patho chapter 28

The gastrointestinal laboratory nurse is learning about small intestine secretions. Which explanation is most accurate?

"An extensive array of mucus-producing glands, called Brunner glands, is concentrated where contents from the stomach and secretions from the liver and pancreas enter the duodenum."

A student is studying the esophagus. Which statement made by this student to a faculty member is a correct one?

"The smooth muscle layers provide the peristaltic movements needed to move food along the length of the esophagus."

A client takes 650 mg of aspirin every 4 hours daily for reports of joint pain. Which statement should be included in the client's teaching plan?

"This medication can damage gastric mucosa."

Which statement is true concerning the digestion of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed.

Colonic microorganisms play a role in the synthesis of which vitamin?

K

A nurse is teaching a client about the difference between digestion and absorption. Which action should the nurse describe as absorption?

Moving nutrients from the external environment of the GI tract into the internal environment

An adult has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease, in which the function of the lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which consequence of this condition is most likely?

Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus.

While reviewing the colonic absorption and role of flora in the GI system, the instructor will stress that the large intestine contains:

a complex microbial system that contains hundreds of different species.

Which enzyme is found in the mouth and is the first to initiate the breakdown of starches?

amylase

A nurse is concerned about a client's continual use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Which problematic occurrence is the nurse concerned about?

damage is the gastric mucosa

A client asks the nurse what part of the brain regulates appetite. Which is the best response by the nurse?

hypothalamus

Digestion of starch begins in which structure?

mouth

An anatomy student explains that the funnel-shaped portion of the stomach that connects with the intestine is called which region?

pyloric region

A client reports chronic cramping, bloating, and diarrhea and is diagnosed with a deficiency in brush border enzymes within the small intestine. Which meal/snack, high in carbohydrates and protein, will likely exacerbate the client's signs and symptoms?

roast beef and baked potato

A client is admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of problems experienced with gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. The nurse anticipates the health care provider will further assess the:

small intestine

A nurse explains to her client that food is moved along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with intermittent contractions that mix the food and move it along. These movements are found in which organ?

small intestine

The results of a client's 24-hour stool specimen indicate 20 g or more of fat. The nurse would interpret this as:

steatorrhea

During a lecture about the function of the intestine related to food digestion, the faculty mentions that when the students consume foods high in acid, the intestines will:

stimulate the release of secretin, which then inhibits release of gastrin.

Which enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of protein?

trypsin and bile