OT Exam 1

[3AF] If a particular reading of the text is found 5 times in Egypt, Israel, Turkey, Greece and Rome another reading is found 100 times in Palestine but nowhere else, the first is to be accepted as the preferred reading because of A. Geographical spread B. The shorter reading is preferred C. Fission D. Haplography

A. Geographical spread

[3AA] When lines end in the same words causing the eye to jump down the page and skip material, it is known as A. Homeoteleuton B. Metathesis C. Fission D. Haplography

A. Homeoteleuton

[3J] Why would Proverbs place two contrary proverbs back to back in Scripture? A. It calls on the reader to use discernment and be wise B. It shows that some proverbs are better than others C. It shows that the book is a collection of all sorts of proverbs D. It shows that life is messed up and often contradictory

A. It calls on the reader to use discernment and be wise

How does a politically corrected translation get away from the Bible's original intended meaning? [4F] A. It caters to the reader's agendas not the original author's perspective B. It reflects God's care for women and minorities C. It just translates word for word regardless of political affiliation D. It tries to reflect the original culture more than the modern one

A. It caters to the reader's agendas not the original author's perspective

[3N] Why is the book of Songs of Songs questioned? A. It has strong and explicit sexual imagery B. It does not contain the name of God C. It is not applicable to real life D. The book is an allegory not historical as most biblical books are

A. It has strong and explicit sexual imagery

[3S] What is the problem with Mark 16:9 and following? A. It is not found in our best and oldest manuscripts B. It mixes up the number of people who saw Jesus alive after the resurrection C. It repeats verbatim the ending of the book of Luke D. It is grammatically incorrect since the verb is plural and the subject singular

A. It is not found in our best and oldest manuscripts

[3U] Given the fact that we have 5,000 Greek New Testament manuscripts what benefit does that give? A. It means we can compare them and know what the Bible says more accurately than ever before B. It means that the number of scribal errors has multiplied C. It provides scholars with insight into how to interpret the Bible D. It allows our schools to teach Greek better than ever

A. It means we can compare them and know what the Bible says more accurately than ever before

[3C] Who's prophecy did the prophet Daniel acknowledge and receive as authoritative immediately? A. Jeremiah B. Hosea C. Jonah D. Micah

A. Jeremiah

[3AC] What is an example "Harmonizing Corruptions" in the scribal process of copying? A. Job's wife telling him to bless God, instead of curse God B. The snake giving Eve the fruit and then lying to her to cover it up C. The Hebrew midwives lying to save the Jewish babies D. Daniel not getting eaten by the lions

A. Job's wife telling him to bless God, instead of curse God

[3AH] The best Jewish manuscripts come from which of the following manuscript types A. Masoretic texts B. Coptic texts C. Aramaic texts D. Kabbalah texts

A. Masoretic texts

[3E] Asking if a book is written by a prophet is A. One of the criterion for determining the canonicity of a book B. An important rule in determining whether a book was copied correctly C. A guideline for how one interprets the book D. A necessary question to see whether the book fits the style of the prophet

A. One of the criterion for determining the canonicity of a book

A word for word literal translation incorrectly assumes [4F] A. One word in the source language equals one word in the receptor language B. Words change meaning over time so one word always equals the same word in a given time period C. Meanings need to consistently be put into the same words in both the source and receptor languages D. Metaphors extend the meanings of words the same way in both the source and receptor languages

A. One word in the source language equals one word in the receptor language

[3T] While 1 John 5:7 is the clearest statement in all the Bible on the trinity, it astonishingly is never found where? A. Quoted by any early church father or church council B. In any manuscript before the King James Version C. In any Greek manuscript before the 20th century D. In any theology book prior to the 1700's

A. Quoted by any early church father or church council

There is a big debate over whether it is the author's intent that should determine how we interpret or a _________ hermeneutic (means of interpreting). [4F] A. Reader response B. Translator perspective C. Spiritual D. Traditional

A. Reader response

What does the NIV accomplish in its proverbial translations? It _______ [4J] A. Sticks to the proverbial genre by being short, pithy and to the point B. Uses long drawn out sentences that allow you to fully understand the meaning C. Employs a concise word for word literal translation D. Tries to capture the sound plays of the original Hebrew

A. Sticks to the proverbial genre by being short, pithy and to the point

[3Y] What does "metathesis" mean? A. Switching the order of letters B. Combining words together that should be separated C. Words that have the same endings D. Words that are written twice in a row but should only be written once

A. Switching the order of letters

[3P] Which of the following is an example of a Pseudepigrapha book? A. The book of Enoch B. The book of Maccabees C. The Wisdom of Sirach D. The Song of Songs

A. The book of Enoch

[3H] Who needed to accept a book in order for it to make it into the Old Testament canon? A. The people of God B. The kings of Israel C. The majority of the prophets D. The priests

A. The people of God

[3K] Why was Ezekiel questioned as an Antilegomena book? A. The temple described is too big for the temple mount B. The book contradicts itself on talking to fools C. It mentions two different dates for the same event D. It contains the words of some false prophets

A. The temple described is too big for the temple mount

[3Z] In early Greek manuscripts A. There were no spaces between the words B. There were no breaks between the lines C. There were no accent marks to distinguish certain words D. There were no singular and plural endings marked on words

A. There were no spaces between the words

[3O] What is the Jewish perspective on the Apocrypha? A. They reject them as canonical B. They accept them as canonical with some reservations C. They see them as helpful because Rabbi Akiba said they were beneficial D. They accuse them of being the product of Christianity and hence reject them

A. They reject them as canonical

The NASV says in Prov 10:5 "son who acts wisely" rather than simply "a wise son" making it more wooden and [4I] A. Violating the concise and brief nature of poetic expression B. Violating the metaphorical imagery of the text C. More clear because it elaborates more D. Adding words to Scripture thereby violating it

A. Violating the concise and brief nature of poetic expression

Politically correct versions of the Bible usually are overly sensitive to which of the following? [4F] A. Women B. Children C. Men D. Teenagers

A. Women

When the NLT (New Living Translation) translates Prov 10:5 "A wise youth" rather than a "wise son" one can clearly see [4K] A. Shifts based on age discrimination B. An example of gender inclusive language C. A deleting of a more metaphorical way of expression D. A movement toward understanding the original culture

B. An example of gender inclusive language

[3X] The confusion of "there" and "their" is an example of a scribal error possible A. When doing a metathesis B. When using oral transcription C. When a haplography slips into the text D. When fission and fusion come to bear

B. When using oral transcription

When the scribes were copying down the Bible were there ever any mistakes? [4N] A. No, the Bible came from God and God is perfect B. Yes, scribes were humans and all humans make mistakes C. Yes, and the Bible is unreliable because of those mistakes D. No all the errors are now known and can be corrected

B. Yes, scribes were humans and all humans make mistakes

[3X] The confusion of how words sound in an oral to written process of copying was actually seen in which of the following the readings of Ps 100? A. "Rejoice in the Lord" versus "Give voice to the Lord" B. "Come before his presence" versus "come bringing him presents" C. "And not we ourselves" versus "and we are his" D. "For his love endures forever" versus "for his kindness endures forever"

C. "And not we ourselves" versus "and we are his"

What is perhaps the clearest scribal error in the KJV New Testament? [4N] A. John 3:16 For God so loved ... B. Hebrews 1:1 God has spoken in his son ... C. 1 John 5:7 Father, Word, and Holy Spirit ... D. Romans 3:23 All have sinned ...

C. 1 John 5:7 Father, Word, and Holy Spirit ...

[3AH] Our best Jewish Masoretic texts date to around A. 100 BC-100 AD B. 300-500 AD C. 800-1000 AD D. 1400-1500 AD

C. 800-1000 AD

The Message Bible by Eugene Peterson is [4L] A. A perversion of the Scriptures done to subvert Christianity B. An attempt at a word-for-word literal translation of the Bible C. A creative and inspiring new attempt to translate the meaning of the Bible D. An attempt to correct and clean up many of the alleged errors of the Bible

C. A creative and inspiring new attempt to translate the meaning of the Bible

The Dynamic equivalence method of translation focuses on [4F] A. A context for context equivalence B. A word for word equivalence C. A meaning for meaning equivalence D. A metaphor for metaphor equivalence

C. A meaning for meaning equivalence

When the NLT translates Prov 10:5 "a wise youth works hard all summer" rather than "he who gathers crops in the summer" one can see [4K] A. A shift from an urban to a more agrarian cultural setting B. An example of a vegan reading of the text C. A removal a harvest metaphor by giving its modern meaning instead D. A substitution of a synonym from one language to another

C. A removal a harvest metaphor by giving its modern meaning instead

[3V] What is a suggestion for why God didn't have his word preserved perfectly? It was _______ A. To test us to see if we would struggle to know the truth B. Because he knew it would probably be lost by like the ark C. Because God didn't want his people to worship a perfect text, but the perfect God D. To get people to use free will to interpret what they believe in the Bible

C. Because God didn't want his people to worship a perfect text, but the perfect God

[3O] What is the Old Testament Apocrypha? A. The last section of the Bible B. The lost books of the Bible found in the Dead Sea Scrolls C. Books that are accepted by Catholics but rejected by Protestants D. Books that are accepted by the all Christians but not by the Jews

C. Books that are accepted by Catholics but rejected by Protestants

What other ways can be used to translate words that we don't know the meaning of? (think "silver dross" from the KJV) [4D] A. Look for scribal errors B. See how the NIV or NRSV translated it C. Draw from other cognate or sister languages D. Take its etymology or the historical meaning of the word

C. Draw from other cognate or sister languages

[3M] Some people think the only redeeming quality of Ecclesiastes is found in the final chapter where it says to A. Be happy B. Love God C. Fear God D. Submit your way to the Lord

C. Fear God

[3Z] The example of how one reads CHRISTISNOWHERE is an example of which type of scribal errors? A. Homeoteleuton B. Metathesis C. Fission D. Haplography

C. Fission

[3N] Which of the following was NOT questioned as an Antilegomena book? A. Ezekiel B. Ecclesiastes C. Hosea D. Proverbs

C. Hosea

The King James Version of 1611 uses archaic language. For example, "I do you to wit" (2 Cor 8:1) which means [4E] A. I need you to get B. I am showing you how C. I want you to think about D. I want to do things wit' [with]

C. I want you to think about

[3D] What is the number one question in determining whether a book should be accepted into the canon of Scripture? A. Is the book written by someone approved by Jesus B. Did the early church councils accept the book as canonical/authoritative C. Is the book inspired by God D. Does the book fit with the other books of Scripture

C. Is the book inspired by God

[3S] Why did the King James Version include Mark 16:9 and following? A. It was found in the Dead Sea Scrolls B. It was part of the Greek Septuagint C. It was found in the best Greek manuscripts they had at the time D. It was added by one of the translators to support the King's theological perspective

C. It was found in the best Greek manuscripts they had at the time

[3AJ] The oldest piece of Scripture (ca. 700 BC) ever found was from what book of the Bible? A. Genesis B. Leviticus C. Numbers D. Psalms

C. Numbers

[3J] What Psalm talks 176 times about the flawlessness of Scripture? A. Psalm 23 B. Psalm 100 C. Psalm 119 D. Psalm 139

C. Psalm 119

The process of transmission in relation to the Bible is [4B] A. God transmitting the Bible to the prophets B. The collection of sacred writings C. Scribal copying of the sacred texts from one generation to the next D. Translating the sacred writings from one language to another

C. Scribal copying of the sacred texts from one generation to the next

An infamous gender inclusive politically corrected translation of the Bible tried in England was the ______(give initials)? [4F] A. NASB B. NIV C. TNIV D. ESV

C. TNIV

The ________ Bible was published with excellent study notes on the Internet by some exciting young biblical scholars. [4M] A. The Web Bible B. The Google Bible C. The Net Bible D. The Online Bible

C. The Net Bible

[3B] What is the focus of textual transmission or textual criticism? A. The recognition of which books are authoritative and sacred B. The translation of the Bible from one language to another C. The copying of the Bible manuscripts by scribes through the ages D. The transmitting or carrying of the scrolls of the Bible from one location to another

C. The copying of the Bible manuscripts by scribes through the ages

[3T] If the late Greek manuscripts are followed then what is 1 John 5:7 about? A. The deity of Christ B. The forgiveness of sins C. The trinity D. The return of Christ

C. The trinity

[3J] What was the major canonical problem with the book of Proverbs? A. It only spoke of wisdom and not of God B. It teaches that life is meaningless C. There are sayings that appear to be contradictory D. The name of God is never mentioned

C. There are sayings that appear to be contradictory

[3Q] What is the problem with the scribal copying? A. They could not preserve it because the ink fell off the pages after hundreds of years B. The scribes wrote in languages that no one can decipher C. There were errors in the copying process because they were done by hand D. They all were burned and had to be re-written from memory

C. There were errors in the copying process because they were done by hand

[3AB] Writing a word once when it should have been written twice is called A. Homeoteleuton B. Dittography C. Fission D. Haplography

D. Haplography

When the NASV was translated what kind of translation theory did it employ? [4I] A. A politically corrected approach B. An attempt at preserving the beauty of the English language by using archaic English C. Dynamic equivalence translating meaning for meaning not word for word D. It attempted to translate in a word-for-word literal manner

D. It attempted to translate in a word-for-word literal manner

[3U] The papyrus manuscript P52 dates to 125 AD within 30 years of its author who was ______ A. Matthew B. Mark C. Luke D. John

D. John

[3E] The question: "Is the book written by a prophet?" is really a question about all of the following EXCEPT _______ A. Inspiration B. Authorship C. Character D. Manuscripts

D. Manuscripts

[3X] What is the major advantage of scribes using an oral method to copy manuscripts? A. The reader is able to read faster than doing it only by a visual means B. It avoids many visual errors that can creep into the text C. The reader can add emphasis so the scribes can better understand what they are copying D. One reader can read to 100 scribes thereby multiplying the number of texts produced

D. One reader can read to 100 scribes thereby multiplying the number of texts produced

[3C] Who wrote that he accepted Paul's writings as authoritative immediately? A. Thomas B. Matthew C. Timothy D. Peter

D. Peter

[3N] What are the five Antilegomena books of the Old Testament? A. Proverbs, Psalms, Leviticus, Ecclesiastes, and Esther B. Proverbs, Esther, Ecclesiastes, Ezekiel, and Joshua C. Leviticus, Psalms, Joshua, Esther, Songs of Songs D. Proverbs, Songs of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Ezekiel

D. Proverbs, Songs of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Ezekiel

[3AE] What two principles are useful for determining which text is more reliable? A. Longer and Older B. Longer and Newer C. Shorter and Newer D. Shorter and Older

D. Shorter and Older

All of the following are problems with translating word-for-word EXCEPT __________[4F] A. Some words have many meanings (car) and those different meanings may take different words in different languages B. Languages do not match up word-for-word C. Hebrew Poetry cannot be literally translated into English poetry D. Some words from one language are actually adopted by other languages (e.g. airplane / aeroplano [Italian])

D. Some words from one language are actually adopted by other languages (e.g. airplane / aeroplano [Italian])

6. The Bible was originally written in all of the following languages EXCEPT _______ [4C] A. Greek B. Hebrew C. Aramaic D. Syriac

D. Syriac

[3O] Which of the following is not a book in Apocrypha? A. Maccabees B. Wisdom of Ben Sirach C. The Wisdom of Solomon D. The book of Enoch

D. The book of Enoch

[3Q] What group of people is largely responsible for preserving the word of God for us today? A. The prophets B. The priests C. The kings D. The scribes

D. The scribes

[3AH] The Christian scribes were not as good as the Jewish scribes for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. They were poor B. They were persecuted C. They were uneducated D. They were uncommitted

D. They were uncommitted

[3I] The fact that the Jews questioned whether certain books should have been put into the canon shows A. They were skeptical B. They waited on God to decide C. They had the best scribes D. They were very careful

D. They were very careful

What is the best approach for handling the differing translations into English when trying to study the Bible? [4L] A. Use the NASV as it is a word-for-word literal translation B. Use the NIV because it is the most understandable C. Use the KJV because of its beauty D. Use multiple translations E. Do not use the ESV because it apes the NRSV

D. Use multiple translations

[3S] If one takes off the final verses of the book of Mark, which is supported by our best manuscripts, then how does the book end? A. The disciples see the risen Lord B. The miracle of being bitten by a poisonous snake C. Peter denying the Lord D. Women being afraid

D. Women being afraid

[3P] What is the Pseudepigrapha? A. False writings accepted by no one B. Two books not accepted by the Catholic Church C. A series of books by heretics D. Anonymous books by Old Testament prophets

A. False writings accepted by no one

[3U] How many manuscripts of Plato are there (which is closest)? A. 10 B. 100 C. 500 D. 1,000

A. 10

[3AI] What are the Dead Sea Scrolls? A. A collection of texts that consist of many biblical manuscripts found by the Dead Sea B. Scrolls used by early Christians to spread the Gospel around the Dead Sea C. Scrolls that tell the history of the Jews after the Old Testament D. Scrolls preserved by the salt water of the Dead Sea

A. A collection of texts that consist of many biblical manuscripts found by the Dead Sea

[3X] The copying of "they're" instead of "their" or "there" may result from A. An oral to written process of copying B. Metathesis C. Fusion and fission D. Haplography

A. An oral to written process of copying

[3I] The books that the Jews questioned but did nevertheless accept into the canon are called A. Antilegomena B. Hapax legomena C. Canon ex cathedra D. Sanctus biblicus

A. Antilegomena

When Proverbs 10:5 says "he that sleepth in the harvest" one can see that the KJV uses [4H] A. Archaic English B. Literary English C. Colloquial English D. Idiomatic English

A. Archaic English

[3C] One of the major problems the early church had with determining whether a book should be accepted into the canon of Scripture was A. Circulation of the various books written to specific churches B. The lack of apostolic support for some books C. The gnostic heretics tried to add their own books D. The lack of concern of which books were authoritative and which books were not

A. Circulation of the various books written to specific churches

When the meaning of a word is hard to translate, what method is best used to determine its definition? [4D] A. Context B. The etymology or historical root of the word C. The synonyms of the word D. The metaphors built off the word

A. Context

[3D] What does the canonization process do? A. Defines which books get accepted into the sacred scriptures B. Chooses which books are good to read historically C. Records which books from Old Testament times were lost D. Gives a process by which books were destroyed in the Old Testament

A. Defines which books get accepted into the sacred scriptures

In Proverbs 26:23 the KJV translates "Burning lips and a wicked heart are like a earthenware covered with silver dross." How do we now know "silver dross" is wrong? [4D] A. We have found earthenware without the silver dross coating B. Ancient Ugaritic texts tell us that that word meant "a glaze coating" C. They never used silver on the outside of their pots D. "Silver" was a mistranslation for "fiery" which looks silver in color

B. Ancient Ugaritic texts tell us that that word meant "a glaze coating"

The King James Version translates 2 Cor 8:1 "I do you to wit." This is an example of [4E] A. Literary language B. Archaic language C. Colloquial language D. Technical language

B. Archaic language

[3B] Why is it necessary to study textual transmission questions? A. Because it shows how the church believed in the Bible through the ages B. Because many claim transmission is responsible for many errors in the Bible C. Because scribes were guided by God in the copying of the Scripture D. For preventing heretics from injecting their errors into the Bible

B. Because many claim transmission is responsible for many errors in the Bible

[3P] Many of the New Testament Pseudepigrapha tell stories about A. Jesus on the cross B. Childhood stories of Jesus C. The destruction of the temple by Titus D. What happened to Jesus after he ascended into heaven

B. Childhood stories of Jesus

[3N] Some seek to make the Song of Songs more palatable by understanding it as referring to A. A man and a woman B. Christ and the church C. The Israelites and the promise land D. Good and evil

B. Christ and the church

[3AI] While the Masoretic Hebrew text of the Old Testament dates to 800-1000 AD, the Dead Sea Scrolls A. Proved how inaccurate the Masoretic texts were B. Confirmed how accurate the Masoretic texts were C. Showed a heretical tradition that was totally different from the Masoretic texts D. Confirmed the Septuagint Greek translation of the Old Testament over the Masoretic text

B. Confirmed how accurate the Masoretic texts were

[3AD] When one manuscript has "Church of God" and another has "Church of the Lord" and then a later manuscript is found with the reading "Church of the Lord God" this is an example of A. Homeoteleuton B. Conflation C. Fission D. Haplography

B. Conflation

[3AB] Writing a word twice in a row when it should have been written only once is an example of A. Homeoteleuton B. Dittography C. Fission D. Haplography

B. Dittography

[3D] One of the main criterion for whether a book was accepted into the canon of Scripture is: A. Did the book have miracles in it B. Does the book claim to be from God C. Was the book written in Hebrew D. Was the book preserved through the centuries

B. Does the book claim to be from God

1. Inspiration is the process where [4B] A. God sends the prophets writings from heaven B. God speaks to the prophets C. God inspires the prophets through nature D. God does miracles by the hands of the prophets

B. God speaks to the prophets

[3O] What Jewish feast is founded on the Apocrypha? A. Purim B. Hanukkah C. Yom Kippur D. Passover

B. Hanukkah

[3L] Why was the book of Esther questioned? A. It is about a woman B. It does not mention the name of God C. It was not written by a prophet D. It is not historically accurate at points

B. It does not mention the name of God

[3M] Why was the book of Ecclesiastes questioned? A. It deals with controversial issues on marriage B. It says life is futile, a quickly passing vapor C. It is too sexually explicit D. It focuses on wisdom rather than truth

B. It says life is futile, a quickly passing vapor

[3R] What is the resolution of the differences between the various translations of 1Sam 13:1 and the reign of Saul? A. It was a translation error B. It was a scribal error C. It was an error in the original version D. The Greeks changed the numbers

B. It was a scribal error

What gospel ends with a major scribal textual problem? [4N] A. Matthew B. Mark C. Luke D. John

B. Mark

[3AJ] The oldest piece of Scripture ever found, counter to many critics who usually date this type of material late, was a A. Prophetic oracle B. Priestly blessing C. A law code D. A wisdom saying

B. Priestly blessing

[3V] It was suggested that God did not want his word to become a(n) A. Antique B. Relic C. Symbol D. Archaeological artifact

B. Relic

[3W] The name Dodanim in some translations is a scribal error which should have written Rodanim is an example of A. Haplography B. Similar looking letter confusion C. Oral reading of similar sounding words D. Metathesis

B. Similar looking letter confusion

[3O] What early Bible contained the Apocrypha? A. The Dead Sea Scrolls B. The Latin Vulgate C. The Aramaic Bible D. The Bible of Amenemope

B. The Latin Vulgate

When Hebrew is translated, what is lost that is an important part of the poetry? [4G] A. Nothing, it translates perfectly B. The sounds of the words that are important in appreciating the poetry C. The meaning of the passage cannot make sense D. The cultural signals that determine the meaning

B. The sounds of the words that are important in appreciating the poetry

[3R] What is the controversy in 1 Samuel 13:1? A. It talks about women's role in society B. There are different numbers given for the length of the reign of Saul C. It talks about godly people lying to preserve the life of Samuel D. It goes counter to the archeological evidence

B. There are different numbers given for the length of the reign of Saul

[3U] Approximately how many manuscripts do we have of the New Testament? A. 100 B. 500 C. 1,000 D. 5,000

D. 5,000

2. The process of collecting and recognizing the authoritative books is called [4B] A. Inspiration B. Revelation C. Translation D. Canonization

D. Canonization

[3T] Who most likely added 1 John 5:7 into the Greek text used by the King James translators? A. Martin Luther B. Calvin C. King James D. Erasmus

D. Erasmus

[3AG] All of the following principles are used to gain the preferred manuscript reading EXCEPT _______ A. Better the manuscript families B Wider geographic spread C. Older text D. Hand writing clarity

D. Hand writing clarity