patho chapter 40 prepu
When discussing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with students, the instructor will emphasize that these hormones are under the control of:
Anterior pituitary gland
A health care provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further laboratory/diagnostic assessment?
Hypothalamus
Which gland acts as a signal relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
Select the most accurate statement regarding measurements of urinary hormone.
Provide a better measure of hormone levels during a designated period.
Which physiologic process best exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?
The increase in prolactin secretion that occurs with more frequent breast-feeding
The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate?
The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate
what is thyroid storm caused by
insufficient treatment of hyperthyroidism or manipulation of gland during surgery (aspirin)
A middle-aged female client has been diagnosed with a thyroid condition. The nurse educates the client about the prescription and needed follow-up lab work, which will help regulate the dosage. The client asks, "Why do I not return to the clinic for weeks, since I am starting the medication tomorrow morning?" The nurse bases the answer on the knowledge that thyroid hormones:
may take days for the full effect to occur, based on the mechanism of action.
While reviewing the major actions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the faculty points out that in males this hormone is responsible for the:
sperm production.
A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?
"A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."
Which statements concerning endocrinology laboratory testing are true? Select all that apply.
-Endocrine tests are generally sensitive to storage requirements. -Client education regarding endocrine testing must include specific test requirements.
Which hormone is secreted based on a cyclic rather than a diurnal manner?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) performs which role in the functioning of the endocrine system?
Acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells
The nurse is assessing a client with thyrotoxicosis and the nurse is explaining how the thyroid gland is stimulated to release thyroid hormones. The nurse should describe what process?
Action of releasing hormones from hypothalamus
Hormones are usually divided into categories according to their structure. The release of epinephrine would be classified as:
Amines and amino acids
A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
When hormones act locally rather than being secreted into the bloodstream, their actions are termed:
Autocrine and paracrine
If glucagon binds to surface receptors on liver cells to send an intracellular message for glycogen breakdown, this process is known as which mechanism of action?
Cell surface receptors
What factor determines the classification of hormones into one of four categories?
Chemical structure
Which hormone requires a carrier protein for transport through the blood?
Cortisol
After having a very stressful day in pathophysiology class, the student knows that which hormone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress?
Cortisol, a glucocorticoid
The nurse is caring for a client who has hyperthyroidism. When evaluating the laboratory test results, which alteration does the nurse anticipate will be present?
Decrease in TSH
A client experiences an increase in cortisol as a result of Cushing disease. Which hormonal responses demonstrate the negative feedback mechanism?
Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
A client experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which hormonal response demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism?
Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
An adult client presents to the emergency department after an episode of syncope. Blood pressure is low and the pulse is thready and rapid. The client frequently voids large amounts of pale, clear urine. Lung sounds are clear and skin turgor is inelastic. Which endocrine disorder is the likely cause of these manifestations?
Diabetes insipidus
The vesicle-mediated pathway has a role in synthesis and release of which hormones? Select all that apply.
Dopamine Follicle-stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone
Which type of imaging is preferred to evaluate the bone density of a client with hyperparathyroidism?
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
A nurse examines the laboratory values of a client in heart failure. Which value indicates a compensatory hormone mechanism?
Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone
While discussing the regulation of hormone levels, the instructor gives an example of hormones regulated by feedback mechanisms. Which example of this regulation is best?
Following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.
Which physiologic process allows hormones to exert influence upon some cells and not others?
Hormone receptors
When hypofunction of an endocrine organ is suspected, which type of diagnostic test can be administered to measure and assess target gland response?
Hormone stimulation
An adult client is scheduled for testing of a suspected growth hormone (GH)-secreting tumor. Which result from the glucose suppression test would confirm the condition?
Increased GH secretion
The nurse is discussing positive feedback mechanisms. Which example best explains this mechanism?
Increased estradiol production causes increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production
Bound items
Insulin is unbound Glucocorticoids are bound Prolactin is unbound
What is an advantage of assessing hormone levels through collection of a 24-hour urine?
It does not require serum collection for an accurate reading.
What is the most common mechanism of hormone control?
Negative feedback
The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body?
Negative feedback loop
Which structure controls the functions of the greatest number of target glands and cells?
Pituitary gland
The nurse is educating a client with a newly diagnosed thyroid cancer. Which testing procedure should be reviewed because it allows good examination of the tissue structure and provides information about the tissue function as well?
Positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT)
A client receives steroids for several months to treat an inflammatory condition. Which action by the primary health care provider indicates an understanding of the negative feedback mechanism when the client no longer needs the medication?
Prescribing a tapering dose of the medication over weeks
Several hormones, including growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), are bound to and carried by which substance?
Proteins
A client has received an injection containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and is now being assessed for serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which type of diagnostic testing is this client undergoing?
Stimulation testing
A client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate?
The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system
non vesicle mediated pathways
androgens estrogens cortisol aldosterone
what are the s/s of thyroid storm
tachycardia, hyperthermia, heart failure, angina, agitation, restlessness, delirium
A client with many nonspecific complaints has been ordered a positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for evaluation of:
tumors located on the endocrine glands.
Which manifestation would a nurse expect when assessing a child with insufficient growth hormone (GH) secretion?
Rank below 10% on the growth chart
