Parasitology/Mycology Final

All of the following pertain to tapeworms, except the: a. One proglottid segment will have either female or male reproductive organs b. Scolex is the attachment organ c. Proglottids are reproductive segments d. Cysticerci are young infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat e. Strobila is made up of proglottids

A

An Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite may be identified by which of the following morphologic features? a. Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with a central karyosome b. Ingested WBCs and two nucleoli with central karyosomes c. Ingested RBCs and a single nucleus with an eccentric karyosome d. Ingested RBCs, a single nucleus, and a large cytoplasmic glycogen vacuole

A

Consumption of raw or undercooked beef is associated with: a. Taenia saginata b. Taenia solium c. Diphyllidium carninum d. Trichinella spiralis

A

Dermatophyte spores can survive for years on fomites. a. True b. False

A

Diagnosis of giardiasis involves checking __________ in feces. a. Cysts b. Trophozoites c. Eggs d. Larva e. All of the choices are correct.

A

For which of the following is sputum useful in the diagnosis of parasitic infection: a. Paragonimus westermani b. Schistosoma mansoni c. Clonorchis sinensis d. Fasciola hepatica

A

Fungal spores are common allergens that cause hypersensitivities a. True b. False

A

Fungal spores are common allergens that cause hypersensitivities. a. True b. False

A

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called: a. Dimorphic b. Spores c. Fungi Imperfecti (Deuteromycota) d. Pseudohyphae e. Saprobes

A

Hookworms and threadworms usually enter the body by penetrating into the skin. a. True b. False

A

In temperate zones, pinworms are the most common helminth infection. a. True b. False

A

In the Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle, after eggs are ingested, the next stage in the life cycle that must occur before a mature adult can live in the host's intestine is called the: a. Liver-lung migration b. Diagnostic stage c. Method of infection d. Infective stage

A

Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of: a. Helminths b. Algae c. Protozoa d. Fungi

A

Local city water supplies have been sources of parasitic infections. The most common organisms implicated in these events include: a. Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia b. Trypanosoma brucei gambience and Entamoeba histolytica c. Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica d. Giardia lamblia and Toxoplasma gondii

A

Oral thrush is caused by: a. Candida albicans. b. Cryptococcus neoformans. c. Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci. d. Malassezia furfur. e. None of the choices are correct.

A

Parasitic helminths have the following characteristics, except: a. They have developmental forms that include cysts. b. They include tapeworms. c. They have a definitive host where the adult form lives. d. They include roundworms. e. They are multicellular animals.

A

The Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote: a. Is the intracellular, dividing form that can be found in macrophages or heart muscle b. Is the non-dividing form found in the rejuviid bug c. Has a characteristic "C" shape d. None of the above

A

The host in which the parasite reaches sexual or reproductive maturity is referred to as a(n): a. Definitive host b. Transport host c. Intermediate host d. Reservoir host

A

The infective form in the Fasciola hepatica life cycle is the: a. Metacercaria b. Redia c. Eggs d. Sporocyst

A

The larval forms of certain Taenia species, which typically infest muscles of mammalian intermediate hosts are also called: a. Cysticerci b. Eggs c. Merozoites d. Amastigotes e. Proglottids

A

The nematode infection that is acquired by ingesting a Cyclops (water flea) is: a. Dracunculus medinensis b. Enterobius vermicularis c. Trichinella spiralis d. Necator americanus

A

The terms used for the four general types of fungal infection include the following, except: a. Bloodborne b. Subcutaneous c. Superficial d. Cutaneous e. Systemic

A

What antifungal drug inhibits cell division of the fungus? a. Griseofulvin b. Ketoconazole (Nizoral) c. Amphotericin B d. Terbinafine (Lamisil) e. Fluconazole

A

Which is mismatched? a. Echinococcus granulosus - poultry b. Taenia solium - pork c. Anisakis - fish d. Taenia saginata - beef e. Diphyllobrothrium latum - fish

A

Which of the follow disease affects fetus development if pregnant women contract the disease for the first time during pregnancy? a. Toxoplasmosis b. African sleeping sickness c. Giardiasis d. malaria

A

Which of the following is acquired when amoebas are forced into human nasal passages during swimming? a. Naegleria fowleri b. Entamoeba histolytica c. Balantidium coli d. Toxoplasma gondii e. Giardia lamblia

A

Which of the following tapeworm infections is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency macrocytic anemia? a. Diphyllobothrium latum b. Taenia solium c. Hymenolepis nana d. Taenia saginata

A

A person carrying one gene for sickle-cell hemoglobin will be resistant to Plasmodium infection. a. True b. False

A

Acanthamoeba differs from Naegleria fowleri in that only Acanthamoeba a. Enters typically through broken skin or the conjunctiva b. Is the cause of primary amebic meningoencephalitis c. Enters through the nasal mucosa d. Is a free-living ameba of fresh waters e. Is acquired by swimming in contaminated water

A

African sleeping sickness is caused by a. Trypanosoma brucei. b. Isospora belli. c. Leishmania brasiliensis. d. Trypanosoma cruzi. e. Plasmodium falciparum.

A

All fungi are heterotrophic and can break their substrates down by secreting enzymes a. True b. False

A

This organism commonly contaminates grains, corn, and peanuts, and produces a potent mycotoxin called aflatoxin: a. Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci b. Rhizopus species c. Aspergillus flavus d. Geotrichum candidum e. Fusarium species

C

Which is incorrect about malaria? a. Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human. b. Trophozoites develop in RBCs. c. Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells. d. The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites. e. None of the choices are correct.

C

Which of the following causes Chagas' disease? a. Trypanosoma brucei gambience b. Leishmania donovani c. Trypanosoma cruzi d. Leishmania braziliensis

C

Which of the following disease is transmitted via tsetse fly bites? a. Chagas' disease b. Giardiasis c. African sleeping sickness d. Leishmaniasis

C

Which of the following infections are not diagnosed by finding eggs or lava in fecal specimens? a. Necator spp. b. Ascaris lumbricoides c. Trichinella spiralis d. Trichuris trichiura

C

You have flown to a sub-tropical climate on a medical mission to help treat parasitic infections in an area of poor sanitation. Many of the individuals have been infected by a helminth, capable of exiting the host through the nose, mouth and anus. You have identified the white creamy worms as: a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Ancyclostoma duodenale c. Anisakis marina d. Ancylostoma canium

A

Which of the following parasitic organisms is considered to be a sexually transmitted disease: a. Trypanosoma cruzi b. Dientamoeba fragilis c. Trichomonas vaginalis d. Leishmania braziliensis

C

You may find _____ inside human red blood cells and _____ outside human red blood cells. a. Plasmodium merozoites, Wuchereria microfilariae b. Wuchereria adults, Plasmodium merozoites c. Wuchereria microfilariae, Plasmodium cysts d. Wuchereria microfilariae, Plasmodium merozoites

A

Zoonosis is a term used to describe humans' relationship with a(n): a. Accidental parasite b. Ectoparasite c. Endoparasite d. Facultative parasite

A

The adult forms of ____ and ____ can be found paired in blood vessels in liver sinuses a. Schistosoma haematobium is the only blood fluke found in the liver b. Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum c. Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma japonicum d. Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium

B

The definitive host for Echinococcus granulosus is a: a. Cow b. Dog c. Human d. Sheep

B

The diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis infection is accomplished by observing: a. Eggs in feces b. Eggs recovered from the perianal region c. Larva in feces d. Trophozoites in feces

B

The following protozoan discovered in a patient's feces are: a. Dientamoeba fragilis cysts b. Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite c. Entamoeba hystolytica cysts d. Entamoeba hystolytica trophozoites

B

The routes of entry for most fungi into the body are: a. Urinary and reproductive b. Respiratory and cutaneous c. Blood and wounds d. Digestive and respiratory e. None of the choices are correct

B

The trematode/fluke digestive system is characterized by all of the following except: a. An oral cavity that opens in the center of the oral sucker b. An anal opening, through which soluble waste is released c. A metabolically active body surface that can absorb nutrients d. A metabolically active body surface that can release soluble waste product

B

There are more antibiotics available to treat eukaryotic parasite infection compare to that of bacteria infection because eukaryotic parasite belong to same domain as human. a. True b. False

B

Thermal dimorphism is associated with opportunistic fungi and never seen in true fungal pathogens a. True b. False

B

Toxoplasma gondii can infect most mammals but can only reproduce in: a. Pigs b. Cats c. Humans d. Cattle

B

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by: a. Trypanosoma brucei gambience b. Leishmania donovani c. Trypanosoma cruzi d. Leishmania braziliensis e. Leishmania braziliensis

B

Toxoplasmosis includes all the following, except: a. Immunocompromised patients often develop a fatal, disseminated infection. b. Ingesting or inhaling oocysts from infected cats or cat feces. c. Intrauterine infectious are generally mild with very little damage to fetal tissues. d. Ingesting pseudocysts from contaminated raw or undercooked meat. e. Tachyzoites can cross the placenta.

C

What do zygospores, ascospores, and basidiospores have in common? a. They are found only in molds b. They are enclosed in a sac c. They are sexual spores d. They are types of conidia e. All of the above

C

Which animals serve as intermediate hosts for human schistosomes? a. Humans b. Reduviid bugs c. Snails d. Fish e. Mosquitoes

C

Amphotericin B, nystatin, and the imidazoles are all: a. Culture media supplements for fungi b. Fungal enzymes c. Antifungal drugs d. Mycotoxins e. None of the above

C

Closed fecal sanitation systems had directly led to the reduction of all of the following nematode infections except: a. Strongyloidiasis b. Giardiasis c. Elephantiasis d. Ascariasis

C

During the general life cycle of hermaphroditic flukes, the larval stage leaving the snail intermediate host is: a. The miracidium b. The sporocyst c. The cercaria d. The metacercaria

C

Human asymptomatic carriers are common in: a. Elephantiasis. b. Balantidiasis. c. Amebiasis and trichomoniasis. d. Cryptosporidiosis and malaria. e. Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.

C

Male schistomsomas have a ventral groove called the ____ in which females reside for maturation: a. Ventral sucker b. Gastrointestinal canal c. Gynecophoral canal d. Ventral canal

C

Outbreaks of diarrhea have been caused by a parasite that has been associated with raspberries, strawberries, herbs, and baby lettuces. The most likely parasite is: a. Cryptosporidium parvum b. Toxoplasma gondii c. Cyclospora cayetanensis d. Giardia lamblia

C

The following image is ______________ which may be found in ___________ of patient. a. Giardia lamblia trophozoites, stomach b. Giardia lamblia cyst, small intestine c. Giardia lamblia trophozoite, small intestine d. Giardia lamblia cysts, liver

C

The sexually mature life cycle stage of helminths occurs in the: a. Secondary host b. Intermediate host c. Definitive host d. Transport host

C

Which parasite is carried by Cyclops, an arthropod commonly found in still water? a. Toxoplasma gondii b. Fasciola hepatica c. Dracunculus medinesis d. Schistosoma mansoni e. Taenia saginata

C

All of the following are dimorphic, true fungal pathogens, except: a. Paracoccidioides. b. Coccidioides. c. Blastomyces. d. Candida. e. Histoplasma.

D

All of the following are helminths, except: a. Tapeworms b. Pinworms c. Flukes d. Trypanosomes e. Roundworms

D

All of the following can be transmitted by drinking contaminated water, except a. Cyclosporiasis. b. Giardiasis. c. Cryptosporidiosis. d. Babesiosis. e. Balantidiasis.

D

Amebiasis symptoms include a. Chills, fever, and sweating. b. Sore throat, low-grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes. c. Urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. d. Bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. e. Fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain.

D

An animal that harbors a parasite that can also infect humans is referred to as a(n): a. Definitive host b. Transport host c. Intermediate host d. Reservoir host

D

Amebiasis is primarily a disease of the: a. Conjunctiva of the eye. b. Lung tissue. c. Intestines and often the liver. d. Skin. e. Brain and meninges.

C

1. A 10-year-old boy with symptoms of meningitis and a history of swimming in his farm pond was brought to the hospital emergency department. Examination of his CSF revealed motile amoeba measuring 12 µm in diameter. The most likely parasite is: a. Acanthamoeba spp. Trophozoites b. Naeglaria fowleri trophozoites c. Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites d. Endolimax nana trophozoites

B

African sleeping sickness is caused by a. Isospora belli. b. Trypanosoma brucei. c. Leishmania brasiliensis. d. Plasmodium falciparum. e. Trypanosoma cruzi.

B

All of the following are correct about helminths, except: a. As parasites, their reproductive organs are their most developed organs b. They generally make only a few eggs per day c. Their eggs and larvae are vulnerable to heat d. Tapeworms and pinworms are two examples e. They are not all parasites, although some are

B

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction EXCEPT: a. Multiple Fission b. Sporogony c. Multiple Fission d. Schizogony

B

Amphotericin B is an over-the-counter drug to treat athlete's foot. a. True b. False

B

Boiling will not kill Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water. a. True b. False

B

Chagas disease is treated with chloroquine. a. True b. False

B

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include: a. It is a dermatophyte. b. It grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat guano. c. It is a yeast with a capsule. d. It grows in dry, arid soil. e. None of the choices are correct.

B

Chiropractic doctors are not required to report patients with malaria. Only primary care physicians do. a. True b. False

B

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of: a. Algae b. Fungi c. Bacteria d. Protozoa e. All of the above

B

Cryptococcus neoformans has the following characteristics, except: a. It usually enters body by inhalation. b. It is commonly found in the human mouth, intestines, and genitalia. c. It can be found in high numbers in soil containing pigeon droppings. d. It is an encapsulated yeast. e. It primarily infects patients with AIDS, cancer, and diabetes.

B

Elephantiasis is a clinical symptom associated with: a. Loa loa b. Wuchereria bancrofti c. Onchocerca volvulus d. Strongyloides stercoralis

B

Enterobius vermicularis is: a. Often fatal in heavy infestations. b. An intestinal worm that easily contaminates fingers and fomites. c. Common only to the tropics and subtropics. d. A whipworm e. All of the choices are correct.

B

Fasciola hepatica is a: a. Lung fluke b. Liver fluke c. Blood fluke d. Filarial worm e. Roundworm

B

Ground itch is caused by: a. Hemoflagellates in the bloodstream which induce a hypersensitivity reaction b. The larvae of hookworms in the epidermis that may die when too large c. The release of Plasmodium sporozoites by the Anopheles mosquito at the bite site d. None of the above

B

If you discover following structure in blood smear, the patient may suffer ___ infection. a. Babesia microti b. Plasmodium falciparum c. Trichomonas vaginalis d. Cyclospora cayetanensis

B

If you discover following structure in blood smear, the patient may suffer ___ infection. a. Plasmodium falciparum b. Babesia microti c. Giardia lamblia d. Toxoplasma gondii

B

If you see the following microorganisms in patient's skeletal muscle, the patient suffers __________ infection. a. Enterobius vermicularis b. Trichinella spiralis c. Trichuris trichuria d. Anisakis marina

B

Plasmodium species are hemoflagellates. a. True b. False

B

Sheep liver rot disease is caused by: a. Clonorchis sinensis b. Faciola hepatica c. Paragonimus westernani d. Facioplopsis buski

B

What specific challenge does Trypanosoma brucei present to the immune system? a. It specifically attacks B lymphocytes preventing activation and antibody production b. It frequently changes its antigens, staying one step ahead of the host's antibody response c. Its antigens are not recognized by B and T lymphocytes so these host defense cells don't respond to the infection d. It specifically attacks T lymphocytes preventing their activation and crippling the cell-mediated immune response

B

Which cells are more likely to be associated with destroying parasitic worm infection? a. Neutrophils b. Eosinophile c. Macrophages d. Basophils

B

Which of the following disease is transmitted via contaminated water? a. Chagas' disease b. Giardiasi c. African sleeping sickness d. Leishmaniasis

B

Which of the following parasitic diseases can cause blindness? a. Brugia malayi b. Onchocerca volvulus c. Giardia lamblia d. Wuchereria bancrofti

B

Which of the following parasitic diseases is a zoonosis? a. Ascaris lumbricoides b. Trichinella spiralis c. Dracunculus medinensis d. Strongyloides stercoralis

B

Which of the following relationships is mismatched? a. T. brucei gambiense and Gambian sleeping sickness b. T. brucei rhodesiense and West African sleeping sickness c. Teania solium and swine d. Black flies and Onchocera volvulus e. Tsetse fly and African sleeping sickness

B

Which of the following relationships is mismatched? a. Teania solium and swine b. T. brucei rhodesiense and West African sleeping sickness c. T. brucei gambiense and Gambian sleeping sickness d. Tsetse fly and African sleeping sickness e. Black flies and Onchocera volvulus

B

A mold is observed to have asexual conidia, sexual spores within a sac, and septate hyphae. It is most likely classified in the: a. Deuteromycota b. Zygomycota c. Ascomycota d. Basidiomycota e. Fungi imperfecti

C

All following protozoan infect cardiovascular, lymphatic systems EXCEPT: a. Plasmodium species. b. Trypanosoma species c. Cyclospora species d. Leishmania species

C

All of the following pertain to Candida albicans, except: a. Small numbers found in the mouth, intestines, genitalia, and skin. b. Persistent moist skin influences infection. c. It has a large capsule. d. It is an opportunistic yeast. e. Infections often arise from an endogenous source.

C

Anna recently learned that she is pregnant and is visiting her doctor for her first prenatal visit. Among the many pieces of advice offered to ensure a safe pregnancy, the doctor specifically told Anna to avoid eating any rare meats, including steaks and roast beef, and to avoid changing her cat's litter box. These words of caution were primarily directed at avoiding contact with: a. Cryptosporidium b. Taenia saginata c. E. coli O157:H7 d. Toxoplasma gondii

D

Aspergillosis includes all of the following, except: a. A pneumonia that disseminates to the brain. b. Most cases are due to A. fumigatus. c. Life-threatening infections in AIDS, leukemia, and transplant patients. d. There are no effective drugs to treat the infection. e. Noninvasive infections of the eyelids, sinuses, conjunctiva, and ear canals.

D

Concomitant infection refers to: a. Chronic infection involve more than one organs b. Infection with latent stage c. Infection treated with more than one antibiotics d. One individual infected with more than one pathogens during the same time period

D

Most patients with toxoplasmosis that are not immunocompromised experience: a. Fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. b. Urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. c. Bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. d. Sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes. e. Chills, fever, and sweating.

D

River blindness is: a. Caused by a blood fluke b. Transmitted by mosquito vector c. Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti d. A disease in which worms can invade the eyes e. All of the choices are correct

D

Schistosoma and Plasmodium species both require: a. Direct sexual contact for transmission b. Transmission by insect vectors c. Immunocompromised hosts d. Two hosts to complete their life cycle and reproduce

D

Strongyloides stercoralis: a. Rarely causes chronic infection b. Is ingested with food and does not migrate out of the intestine. c. Is a tapeworm. d. Can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients. e. All of the choices are correct.

D

Strongyloides stercoralis: a. Rarely causes chronic infection. b. Is ingested with food and does not migrate out of the intestine. c. Is a tapeworm. d. Can cause a fatal disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients. e. All of the choices are correct.

D

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis include: a. A circular rash that appears on the trunk and spreads to the extremities. b. Loss of hair. c. A red skin papule that spreads to a large ulcer. d. Headache, sweating, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. e. None of the choices are correct.

D

The first stage of the clinical course of Trypanosoma brucei (African Sleeping Disease) is characterized by: a. Migration of the parasite along olfactory nerves leading to inflammation and infection of the brain b. Lung invasion as a result of erosion of liver abscesses c. Migration of the parasite along olfactory nerves leading to inflammation and infection of the brain d. The presence of the parasite in peripheral circulation, but not yet in the central nervous system (CNS)

D

The following is TRUE regarding Dientoamoeba fragilis: a. No observable flagella but is classified as a flagellate b. The trophozoite has two nuclei connected by a division spindle filament c. Moves by means of pseudopodia when seen in feces d. All of the above are true

D

The free-living amoeba associated with meningitis is: a. Entamoeba coli b. Dientamoeba fragilis c. Entamoeba histolytica d. Naegleria fowleri

D

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients: a. Cryptococcus neoformans b. Malassezia furfur c. Candida albicans d. Pneumocystis jirovecii. e. None of the choices are correct

D

Transmission of which organism(s) can occur by ingestion of undercooked meat? a. Trichuris trichuria b. Toxoplasma gondii c. Trichinella spiralis d. Answers 2 and 3 (B and C).

D

Trichinella spiralis is a/an ________ that invades the ________. a. Flagellate, large intestine b. Tapeworm, lungs c. Ameba, intestine d. Roundworm, intestine and muscle e. Flatworm, heart

D

Which is not correct about trichinellosis? a. It can be transmitted by eating bear meat. b. It can be transmitted by eating undercooked pork. c. The first symptoms mimic influenza. d. Numerous cases occur each year in the U.S. e. A cure is not available once the larvae have encysted in muscles.

D

Which of the following disease is transmitted via mosquito bites? a. Cryptosporidiosis b. African sleeping sickness c. Giardiasis d. Malaria

D

Which of the following parasites must be swallowed twice by the human host, first as an egg and later as a larva? a. Schistosoma mansoni b. Taenia saginata c. Enterobius vermicularis d. Ascaris lumbricoides e. Necatur americanus

D

Which of the following regarding the structure/ morphology of Trichomonas vaginalis is TRUE. a. Possesses a sucking disk concavity on the ventral side to assist with attachment to the mucosa. b. Often classified as a pseudocyst due to the fact that it possesses no observables flagella. c. The trophozoite has two nuclei connected by a division spindle filament. d. Can be identified by it's 4 anterior flagella and fifth flagellum that is incorporated within the undulating membrane

D

Your patient is experiencing abdominal discomfort approximately 4 weeks after returning from a vacation to the sub-tropics. You obtain a specimen to be examined in the laboratory and discover what appears to be a protozoan parasite with ingested red blood cells within the cytoplasm. It is likely that your patient has been infected by: a. The aggressive hemoflagellate, Plasmodium falciparum which will ingests old and immature red blood cells. b. A hookworm, which will puncture small capillaries and feed on blood. c. Cysts of Entoamoeba histolytica which voraciously feed on red blood cells. (not cysts but trophozytes ingest the red bood cells) d. None of the above are correct.

D

A 42-year-old male construction worker in southern Arizona developed a cold-like illness, experiencing a chronic cough, chest pain, headaches, and general fatigue. When the symptoms did not abate after several weeks, he visited his physician who ordered microscopic examination and culture of his sputum specimen. Direct microscopic exam demonstrated the presence of large spherule structures full of endsospores. The specimen was cultured at both 25 oC and 37 oC. The plate incubated at 25 oC grew tan colonies with a fluffy white center. Examination of these colonies microscopically showed branching septate hyphae. As the culture matured, the hyphae fragmented into arthrospores. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Sporotrichosis b. Histoplasmosis c. Blastomycosis d. Candidiasis e. Coccidioidomycosis

E

Ascaris lumbricoides: a. Larvae penetrate into lymphatics and capillaries around intestines. b. Is an intestinal roundworm. c. Larvae migrate to the pharynx, get swallowed, and return to intestines to mature. d. Spreads to humans by ingestion of Ascaris eggs in food. e. All of the choices are correct.

E

Candidiasis includes: a. Skin and nail infections. b. Intertriginous infection of skin sites. c. Oral cavity and esophageal infections. d. Vulvovaginal infection. e. All of the choices are correct.

E

Chagas disease involves transmission of the pathogen by the: a. Hard-bodied tick. b. Anopheles mosquito. c. Tsetse fly. d. Phlebotomine (sand) fly. e. Reduviid, "kissing," bug.

E

Cryptococcosis can include: a. Septicemia b. Pulmonary infection c. Meningitis d. Bone infection e. All of the choices are correct

E

Dermatophytoses are: a. Often time-consuming to eradicate completely. b. Also called tineas. c. Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. d. Also called ringworm. e. All of the choices are correct

E

Elephantiasis includes all of the following, except: a. It is caused by filarial nematodes b. Larval infestation causes blockage of main lymphatic channels c. Microfilariae are in the blood d. Severe edema occurs in the extremities and scrotum e. The parasitic helminth is transmitted by black fly vectors

E

Entamoeba histolytica is acquired by: a. Sexual contact. b. Contaminated food. c. Contaminated water. d. Ingestion of cysts of the pathogen. e. All of the choices are correct.

E

Most patients with toxoplasmosis that are not immunocompromised experience: a. Urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge. b. Chills, fever, and sweating. c. Fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain. d. Bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. e. Sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

E

Neglected Tropical Diseases are: a. Infecting significant amount of people b. Difficult to treat and prevent c. Demonstrating severe symptom d. Primarily in tropical areas e. All of the above

E

Parasitic helminths have the following characteristics, except: a. They include tapeworms b. They have a definitive host where the adult form lives c. They are multicellular animals d. They include roundworms e. They have developmental forms that include cysts

E

Schistosomiasis involves: a. A blood fluke b. Cercariae which penetrate hair follicles and pass to the blood and then the liver c. Snails which enable development of the parasite into cercaria d. A life cycle stage which continues when eggs from humans enter water and develop into miracidia e. All of the choices are correct

E

The ability of a fungus to grow as a yeast or a mold depending on its environmental temperature is called: a. Fungal virulence b. Parasitism c. Dermatophytes d. Opportunistic fungi e. Dimorphism

E

The large intestines of pigs are the primary reservoir of the pathogen that causes: a. Amebiasis and trichomoniasis. b. Cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis. c. Trypanosomiasis leishmaniasis. d. Amebic meningoencephalitis. e. Balantidiasis.

E

Trichinellosis includes all the following, except: a. The first symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, fever, and pain. b. Humans are infected by ingesting encysted larvae. c. The larvae migrate from intestines to blood and various body tissues. d. Infection is associated with ingestion of undercooked pork or bear meat. e. All of the choices are correct.

E

Which of the following are likely to predispose patients to fungal infections? a. Malnutrition b. Cancer c. AIDS d. Tuberculosis e. All of the choices are correct

E

Which of the following is not an effective way to minimize human contact with parasitic helminths? a. Proper sewage disposal b. Avoiding human feces as fertilizer c. Freezing foods d. Thoroughly cooking foods e. These are all effective ways

E

While on a backpacking trip in Maine, Julie and her friends obtained their drinking water from several different pristine streams, adding one or two drops of bleach to ensure its safety. Several days later Julie began experiencing abdominal distress, specifically cramping, fatty diarrhea, and flatulence. When it didn't clear up within several days, Julie visited her doctor. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of Julie's symptoms? a. E. coli O157:H7 b. Toxoplasma gondii c. Schistosoma mansoni d. Entamoeba histolytica e. Giardia intestinalis

E