Patho: Chapter 6 review

Which portion of the antibody is responsible for the biologic functions of antibodies? A. Epitope B. Fc portion C. Variable region D. Heavy chain

Fc portion The Fc portion is responsible for most of the functions of antibodies.

Self-antigens do not meet the requirements for immunogenicity because they lack which of the following? A. Quantity B. Foreignness C. Size D. Virulence

Foreignness

The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is: A. IgE B. IgM C. IgA D. IgG

IgM

A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup. The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth? A. IgG B. IgM C. IgD D. IgA

IgM IgM is synthesized early in neonatal life, and its synthesis may be increased as a response to infection in utero.

A patient has done research on monoclonal antibodies on the Internet. Which statement indicates a correct understanding? Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by: A. Bone marrow B. T lymphocytes C. Fetuses D. Laboratories

Laboratories Monoclonal antibodies are produced in the laboratory from one B cell that has been cloned; thus, the entire antibody is of the same class, specificity, and function.

Direct effects of antibodies include (select all that apply): A. Neutralization B. Agglutination C. Precipitation D. Phagocytosis E. Division

Neutralization Agglutination Precipitation Directly, antibodies can affect infectious agents or their toxic products by neutralization (inactivating or blocking the binding of antigen to receptors), agglutination (clumping insoluble particles that are in suspension), or precipitation (making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate). Indirectly, antibodies activate components of innate resistance, including complement and phagocytes. Antibodies are generally a mixed population of classes, specificities, and capacity to provide the functions listed above.

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both the secretory and systemic immune systems? A. Neutralization following antigen-antibody binding B. Timing of response C. Location of response D. Lymphocytic paths of migration

Neutralization following antigen-antibody binding

When a patient asks about secondary lymph organs, how should the nurse respond? Secondary lymph organs include (select all that apply): A. Bone marrow B. Peyer patches C. Appendix D. Liver E. Adenoids F. Spleen

Peyer patches Appendix Adenoids Spleen The secondary lymphoid organs include the spleen, lymph nodes, adenoids, tonsils, Peyer patches (intestines), and the appendix. The liver and bone marrow are not secondary lymph organs.

A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart? A. Malaria B. Smallpox C. Tetanus D. Hepatitis

Tetanus Some bacteria secrete toxins that harm individuals. For instance, specific bacterial toxins cause the symptoms of tetanus or diphtheria.

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the pediatrician for recurrent colds. The child is fed formula, and the other family members have not been ill. The primary care provider tells the mother that the child's immune system is not yet competent, but will be about 60% of an adult system around age _____ months. A. 3 B. 12 C. 9 D. 6

12

A 25-year-old female has sexual relations with her boyfriend. Later she is told that the boyfriend is infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Testing reveals that she does not have the disease. How is it possible that she did not contract the disease? A. She was vaccinated against it B. Antibodies covered sites of attachment C. IgE was released D. Platelets provided protection

Antibodies covered sites of attachment Some bacteria, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae that causes gonorrhea, must attach to specific sites on urogenital epithelial cells. Antibodies may protect the host by covering sites on the microorganism that are needed for attachment, thereby preventing infection.

An immunologist has isolated a molecule from the human body to study. It is found to react with antibodies on B cells. Further testing reveals that the molecule is large and chemically diverse. What type of molecule is the immunologist studying? A. Immunogen B. Paratop C. Epitope D. Antigen

Antigen Antibodies react with antigens.

Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection? A. Antigens B. Lymphocytes C. T cells D. B cells

Antigens

An immunology nurse is caring for a patient. While planning care, which principle will the nurse remember? The primary role of IgA1 is to prevent infections in the: A. Kidneys B. Lungs C. Blood D. Mucous membranes

Blood

A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity? A. Titer B. Precipitation C. Agglutination D. Culture and sensitivity

Titer The amount of antibody in a serum sample is referred to as the titer ; a higher titer indicates more antibodies.