PATH 370- Quiz 3

An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?

Left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload.

Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?

Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

antibiotics

Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

cardiac tamponade

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

decreasing myocardial oxygen demands

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high cardiac output

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

hypotension

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

peripheral pooling of blood

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

vasodilation

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

128/82

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?

Crystalloids

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

Edema

A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic.

False

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

False

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease.

False

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.

Prinzmetal variant

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Septic

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100?

Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

True

The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.

True

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

hypertensive crisis

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

mitral regurgitation.

Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

nitric oxide

The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in

non-Hispanic black adults

Hypertension is closely linked to

obstructive sleep apnea

An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of

premature ventricular complexes

First-degree heart block is characterized by

prolonged PR interval

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

reduce cardiac output

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

reduced cardiac output

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

reentry mechanisms

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

renin

Cor pulmonale refers to

right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

secondary

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

syncope

Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in

systemic vascular resistance

Pulse pressure is defined as

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure