PATH 370: w

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is anaplasia.dysplasia.metaplasia.hyperplasia.

dysplasia

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is Rb. P53. DCC. APC.

p53

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including A. Burkitt lymphoma. B. Hodgkin's lymphoma. C. pancreatic cancer. D. hepatic cancer.

A. Burkitt lymphoma At least three retroviruses are thought to be causative factors in some human cancers: HIV Kaposi sarcoma, Epstein-Barr in Burkitt lymphoma, and human T-lymphocyte type I in T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. The other answer options are not associated with a retrovirus.

Carbon monoxide injures cells by A. destruction of cellular membranes. B. reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin. C. promotion of free radicals. D. crystallization of cellular organelles.

B. reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin preventing the red blood cell from carrying adequate oxygen, leading to hypoxic injury. Other chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride promote free radicals, which injure cells and destroy cellular membranes. Crystallization of cellular organelles is caused by hypothermia.

After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will A. selectively kill tumor cells. B. stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer. C. have minimal side effects. D. kill rapidly dividing cells.

D. kill rapidly dividing cells. Chemotherapy kills rapidly dividing cells. Chemotherapy does not selectively kill tumor cells, but affects all rapidly dividing cells. Chemotherapy has many damaging side effects. Immunotherapy uses the power of the immune system and has the potential for targeting cancer cells.

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct? A. "Lung cancer is always fatal." B. "Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate." C. "Lung cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early." D. "Lung cancer death rate has decreased significantly, as with all other cancers."

B. "Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate." Lung cancer has a 15% survival rate. Lung cancer is not always fatal, but is not highly curable at any stage of diagnosis. The death rate from lung cancer has increased dramatically.

Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is Group of answer choiceshigh-fat diet.urban pollutants.stressful lifestyle.cigarette smoking.

cigarette smoking

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is A. decreased functional reserve. B. diseased function. C. programmed senescence. D. senility.

A. decreased functional reserve. All body systems show age-related changes that can be generally described as a decrease in functional reserve; aging leads to inability to adapt to (internal and external) environmental changes. Not all effects of aging are considered disease; some are considered a normal part of aging. Programmed senescence is currently only a theory of aging that states cells have a preprogrammed number of cell divisions before they will die. Senility is an outdated term used to describe the cognitive changes associated with dementia; dementia is a disease and is not a normal part of aging.