Part 5: True or False
A psychoanalyst is a clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional with extensive training in Freud's psychoanalytic method of psychotherapy.
True
Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth
True
According to Adler's theory, striving for superiority arises from universal feelings of inferiority that are experienced during infancy and childhood, when the child is helpless and dependent on others.
True
B. E Skinner was the American behavioral psychologist who systematically used reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior, and emphasized studying the relationship between environmental factors and observable behavior.
True
Biological psychology focuses on the physical bases of behavior, including the brain and the rest of the nervous system, the endocrine system, the immune system, and genetics.
True
Carl Jung was the Swiss psychiatrist who broke with Freud to develop his own psychoanalytic theory of personality, which stressed striving toward psychological harmony and included the key ideas of the collective unconscious and archetypes.
True
Evolutionary psychology refers to the application of the principles of evolution, including natural selection, to explain psychological processes and phenomena.
True
Health psychology focuses on the role of psychological factors in health, illness, medical treatment, and health-related behaviors.
True
Horney used the term womb envy to describe the envy that men feel about women's capacity to bear children.
True
In Rogers's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others is called conditional positive regard.
True
In psychoanalytic theory, repression refers to the unconscious exclusion of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from conscious awareness; the most fundamental ego defense mechanism.
True
Observable behavior that can be objectively measured and verified is called overt behavior.
True
Observational learning is the basis for Bandura's theory, whereby people learn by watching and then imitating behavior.
True
Psychoanalysis is a personality theory and form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior.
True
Psychologists who explore how individuals are affected by people and situations and what factors influence conformity, obedience, persuasion, interpersonal attraction, and other related phenomena work in a specialty area called social psychology.
True
School psychology focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual and social development of children in school.
True
The cognitive perspective stresses the important role of mental processes in how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, and think
True
The evolutionary perspective analyzes behavior in terms of how it increases a species' chance of surviving and reproducing; it has been applied to many different areas of psychology, including human relationships, mate selection, eating behavior, and emotional responses
True
The reality principle refers to the awareness of environmental demands and the capacity to accommodate them by postponing gratification until the appropriate time or circumstances exist.
True
The term neo-Freudians was given to the early followers of Freud who developed their own theories yet still recognized the importance of many of Freud's basic notions, such as the influence of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences.
True
William James was a Harvard professor who was instrumental in establishing psychology in the United States and whose ideas became the basis for the psychological school called functionalism.
True
Counseling psychology is concerned with the relationship between people and work, and it includes the study of job satisfaction, worker productivity, personnel selection, and the interaction between people and equipment.
False
In Freud's theory, Thanatos refers to the self-preservation, or life, instinct, reflected in the expression of basic psychological urges that perpetuate the existence of the individual as well as the species.
False
Industrial/organizational psychology aims to improve everyday functioning by helping people to cope more effectively with everyday problems and challenges.
False
Ivan Pavlov was an Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation and who founded psychoanalysis.
False
Mary Whiton Calkins was an American psychologist who published research on mental processes in animals and was the first woman in the United States to earn a doctorate in psychology.
False
Sigmund Freud was a Russian physiologist whose pioneering research on learning contributed to the development of behaviorism and who discovered the basic learning process by which we learn to associate stimuli.
False
The psychodynamic perspective focuses on the motivation of people to grow psychologically, the influence of interpersonal relationships on a person's self-concept, and the importance of choice and self-direction in striving to reach one's potential.
False