Patho Ezam 3
A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. The client asks the nurse what diffuse means. The nurse responds:
"All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved."
Which client is likely at the greatest risk of developing a urinary tract infection?
A 79-year-old client with an indwelling catheter
Which statement about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is accurate?
ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal vasoconstriction.
A child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. The parents state that the child is "not making water." When taking a history, the nurse learns the child had a sore throat about 1 week ago but seems to have gotten over it. "We [parents] only had to give antibiotics for 3 days for the throat to be better." The nurse should suspect the child has developed:
Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis.
Acute pyelonephritis is a result of:
Bacterial Infection
The family asks the nurse what the usual treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis entails. What is the nurse's best response?
Corticosteroids
Congenital defects that result in shunting of blood from the right side of the heart to the left are known as __________ disorders.
Cyanotic
Which procedure is a nonsurgical method of treatment for renal calculi (kidney stones)?
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Blood flow that has been lost as a result of myocardial infarction cannot be reestablished. (T/F)
False
Septic shock is far less common in the past, given advances in prevention and treatment. (T/F)
False
A 9-year-old child has been diagnosed with the nephrotic syndrome. Place the following stages in the development of this health problem in ascending order. Use all the options.
Hypoalbuminemia Increased glomerular membrane permeability Proteins escape from plasma to glomerular filtrate Decreased colloidal osmotic pressure Accumulation of fluid in interstitial tissue (edema).
__________ shock results from acute blood loss.
Hypovolemic
Unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract may result in renin secretion, thereby leading to which manifestation?
Increased Blood Pressure
The nurse is evaluating the urinalysis results of a client presenting with polyuria and lower abdominal pain due to a suspected urinary tract infection. Which finding should the nurse expect?
Increased nitrites
What is the usual cause of acute pyelonephritis?
Infection
Coronary artery disease is often subdivided into chronic __________ heart disease and acute coronary syndrome.
Ischemic
The lungs, GI system, and __________ are most susceptible to damage as a result of shock.
Kidneys
If a client is in the early phases of nephrotic syndrome, which area of the body will likely have the initial presence of edema?
Lower extremities
Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Older adult female client admitted with an indwelling Foley catheter that has been in place for 1 month
The initiating event in the development of nephrotic syndrome is a derangement in the glomerular membrane that causes increased permeability to which substance?
Plasma Proteins
Which condition/disorder would the nurse see as being likely to cause the most serious long-term problems?
Polycystic kidney disease
Which substance would not be found in glomerular filtrate?
Protein
The nurse reviews the lab results for a client who has advanced autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The client 's hemoglobin is 8.8 g/dL (88 g/L). The nurse suspects this lab value is related to which cause?
Reduced production of erythropoietin
What is the most common cancer of the kidney?
Renal cell carcinoma
The nurse is performing a history and physical on a client with diabetic nephropathy. Findings include BP 124/80; smokes two packs of cigarettes/day; diet high in saturated fats and sodium. Which intervention can help prevent the progression of the diabetic nephropathy?
Smoking cessation program
One of the most damaging effects of urinary obstruction on kidney structures is which effect?
Urinary statis
A female teenager has experienced three uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the past 3 months. Which action should the nurse include in education for this teenager?
Taking antimicrobials to treat Escherichia coli while forcing fluids
Cardiac __________ is characterized by compression of the heart because of the accumulation of fluid, pus, or blood in the pericardial sac.
Tamponade
More people die of cardiovascular disease than of any other pathology in the United States each year. (T/F)
True
The body is able to initiate numerous mechanisms that can compensate for heart failure. (T/F)
True
The key components of the blood work used to diagnose myocardial infarction are the troponin assays. (T/F)
True
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client. Which laboratory findings would the nurse correlate with nephrotic syndrome?
elevated urine protein level (>3.5 g/day) and hypoalbuminemia
A client with a history of chronic pyelonephritis has been admitted several times with recurrent bacterial infection of the urinary tract. The nurse should anticipate educating this client with regard to which common treatment regimen?
Continue taking antibiotics for 10 to 14 days even if symptoms of infection disappear.
Prior to undergoing diagnostic testing with contrast, it is recommended that older adult clients have their creatinine level checked. The rationale for this is to ensure the client:
will not undergo an acute kidney injury by decreasing renal blood flow.
