Patho Ch 4+ 5 Quiz Review

A pathologist is conducting an autopsy on a newly deceased patient. Upon examining the patient's heart, the pathologist finds an area of infarct in which the heart's normal proteins have been denatured and transformed from their normal gelatinous state into a firm, opaque substance. What is the name for this type of necrosis?

Coagulative necrosis

Which statement is true with regard to calcium?

Dystrophic calcification occurs in chronic tuberculosis

True or false: Calcification that occurs in undamaged normal tissues due to hypercalcemia is called dystrophic calcification

False

Ms. Smith is 45 years old and is complaining of heavy irregular menstrual bleeding. After performing an ultrasound and endometrial biopsy, you determine that her uterine lining has a massively increased number of cells lining the endometrium. What is the proper term for an abnormal increase in the number of cells?

Hyperplasia

Which of the following is NOT true of hyperkalemia?

It commonly occurs with alkalosis

True or false: Volatile acids, e.g., carbonic acid can be eliminated from the lungs as CO2

TRUE

Which of the following is true with hypocalcemia?

The hypocalcemia would cause muscle spasms, convulsions, and tetany - Hypocalcemia would result in increased secretion of Parathyroid Hormone PTH

A nine year old child has a bacterial GI infection with severe diarrhea, resulting in metabolic acidosis. Which of the following findings would NOT be expected to be seen in this child?

bicarbonate being secreted into the urine

Most immediate sign of somatic death

cessation of respiration and circulation

Hyposecretion of ADH causes

diabetes insipidus

Collection of blood between inner surface of skull and dura, patient may have a lucid period before losing consciousness

epidural hematoma

Wound that is longer than it is deep, usually produces significant external bleeding

incised wound

The largest percentage of body water is found in ___

intracellular fluid

Ragged, irregular tear or rip resulting when tensile strength of skin or tissue is exceeded

laceration

Which of the following is most likely to lead to atrophy of a tissue?

lack of regular hormonal stimulation to a tissue

Fourth stage after death, blue-purple discoloration of the skin over anatomically dependent low areas due to blood settling due to gravity

livor mortis

The cellular swelling that occurs when excess water enters an injured cell, eventually leading to loss of ATP production and progressive vacuolation is called:

oncosis

The most abundant cation inside the cell is

potassium

Hyperventilation due to an anxiety attack would most likely result in:

respiratory alkalosis due to decreased pCO2

Third stage after death, stiffening of muscles due to depletion of ATP

rigor mortis

Common clinical manifestations of hypokalemia include all of the following except:

skeletal muscle contractility is increased

Usually the seventh and final stage after death, when body tissues have degraded and decayed to the point of exposing the skeleton

skeletonization

Penetrating sharp-force injury that is deeper than it is long, may have minimal external bleeding despite copious internal bleeding

stab wound

If the blood pH were too high due to a metabolic condition, what change would you expect from the respiratory system?

the respiration rate would decrase

Metabolic alkalosis can result from which of the following?

vomiting

Which of the following are true about Atrial natriuretic hormone?

- ANH secretion results in decreased blood volume - ANH secretion results in reduced plasma sodium levels - ANH secretion results in decreased plasma volume

Which of the following could lead to hypoxia?

- drowning - cyanide poisoning - infectious injuries from microorganisms

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding aldosterone sectrion?

Aldosterone increases blood potassium levels