patho ch 15
In most patients, the first sign of myasthenia gravis involves
Diplopia and ptosis
ALS affects motor and sensation
False
All cranial nerves have motor and sensory functions
False
Clostridium botulinum AKA botox destroys acetylcholine receptors
False
Multiple sclerosis can causes respiratory failure
False
Myasthenia gravis affects motor and sensation
False
Parkinson's disease is easily diagnosed
False
There is a cure for Parkinson disease
False
All of the following are seen in upper motor neuron lesions/diseases except
Fascinations
With what are lower motor neuron lesions/diseases most often associated from a clinical presentation
Flaccidity
A deficiency of which of the following may contribute to loss of motor function in parkinsons
Dopamine
Besides myasthenia gravis, what other degenerative diseases have diplopia
-MS
Myasthenia gravis is
A disease where nerves impulses do not reach the muscle
What disease is characterized by muscle atrophy resulting in paralysis and death
ALS or Lou Gehrig Disease
What is multiple sclerosis
Autoimmune disorder
Define bradykinesia
Abnormally slow movements
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which
Acetylcholine receptors are destroyed
_______ neurons relay sensory input to CNS while ________ neurons relay motor output from the CNS
Afferent and efferent
A patient is taking long term corticosteroids for myasthenia gravis. What teaching is most important
Avoid large crowds and people who are ill
What sign is consistent with Guillain
Barre syndrome-Sudden onset of weakness in the legs
Which of the following describes multiple sclerosis best
CNS myelin sheaths demyelinate
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune diseases that
Causes the immune system to attack the nerve cells
Where are the upper motor neurons located at
Cerebrum and brainstem
What happens when the myelin sheath degenerates in a person with multiple sclerosis
Communication to muscles slows down
Which type of medication is used to treat acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis
Corticosteroids
What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Degenerative of upper and lower motor neurons
Hypomimia is described as
Diminished facial movement causing lack of facial expression
ALS is potentially caused by excessive
Glutamate
Dysfunction in which of the following nerves would cause anosmia
I
Which assessment finding would the nurse identify as a late manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Impairment of respiratory muscles
What is not a common symptom of Parkinson disease
Loss of motor tone
Dyskinesia
Loss of voluntary movement
Where does decussation of neurons take place
Medulla oblongata
All the following disorders affect the PNS except
Multiple sclerosis
Signs and symptoms of parkinsons include all of the following except
Muscular excitement
Where do motor neurons attach to the muscle
Neuromuscular junctions
Is there a cure for multiple sclerosis
No
What cure is available for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No cure
All the following are neurological autoimmune disorders except
Parkinson's
Which is not a stage of multiple sclerosis
Relapsing/remitting static
Parkinson disease causes muscles to become so _______ that patients lose muscular capacity
Rigid
The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is
Risk for aspiration
You learn the patient you will be caring for has Guillain barre syndrome. As a nurse, you know this disease presents with
Signs and symptoms that are symmetrical, ascending, start in the lower extremity
What does hypophonia mean
Soft, low voice when speaking
What symptoms does ALS cause
Stiff muscles and muscles twitching
What is anosmia
The inability to smell
ALS can cause respiratory failure
True
ALS causes muscle atrophy
True
Guillian barre causes ascending paralysis
True
In MS, autoantibodies attack myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord
True
In guillian barre, autoantibodies attack peripheral nerve myelin sheath
True
In myasthenia gravis, autoantibodies attack the neuromuscular junction and destroy acetylcholine receptors
True
Injury to lower motor neurons means an absence of Babinski sign
True
Myasthenia gravis can cause respiratory failure
True
Parkinson's disease effects your ability to move
True
Spinal nerves have motor and sensory functions
True
The cause Guillain barre syndrome is unknown but usually follows what
Viral respiratory infection or gastroenteritis within 10 to 21 days
What are the symptoms of the disease and/or condition of multiple sclerosis
Vision loss, fatigue, and impaired coordination
What is a sign or symptom of myasthenia gravis
Weakness of neck muscles, Double vision/drooping eyelids, Difficulty speaking
