Passive and Active Transport

Facilitated Diffusion (some sugars use facilitated diffusion)

-Form of Passive Transport -Carrier proteins are in the cell membrane, and it carries the molecules across the cell membrane

Sodium Potassium Pump

Pumps sodium out of the cell and pumps potassium into the cell. Requires energy, therefore active transport.

Exocytosis

Taking things out of the cell (taking out wastes or products)

Examples of Passive Transport

-Diffusion (Oxygen and Carbon dioxide) -Osmosis (Water) -Facilitated Diffusion -Ion Channels

Endocytosis

-Endo means bringing in to -Bringing things into the cell (bringing good things in)

Things required in Active Transport

-Involve carrier proteins (There are membrane pumps) -Moving substances against their concentration gradient -Requires energy ATP -Important in maintaining ion concentration in the cytosol and extra cellular fluid

Characteristics of Active Transport

-Membrane Pumps that require ATP -Endocytosis -exocytosis

Membrane Pumps

-Move materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration -The ATP changes the shape of the pump to allow it to move materials from low concentration to a higher concentration

Two types of Endocytosis

-Pinocytosis- Bringing fluids into the cell (drinking) -Phagocytosis- Bringing in solid particles into the cell (eating)

Ion Channels

-Proteins that act like tunnels and go across the whole cell membrane, that are a passageway that ions like sodium and potassium can cross -Each channel is specific to certain ions, for instance, some channels may only allow hydrogen and calcium, but not another ion through -let things in and out of the cell

Characteristics of Endocytosis

-Requires Energy -Moves large substances into the cell -Cell Products -Pinocytosis- "Cell Drinking" -Phagocytosis- "Cell Eating" -The plasma membrane engulfs the particle

Characteristics of Exocytosis

-Requires Energy -Moves large substances out of the cell -Cell waste or cell products -The waste or product is in a vesicle in the cell that (the vesicle wall) fuses with the cell membrane and then pumps out the waste or the product

Active Transport

-Requires Energy to move substances against their concentration gradient. From low concentration to high concentration -Uses a Membrane Protein

Passive Transport

-Substances crossing a cell membrane without any energy, like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen until equilibrium is reached from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Carrier Proteins

-Used in Facilitated diffusion -Require no energy -Change shape when the molecules attach to them, that it is moving across the membrane -Can move the molecules from the outside to the inside of the cell, or the inside to the outside of the cell -Across the entire lipid bilayer