PATHO EXAM 3- NEED TO KNOW KIDNEYS

What should you not do with an AV Fistula?

DO NOT TAKE A BP OR PLACE AN IV IN THE ARM THAT HAS THE FISTULA

How is the choice btwn dialysis and transplantation determined?

by age, related health problems, donor availability, and personal preference

What is the treatment for Renal Calculi?

<5 mm pass stone if more >5 mm= give meds- Toradol (Ketorolac)-wonder drug, anti-inflammatory IV too

What is Glomerulonephritis usually caused by?

A strep infection is usually acute-occurs after a strep infection

The nurse is caring for a client with AKI. A common complication for this client is

Anemia

A client seen in the ED reports dysuria, frequency, and urgency. Which of the following conditions would the nurse suspect?

Cystitis

What should you assess for with an AV Fistula?

Listen for a bruit and feel for a thrill

A nurse is notified that the latest level for client in acute renal failure is 6.2 mEq. What is the most important thing for the nurse to do?

Obtain an ECG strip and notify the practitioner

What are s/s of Renal Calculi?

Pain (Renal Colic)- flank, upper and outer abdominal quadrant acute, intermittent, or excruciating worsens with increase fluid intake Hematuria (blood in the urine)

The GFR is considered to be the best measure of renal function. What is used to estimate the GFR?

Serum Creatinine

What is Renal Calculi (stones)?

Stones that usually develop in the kidneys are made of calcium usually

How are Renal Calculi diagnosed?

U/A, Abdominal CT w/o contrast, pain

As compared to younger adults, older adults who experience UTIs tend to exhibit which of the primary clinical manifestations?

cognitive impairment and anorexia

The nurse determines that interventions for decreasing fluid retention have been effective when the child w/ nephrotic syndrome demonstrated evidence of the following?

decreased abdominal girth

The nurse would assess a client w/ Nephrolithiasis for which of the following?

flank pain

What is the hallmark sign of Nephrotic Syndrome?

generalized edema

What are problems that can occur during dialysis?

hypotension (low volume), chest pain (change in blood flow), N/V, Disequilibrium syndrome (low volume), muscle cramps, headache

A 10 yr old with glomerulonephritis reports a headache and blurred vision. The nurse should immediately

obtain the child's BP

What are s/s of Glomerulonephritis?

over-hydration

What do we need to avoid with Wilms Tumor?

palpating the abdomen

A 62 yr old woman who has been on hemodialysis for several weeks aka the nurse what substances are being removed by dialysis. The nurse informs the client that one of the substances passing through the membrane is?

sodium

What are s/s associated with Wilms Tumor?

swelling in the abdomen (abdominal hernia or mass), abdominal pain, blood in the urine

The nurse is teaching a new client about complications associated w/ peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should tell the client to notify the physician immediately if:

the abdomen is tender and dialysate return is cloudy b/c it should be clear

What is the Glomerulat Filtration Rate (GFR)?

the afferent and efferent arterioles respond by vasoconstriction or vasodilating If the afferent arteriole vasoconstriction- A reduction of renal blood flow happens therefore a decrease in GFR occurs If the efferent arteriole vasoconstricts- Increase resistance to outflow which increases glomerular pressure and GFR