p exam 1

is a neurotransmitter that relays messages from motor neurons to muscles, enabling movement.

Acetylcholine

Over the years, _____ identified speech-impaired patients with damage to the same area on the side of the left frontal lobe.

Broca

reside exclusively in the brain and spinal cord and act as bridges connecting sensory and motor neurons.

Interneurons

What is the significance of the cell body of a typical neuron?

It contains a nucleus and structures that nourish the cell.

Which statement about glutamate is true?

It is an excitatory neurotransmitter, so its main job is to make neurons fire.

Why do positive sodium ions move toward the membrane from the outside and negative protein ions move toward the membrane from the inside?

The opposite charges are attracted to each other.

Which statement describes the primary function of neurons?

They send messages throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals.

Which statement about neurotransmitters is true?

We know approximately 100 neurotransmitters, but more remain to be discovered.

Sakiya is drawing a diagram to help her better understand neural processes. She starts by drawing a neuron, and then she draws a symbol to indicate the voltage change from the _____ that causes vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synapse.

action potential

The anti-wrinkle treatment Botox works by paralyzing facial muscles. This is possible because it is a(n):

antagonist of acetylcholine.

Eva is considering which classes she should take next semester. She knows she wants to learn more about how the brain and other systems influence human behavior. Which kind of class should she take?

biological psychology

The _____ looks like a walnut with its two wrinkled halves.

cerebrum

Information about visual sensations is shared between the hemispheres by the:

corpus callosum.

Last night, Daron was reviewing how neurons communicate in preparation for an upcoming test. If he were to draw a diagram of the communication process at the synapse, which label would he use for the location of the receptor sites?

dendrite

Through the processes of reuptake and _____, the synaptic gap is cleared in preparation for the release of a new batch of chemical messengers.

diffusion

Dr. Maladov is preparing for class tomorrow and is thinking about how best to explain the movement of oppositely charged ions. He ultimately decides to use the common expression "opposites attract" to explain:

electrostatic pressure.

In class, Paloma learned about the way neighboring neurons are involved in the activity of an individual neuron. If enough neighboring neurons signal to the receiving neuron to pass along the message, their combined signal becomes excitatory and the neuron will:

fire.

Acetylcholine

is (are) known to be involved in memory.

biological psychology

is concerned with understanding how the brain and other biological systems influence human behavior.

reuptake

is the process by which neurotransmitters can be reabsorbed by the sending axon terminal.

The left hemisphere controls language in:

most right-handed and left-handed people.

Nerve cells specialized for transmitting information from the central nervous system to other parts of the body such as muscles and glands are called:

motor neurons.

When Professor Rodriguez was describing axons, he noted that many axons are surrounded by a fatty substance that provides insulation. However, he also made sure to mention that the axon is not entirely enclosed, but instead is covered in segments of this substance. What is Professor Rodriguez discussing?

myelin

Lana has always been fascinated by the complexity of thoughts and feelings that humans are capable of. This semester, she is taking a psychology course on the brain and nervous system, and she now knows that these complex abilities are due to the web of connections among:

nerve cells.

The bundles of neurons in the peripheral nervous system are called:

nerves

After a car accident, a third of Johanna's brain tissue was destroyed. She is still able to talk, think, and feel emotions, although she has some paralysis and loss of sensation on the right side of her body. These effects are due to loss or damage to Johanna's:

neurons.

The _____ includes all the neurons that are not in the central nervous system.

peripheral nervous system

Eric is reading in his psychology textbook about the work of Franz Gall, who believed that the bumps on a person's skull could reveal psychological traits about them. If Eric wanted to learn more about Gall's work, what keyword(s) might he type into an Internet search?

pheneography

After neurotransmitters latch onto the receptors of the dendrites of the receiving neuron, tiny gates in the receiving cell's membrane fly open. What must enter the cell next to restart the action potential cycle?

positively charged particles

Zia's instructor described how neurons communicate. She was explaining that neurotransmitters cannot bind to just anything on the receiving neuron. Rather, it must come into contact with the correct _____ in order to convey its message.

receptor site

The peripheral nervous system provides the communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the:

rest of the body.

Oscar is learning about antidepressants. In order to understand how they work, he needs to know what happens without them. Normally, neurotransmitters that do not connect with receptor sites can be reabsorbed by the sending axon terminal in the _____, but some antidepressants prevent this from happening.

reuptake process

How does the thyroid gland regulate the rate of metabolism?

secreting thyroxin

A primary function of the myelin sheath is:

speeding communication between neurons.

What structure provides a direct link between the brain and the peripheral nervous system?

spinal cord

glial cells

support, nourish, and protect neurons.

Jaylen is interested in studying neurons and how they communicate. He is especially interested in the distance between neurons, because he knows this tiny _____ is vital for neural communication.

synaptic gap

The vesicles in the axon terminal allow neurotransmitters to be released into the _____ between neurons.

synaptic gap

The inclination to direct energy toward nurturing offspring and forging social bonds when responding to stress is called the _____ response.

tend-and-befriend

At the start of class, Haru's psychology professor announces that she will be discussing the structure that orchestrates behavior and houses thoughts, emotions, and personality. What will be the focus of the lecture?

the brain

The thyroid gland regulates the rate of metabolism by secreting:

thyroxin

Dembe is studying a diagram that displays the activity of an action potential. He notes that the last stage of the process involves the _____ found in the axon terminal releasing the _____ into the synaptic gap.

vesicles; neurotransmitters