padi 4

how often should u get a fitness exam

before diving and regularly after

options for mesh utility bag

style (drawstring, plastic, etc) material size straps or handles

how to plan dives w dive computer

- activating computer and scrolling the no stop limits - agree w buddies on max depth - check the time for that depth - plan max time and air management

role of diver in the long term survival and health of aquatic ecosystem

- adding ur voice and votes to those of other divers helps make positive changes - underwater cleanups - invasive species removal - ecotourism and science

how do dive tables address repetitive diving

- assigns a pressure group that reps the theoretical amount of residual nitrogen from ur time and depth - gives u credit for nitrogen leaving ur body during a surface interval nd assigns a new pressure group based on surface interval time - shows ur no stop times for each depth adjusted for ur pressure group at the start of the dive

why is it important to be trained as a padi enriched air diver (or with one) before attempting to dive with enriched air

- avoid problems w equipment and oxygen toxicity

what to do for a diver who has had contaminated air

- breathe fresh air - get emergency oxygen - cpr - contract emergency medical care

4 purposes for carrying a slate or wet book

- communication - for your limits and backup info - record info during dive - the unexpected

recommendations for using prescriptions before diving

- consult physician - discontinue diving until u no longer use the prescription

condition that can result if u exceed depth/time limits while diving and then surface? what happens to the body?

- dcs - nitrogen comes out faster than ur body can eliminate it and causes nitrogen bubbles in ur blood and body tissues

dive planning software options

- desktop/laptop computers - tablet apps

how to keep dive skills and knowledge current

- dive regularly - involve urself with the dive community in person and online

6 guidelines for diving w a computer

- dive the plan - stay well within limits - follow the most conservative computer - watch spg - start at deepest point and go shallower - go up slowly

4 advantages of dive computers over dive tables

- easier to use - offset human error - give u more time underwater - have other features besides the basics

dive log options

- electronic logs or printed logs - elog programs - size

what can u do w dive planning software

- estimate how long air supply will last - estimate time ur dive computer will allow

how to avoid contaminated air probs

- get cylinder filled at proper place

possible causes of contaminated air

- getting cylinder filled at an improper place - improper maintenance of filling system - high levels of contamination in source gas

5 signs of contaminated air

- headache - dizziness - red lips/nail beds - nausea - unconsciousness/unresponsiveness

whats a mesh utility bag used for

- holding litter - holding small gear - transporting gear

why is it important to have spare parts kit

- if u lose an o ring or break a strap - prepared for a last minute replacement

whys it important to apply environmentally friendly five skills and awareness while diving

- it can destroy its natural beauty - ecosystem is already under stress from pollution and other sources may struggle to recover from damage from divers - skills and habits that are good for the environment are also good for u - important to ur role as an ambassador and role model

general fitness accommodations

- maintain reasonable level of fitness - good diet and good amount of sleep - keep immunizations current - get physical exam before diving and regularly after

7 types of info that dive computers tell u before, during, and after a dive

- no stop limits - depth - elapsed time - no stop time remaining - ascent rate - emergency decompression - previous dive info

effects pregnancy has on diving

- not recommended to dive while pregnant bc not a lot is known about how diving affects a developing fetus

what is a slate

- piece of rigid plastic that u write on w an attached pen - reusable

why can no dive computer/table guarantee that dcs will never occur and how do u address this

- ppl vary in susceptibility to dcs so they cant guarantee that it wont occur - u must accept that theres always some risk of dcs when diving

why do u log dives

- reference - documentation - onsite experience references - to share - related info

how does dive computer calculate repetitive dive

- same way it calculates your first dive - tracks depth and time - displays your remaining no stop time at ur current depth - remembers residual nitrogen in first dive - calculates ur time at the surface and how much theoretical residual nitrogen dissolves out of ur body

what to do if dive computer fails during a dive or in between dives

- signal buddies and acend and make a safe stop and end the dive - continue the dive w a backup computer

dive light options

- size - brightness - pwr source - accessories

slate and wet book options

- size; want one that fits in ur pocket

items in a spare parts kit

- spare mask - fin strap - snorkel keeper - harness/weight belt buckle - cable - adjustable wrench, pliers, screw drivers, hex wrenches, scuba tool - regulator mouthpiece - accessory clip - slate/wetbook pencil - various sized cylinder valve/ o rings - cement or glue for appropriate suit repair - sunscreen and suglasses

diving factors that strain your heart and cardiovascular system

- swimming hard - carrying equipment - climbing ladders - long walks wearing gear - heat stress

how to set up and activate dive computer

- time and date - measurements - ascent rate alarms - max depth/time alarm

whats a dive light used for? why use during the day?

- to see when night diving - during the day u can look into holes/cracks where organisms hide

whys it important to dive w same dive computer and to not turn it off in between dives

- tracks ur personal theoretical nitrogen levels continuously during all ur dives and all ur surface intervals

how does dive computer/table estimate the amount of nitrogen u absorb during a dive

- use dive time and depth info to calculate the theoretical amount of nitrogen in the body - compare against limits that resulted from experimental dives and human experiences

what is a wet book

- waterproof pages - write w attached pencil - more writing space and the pages can be kept - not reusable

% of each component gas that makes up air

N= 79 O= 21

2 substances to avoid before diving

alcohol and tobacco

what to do if u feel ill before diving

cancel the dive and dont use medication

what info do u record in a dive log at minimum

date dive site dive buddies depth/duration objective/description

what happens to dissolved nitrogen in my body during surface interval

declines as it dissolves out of your tissues and leaves your body

what should u do if ur predisposed to heart disease

discuss factors w your doctor

repetitive dive

dive made while u still have residual nitrogen

how to prevent oxygen probs when diving with air

dont exceed max depth for recreational diving

9 secondary factors that affect how the body absorbs and releases nitrogen

fatigue cold illness age alcohol consumption vigorous exercise dehydration poor fitness injuries

how does using enriched air nitrox affect component gases that make up air

has advantages and disadvantages in relation to dcs and oxygen toxicity probs

what happens to no stop limits as you go up to a shallower depth during a dive

increase risk of dcs

how does continuing diver training keep skills refreshed

learn new skills and expand capabilities

how to refresh dive skills and knowledge after period of inactivity

learn new skills and expand capabilities

what to do if u exceed a no stop limit

make one or more emergency decompression stops

what is a no stop limit

max time u can spend at a given depth and still ascend directly to the surface

2 factors that influence how much nitrogen dissolves into body tissues during dive

nitrogen absorption and decompression sickness

what component gases make up air

nitrogen and oxygen

residual nitrogen

nitrogen left in body after a dive shortens no stop limits if u dive again

are divers a significant threat to underwater environment

no

does dive computer/table assess anything going on inside a divers body

no

effects menstruation has on diving

nothing

4 diving related issues that the makeup of air relates

oxygen toxicity DCS contaminated air gas narcosis

9 signs of dcs and how soon do they happen

paralysis dizziness tingling joint/limb pain shock numbness difficulty breathing weakness/prolonged fatigue unconsciousness and death

what is no stop diving

planning ur dive so that u can swim directly to the surface w out unacceptable risk of dcs

why is ascent rate important part of no stop dive

reduces chance of lung overexpansion injury

difference between a decompression stop and a safety stop

safety stop isnt required but a decompression stop is required bc u exceed the no stop limits

how does residual nitrogen affect no stop limits on a repetitive dive

shortens no stop limits

what is the relationship between depth and no stop limit

the deeper u go the short your no stop limits

why shouldnt u dive with a cylinder labeled "oxygen" or filled w 100% oxygen

theyre used only by properly trained tec and rebreather divers

surface interval

time u spend at the surface between 2 dives

why should i be cautious when attaching a mesh utility bag to my gear while diving

u need to be able to quickly discard anything that may weigh u down