PA Appraiser New

Ignition, alternator and solenoid - What do they have in common?

Battery

What keeps tire on the rim?

Bead

What does the "B" in B code on tires stand for?

Bias

Conventional Frame

Body-on-frame Construction. 2 parallel frame rails joined together by a series of perpendicular crossmembers welded to the rails. Frame provides primary support and stiffness of vehicle. Mostly used in modern trucks and larger SUVs.

Which part of the car is eliminated when the car has electronic fuel injection?

Carburetor

What connects the exhaust pipe and intermediate pipe?

Catalytic Converter

B Pillar

Center Pillar - Structural support. Front door latch and rear door hinges.

In this type of suspension design, only the toe-in adjustment can be utilized for a front end alignment.

Chapman

Ignition Switch

Closes a circuit that allows electrical current stored in the battery to flow into the starter solenoid

What connects the gears to the drive shaft in a manual transmission?

Collar

Why do you blend a panel?

Color Match

Which of the following warns if there is a problem with the brake system?

Combination Valve

How can radiator fins be repaired?

Combing (a special plastic comb is run down the fins to straighten them out)

Ignition Components

Computer, distributor caps & related parts, distributors, ignition coils, ignition modules, spark plugs & wires, performance ignition kits, sensors, switches.

What connects the pistons to the crank shaft?

Connecting rod

In a process called closed loop control, oxygen sensors monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust and report to this module, which uses the information to adjust the air-to-fuel ratio in real-time. What is the name of the module?

Engine control unit (ECU)

EGR

Exhaust Gas Recirculation. Recirculates a portion of the engine's exhaust back to the engine cylinders. Reduces NOX gas.

Which exhaust system component carries exhaust from the exhaust manifold to the catalytic converter?

Exhaust pipe

Which panels are bolted and which are welded?

Fenders are bolted on - Quarter panels are welded on

Why could a damaged firewall be an issue?

Firewalls are generally a "non serviceable" part meaning they cannot be repaired. They would need replaced, thusly causing the vehicle to become a "structural total loss".

LKQ Radiator - what do you need to do before installing?

Flush and charge

When performing an appraisal the vehicle should be inspected:

From the front to the rear

Where are the crush zones?

Front / rear (look for dimples, dents, buckles) - not on sides of vehicle. Areas that can be crushed in front end or rear end accidents with little to no impact to the passengers.

What feeds the transmission cooler and torque converter in an automatic transmission?

Gear Pump

What is mounted at the front and rear of the roof panel?

Glass seal

On a front wheel drive car, the front wheels are attached to what?

Half shafts

When back glass and trunk lid are in 1 assembly, what is it called?

Hatchback

What is the outer most part of the sealed beam?

Headlamp Bezel

An air conditioning system changes the refrigerant to what?

High pressure liquid

What component is used in a power steering system to assist the driver's efforts to turn the steering wheel?

Hydraulic Assembly

What sends a message to the air bag module?

Impact sensor

What are the most common engine types?

In Line and "V"

Which would be an example of an additional interest to the policy?

Lienholder

What does LKQ stand for?

Like, Kind and Quality

Firewall

Located between engine components and passenger compartment. Blocks heat from being transferred to the passenger compartment (not like the firewall of a house - will not stop fire from entering passenger compartment)

C Pillar

Lock Pillar

What's the difference between MacPherson strut and SLA?

MacPherson suspension consist of lower control arm, strut, knuckle (not an upper control arm). SLA (Short-Long Arm) uses an upper control arm.

In an automatic transmission, the shift lever connects to what?

Manual Valve

What does the 10th number of the VIN indicate?

Manufacturing year

What type of metal cannot be welded?

Martensitic stainless steels (replace only)

The brake pedal pushes a rod that is connected to what?

Master cylinder

What component in a braking system forces brake fluid into the brake lines?

Master cylinder

What do you measure to know if a control arm is bent?

Measuring the distance between each control arm and wheel is another way to find a bent steering arm. Both distances should be the same on both sides of the vehicle.

What do you measure to know if the steering knuckle is bent?

Measuring the distance between each rotor to the knuckle from the same point on each side.

Rocker panel

Metal piece located on the lower portion of each side of the vehicle, running the length of the vehicle. Part of the structure in both conventional (body on frame) and unibody frames. Covered by rocker molding.

1) Any person who violates any of the provisions of the appraiser's act is guilty of ________________. What is the fine?

Misdemeanor $500

Belt Molding

Molding on outside of window (at belt height) - not the body side molding which is lower on the door for decoration

Belt Moldings

Moldings that are positioned just below the window openings

In a down draft paint booth, the main difference in non-metallic paint and metallic paint is what?

Non-metallic paint requires no blending and metallic paint does

Aftermarket

Nonoriginal equipment manufacturer (non-OEM) replacement part, either new or used, for any of the nonmechanical parts that generally constitute the exterior of the motor vehicle, including inner and outer panels.

D Pillar

On Vans & SUVs

What does the camshaft do?

Operates the valves in an internal combustion engine

Electric/Hybrid cars. What color is the cord?

Orange

What does the 1st number of the VIN indicate?

Origin of assembly plant

Question on a business policy... what would cover theft, fire, etc?

Other-than- collision (comprehensive)

Timing Belt

Part of the internal combustion engine that handles the rotation of the crankshaft and camshaft

What is used to repair a tail pipe if it's bent?

Pipe expander

What will cause a car to burn and lose oil?

Piston rings that do not seal the cylinder. An old engine with piston rings that no longer seal the cylinder and piston properly.

What creates the different gear ratios in an automatic transmission?

Planetary gearset

PCV

Positive Crank Case Ventilation

How is the windshield connected/installed?

Primer and urethane adhesive - then after windshield is in, cover with plastic surrounds and top molding.

What is the duty of the claimant after the loss?

Provide a date, time and facts of the loss

In which type of steering system is the worm gear found?

Re - circulating ball steering

If your appraiser's license is expired more than 60 days, what do you have to do?

Re-take test

What component controls the movement of a door glass?

Regulator

What are the main components of door shell?

Regulator, intrusion bar, trim panel, sash, handles, belt molding, body trim molding, outer panel/skin, glass, lock

What does R & I stand for?

Remove and install

What does R & R stand for?

Remove and replace

What structural part does the floor tie into?

Rocker Panel

Run Channel

Rubber strip that runs along the top of the door to prevent water from getting in and reduces sound - creates a tighter seal between door and roof

Sash Channel

Runs below window / window rests in sash channel

What does the computer of the vehicle do?

Runs the car sensors (brain of the car)

Head lamp is scratched, not broken. What do you have to do to it?

Sand and buff it

What can you use to see if a car has clear coat?

Sandpaper

What is the serpentine belt?

Single, continuous belt used to drive multiple devices in an engine. Drives the alternator, power steering pump, water pump, A/C compressor, air pump, etc.

What two chemicals react to inflate a car's airbag?

Sodium Azide (NaN3) and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)

What component transfers battery power to the starter?

Solenoid

Peril

Something that may cause injury, harm or loss.

What are the four main components to an ABS system?

Speed sensors, pump, valves & controller.

The sector gear is connected to the sector shaft which connects to what part of the steering assembly?

Steering arm

A vehicle with no side air bags has the driver's side air bag mounted to what?

Steering wheel

What is another name for an in-line engine?

Straight line engine

In commercial auto physical damage coverage, what "triggers" the coverage that applies to the vehicles?

Symbols

What can be used to measure frame damage?

Tape measure (measure diagonal from strut towers to corners and compare the measurements. If number isn't equal, frame has sway)

Betterment

The act or process of improving something. When a part is used on a car that makes the car more valuable than it was prior to the loss.

The MacPherson Strut combines which two parts?

The coil spring and shock absorber

In rear wheel drive cars and trucks, the engine turns...

The driveshaft which transmits rotational force to the drive axle at the rear of the vehicle

Headliner

The fabric or cardboard-like lining that covers the inner roof panel and roof bows

What are the parts of the ignition system?

The ignition system consists of an ignition coil, distributor, distributor cap, rotor, plug wires and spark plugs

Aftermarket parts can only be used when?

The parts are listed and coded in the estimate

What two main components make up the rack-and-pinion steering system?

The rack-and-pinion and the power steering pump

What does a Timing Belt do?

The timing belt is there to make sure that the movement of the camshaft or camshafts is synchronized with the movement of the crankshaft.

Radiator Support: Top Hose vs Bottom Hose

Top Hose: Engine to Radiator Bottom Hose: Radiator to Engine

Which part of the fuel system allows the fuel into the engine cylinders?

Transistor

True or False: Appraisals should always be signed by the appraiser?

True

How to measure to knuckle?

Use a square/straight edge

When welding metal on metal, what do you need to do?

Use corrosion spray

Unibody

Uses the body for structural support and stiffness. Uses rail segments that are welded to the floor panel and other elements of the body. Used mostly in passenger cars and crossover SUVs. Uses the core and body panels for structural support

The linkage between the camshaft and the valves is commonly known as what?

Valve Train

What causes a wheel to make a grinding noise?

Wheel bearings are loose

Which is not a peril in reference to auto insurance?

Wind/hail is not a peril (fire, theft and collision are perils)

What component in a car's computer system makes physical adjustments to change how a particular mechanical system operates? a) Actuator b) ECM c) Computer d) Sensor

a) Actuator

Where is the rear lower body panel located? a) Between the deck lid and the rear bumper b) Below the rear window on the inside of the vehicle c) Between the deck lid and the rear window d) Between the deck lid and the rear package shelf

a) Between the deck lid and the rear bumper

What component transforms the rotary motion of the crankshaft into up-and-down motion, thus causing the intake and exhaust valves to open and close? a) Camshaft b) Piston c) Engine block d) Cylinder

a) Camshaft

Which one of the following components is NOT considered part of the fuel system? a) Exhaust manifold b) Intake manifold c) Air cleaner d) Fuel lines

a) Exhaust manifold

Which one of the following lists the three components that make up the front end sheet metal of an auto? a) Grille, hood and fenders b) Grille, hood and headlamps c) Fender skirt, fender outer panel and strut tower d) Moldings, ornamentation and grille

a) Grille, hood and fenders

Which is not a structural support that the roof ties into? a) Headliner b) Roof Rails c) Windshield d) Roof bows

a) Headliner

What component is used in a power steering system to assist the driver's efforts to turn the steering wheel? a) Hydraulic assembly b) Sensor c) Master cylinder d) Power booster

a) Hydraulic assembly

Which one of the following is NOT part of the auto's charging system? a) Ignition coil b) Voltage regulator c) Battery d) Alternator

a) Ignition coil

What are the different types of frame pulls?

a) Ladder b) Frame c) Rough d) Post and chain

What makes up components of a MacPherson strut?

a) Lower control arm b) Strut coils/springs c) Tie rod d) Steering arm

What are the 3 types of suspensions?

a) MacPherson (uses 1 lower control arm) b) SLA (uses 2 control arms, upper and lower) c) I-Beam (uses an i-beam shaped bar - only used in trucks)

Which emissions control system component helps control the emission of hydrocarbons from the crankcase? a) PCV valve b) Catalytic converter c) Vapor canister d) EGR valve

a) PCV valve

Which one of the following is NOT found on a parallelogram steering system? a) Pinion gear b) Tie rod c) Center link d) Pitman arm

a) Pinion gear

Which one of the following is NOT a purpose of pillars? a) Provide support for the front end b) Provide support to the roof c) Serve as mounting posts for door hinges d) Serve as mounting posts for door lock strikers

a) Provide support for the front end

Which one of the following components is NOT part of the radiator support? a) Radiator b) Lower tie bar c) Upper tie bar d) Side baffles

a) Radiator

The sides of the window glass travel in components called a) Run channel b) Edge guards c) Window regulators d) Sash channels

a) Run channel

What type of glass is used in all car windows EXCEPT the windshield? a) Tempered b) High strength c) Safety plate d) Safety layer

a) Tempered

A car's quarter panel would NOT include which of the following components? a) The cowl b) Wheel opening, side or belt moldings c) Side marker lamp d) Fuel door

a) The cowl

Name component in a ball joint suspension assembly (SLA)

a) Upper control arm b) Tie Rod c) Spring d) Lower control arm e) Sway bar f) Upper plate g) Coil spring h) Strut i) Drive shaft

The catalytic converter is the component in the exhaust system that a) Uses a chemical reaction to purify exhaust gasses b) Reduces the noise of escapting exhaust gasses c) Connects the exhaust manifold with the muffler d) Pushes exhaust gasses out of the cylinders and into the exhaust manifold

a) Uses a chemical reaction to purify exhaust gasses

Which one of the following is NOT a part of an air conditioning system? a) Water pump b) Compressor c) Receiver-dehydrator d) Evaporator

a) Water pump

A drum brake does NOT include a) Brake shoes b) A Caliper c) Brake linings d) A brake backing plate

b) A Caliper

Independent front and rear suspension systems a) Prevent the wheels from moving up and down on their own b) Allow each wheel to move up and down on its own c) Are rarely used on passenger cars d) Connect both sides of the suspension to a single axle

b) Allow each wheel to move up and down on its own

Which one of the following is NOT included in a typical anti-lock brake system? a) Hydraulic actuator b) Bead c) Anti-lock brake control module d) Wheel speed sensors

b) Bead

The two major components of a disc brake are the a) Brake pad and piston b) Caliper and disc c) Cooling fins and disc d) Disc and brake pad

b) Caliper and disc

Where are the rear doors mounted on four-door cars? a) Hinge pillars b) Center pillars c) Door pillars d) Quarter panels

b) Center pillars

The alternator, voltage regulator, battery and ammeter are all apart of which electrical system? a) Engine cooling b) Charging c) Ignition d) Starting

b) Charging

Slots, holes, dimples and other dents are built into unibody panels to protect the vehicle from the energy of a collision. These areas are called a) Unirails b) Crush zones c) Torque boxes d) Energy absorbers

b) Crush zones

The two most common types of brakes are a) Master brakes and power brakes b) Drum brakes and disc brakes c) Caliper brakes and disc brakes d) Drum brakes and master brakes

b) Drum brakes and disc brakes

Which one of the following is NOT a component of a tire? a) Tread b) Felloe band c) Sidewall d) Bead

b) Felloe band

Which one of the following is NOT a component in a front ball joint suspension system? a) Shock absorber b) I-beam c) Coil spring d) Ball joint

b) I-beam

Which exhaust system component carries exhaust from the catalytic converter to the muffler? a) Kick-up pipe b) Intermediate pipe c) Exhaust pipe d) Tailpipe

b) Intermediate pipe

What component forms the rear side of the automobile? a) Pillars b) Quarter panels c) Fenders d) Quarter wheelhouses

b) Quarter panels

What component forms the housing for the rear wheels? a) Quarter panels b) Quarter wheelhouses c) Sail panels d) Fenders

b) Quarter wheelhouses

A pinion gear, rack, dust boots, and tie rods are all components of what type of steering system? a) Power b) Rack and pinion c) I-Beam d) Parallelogram

b) Rack and pinion

The bottom of the window glass fits into a component called the a) Run channel b) Sash channel c) Window regulator d) Edge guard

b) Sash channel

Which one of the following is NOT part of the auto's starting system? a) Starter solenoid b) Spark plugs c) Battery d) Ignition switch

b) Spark plugs

In an automatic transmission, the clutch is replaced with a a) Power booster b) Torque converter c) Master cylinder d) Differential

b) Torque converter

In front wheel drive cars, what component combines the differential and transmission into a single part? a) Bell housing b) Transaxle c) Constant velocity joint d) Torque converter

b) Transaxle

Which one of the following is considered part of the cowl? a) Fender b) Vent panel c) Grille d) Quarter panel

b) Vent panel

On a unibody car, the lock pillar is also known as the a) Quarter pillar b) B pillar c) C pillar d) A pillar

c) C pillar

What component in an air bag system activates the air bag modules when there is a front end collision of sufficient force? a) Supplemental sensors b) Impact sensors c) Control module d) Restraint module

c) Control module

An automobile that has a separate substructure to which the various front end, body and mechanical parts of the vehicle are bolted is called a/an a) Unitized vehicle b) Unibody c) Conventional frame vehicle d) Channel vehicle

c) Conventional frame vehicle

The connecting rod links the piston to the a) Crankcase b) Piston rings c) Crankshaft d) Cylinder

c) Crankshaft

Which emissions control system component introduces small amounts of exhaust gas into the intake manifold, where it is combined with the regular fuel mixture and diluted? a) Vapor canister b) PCV valve c) EGR valve d) Catalytic converter

c) EGR valve

Which one of the following components is NOT considered part of the vehicle's front end? a) Grille b) Fenders c) Floor Pan d) Hood

c) Floor Pan

Which one of the following components is NOT part of a unibody structure? a) Strut towers b) Unirails c) Frame d) Radiator support

c) Frame

What component combines the deck lid and stationary back glass into a single assembly that lifts up like a deck lid? a) Sail panel b) Tail panel c) Hatchback d) Fender

c) Hatchback

Rear rail damage. When does rail have to be replaced? a) Sway b) Sag c) Mash d) Diamond

c) Mash

Which one of the following answer choices lists the two components that are part of a hood's lock assembly? a) Release cable and support rod b) Pop-up spring and release cable c) Pop-up spring and safety catch d) Pop-up spring and hinges

c) Pop-up spring and safety catch

What component found on power braking systems uses the engine to create a vacuum, allowing the driver to depress the brake pedal with less pressure? a) Master cylinder b) Hydraulic cylinder c) Power booster d) Pinion gear

c) Power booster

What is the purpose of antuomatic seat belt and air bag systems? a) Improve the car's appearance b) Reduce the number of traffic accidents c) Prevent or reduce bodily injury arising out of auto accidents d) Protect the car body from collision damage

c) Prevent or reduce bodily injury arising out of auto accidents

The outer rocker panel is NOT welded to which of the following components? a) Inner rocker panel b) Floor pan c) Roof outer panel d) Quarter panel assembly

c) Roof outer panel

Significant damage to front and rear door - what is almost always damaged? a) Broken windshield b) Broken backglass c) Broken quarter glass d) Center pillar

d) Center pillar

What type of headlamp features a lens that is specifically designed for the auto model and contoured to its requirements for improved aerodynamics? a) Sealed composite b) Sealed beam c) Composite beam d) Composite

d) Composite

What component forms the base of the car? a) Firewall b) Rocker panel c) Cowl d) Floor pan

d) Floor pan

A transaxle, half shaft and constant velocity joints are found in what type of drive train? a) Rear wheel b) Conventional c) Integral d) Front wheel

d) Front wheel

Which one of the following front suspension systems is not used on passenger cars but is used on some trucks? a) McPherson strut b) Torsion bar c) Ball joint d) I-beam

d) I-beam

What component found below the rear window on the inside of the vehicle serves as a shelf and provides internal bracing? a) Firewall b) Rear lower body panel c) Rear upper body panel d) Rear package shelf

d) Rear package shelf

What component runs underneath the doors between the front and rear fenders on the left and right sides of the vehicle? a) Firewall b) Cowl c) Floor pan d) Rocker panel

d) Rocker panel

What type of glass is used in windshields? a) Tempered b) Safety layer c) High strength d) Safety plate

d) Safety plate

Which one of the following answer choices lists the three basic components in a car's computer system? a) Valves, rods and pistons b) Sensors, actuations and sprockets c) Sprockets, cams and sensors d) Sensors, computer and actuators

d) Sensors, computer and actuators

Which one of the following answer choices lists the three systems that are all considered part of the car's electrical system? a) Ignition, heating and air conditioning b) Charging, exhaust and ignition c) Emissions control, starting and charging d) Starting, charging and ignition

d) Starting, charging and ignition

What is the purpose of the starter motor? a) Distribute voltage to the spark plugs b) Allow the car to be started only when it is in neutral or park c) Store electricity d) Turn the engine over

d) Turn the engine over

Which one of the following items is NOT included in a rear McPherson strut suspension system? a) Lower control arm b) Ball joint c) Coil spring d) Upper control arm

d) Upper control arm

What type of engine has 6 cylingers arranged so that the cylinders are upright and in two rows angled towards each other at the bottom? a) In-line 4 b) In-line 6 c) V-8 d) V-6

d) V-6

In Pennsylvania, the civil penalty for replacing any vehicle safety equipment in violation of Federal motor vehicle safety standards adopted by regulation by the department is what?

$100

What is a ball joint?

A ball socket assembly that attaches the steering knuckle tot he suspension system. Allows for pivotal and rotational movement of the wheel as it moves up and down and is steered left to right.

A person guilty of fraud is subject to what?

A civil penalty of up to $50,000 for each violation and/or 10 years imprisonment may be imposed. If the fraudulent actions cause an insurer to go into bankruptcy, the imprisonment can be up to 15 years.

Intake Manifold

A cover that sits on top of engine. It directs the air-fuel mixture in the engine to the corresponding cylinder where it's burned to produce power. Coolant flows through the intake manifold to the cylinder heads to reduce engine temperature.

What does an adjuster do?

A natural person in this Commonwealth who makes appraisals of motor vehicle physical damage.

What's the difference between an actuator and a sensor?

A sensor is used to monitor the changes in the environment. An actuator is used to control the environmental or physical changes. Both sensors and actuators allow the proper functioning of the system.

What regulates the impact force that causes a front air bag to deploy?

ABS sensors

Which part turns AC power into DC power?

Alternator

What is the benefit to using LKQ instead of OEM on a fender replacement?

An LKQ Fender would come with the fender liner

Vapor Canister

An important part of its federally mandated emissions control system. When properly installed and maintained, the vapor canister reduces the amount of evaporated fuel a car or truck emits.

What holds the body to frame of vehicle?

Anchors

A Pillar

Aperture Pillar - Supports windshield and front door hinges. Supports roof.

Who determines the amount of damage to the vehicle?

Appraiser

How many days after an inspection should a total loss be offered to the owner?

5

What are the number of business days you have per Act 361 to inspect a vehicle?

6

In the four-stroke power cycle, what is each stroke called?

1. Intake stroke 2. Compression stroke 3. Power (Combustion) stroke 4. Exhaust stroke.

Anyone who threatens, forces or corruptly influences, obstructs or impedes the due and proper administration of the fraud law relating to the insurance business may be fined and/or imprisoned up to:

10 years

What does the crankshaft do?

Converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion

What gives the floor pan the most strength?

Corrugations in the floor (metal that's been reinforced through metalwork stamping)

Why should you know the options on vehicle?

Could impact total loss vs repair

What are the two parts of the combustion system?

Cylinders and pistons

What are the 2 main components of a door?

Door Shell & Outer Panel

The part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders is an:

Intake Manifold

An appraiser's license shall expire annually at midnight on this day?

June 30