Patho Final

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to a. diabetes mellitus. b. Crohn disease. c. gallstones. d. celiac sprue.

a. diabetes mellitus

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall. a. gangrene b. infection c. distention d. inflammation

a. gangrene

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to a. prevent abdominal distention. b. remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion. c. prevent hyperglycemia associated with loss of insulin secretion. d. prevent mechanical obstruction of the intestine.

b. remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of a. gallbladder disease. b. appendicitis. c. pancreatitis. d. peritonitis.

c. pancreatitis

Most gallstones are composed of a. bile. b. cholesterol. c. calcium. d. uric acid salts.

cholesterol

A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results? a. Lipase b. Amylase c. Glucose d. Alkaline phosphatase

d. alkaline phosphatase -marked elevation of the alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels suggest the possibility of biliary disease or obstruction, particularly by gallstones

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is a. lithotripsy of stones. b. chemical dissolution of stones. c. antibiotics and anti-inflammatories. d. cholecystectomy.

d. cholecystectomy

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is a. pancreatectomy. b. strict dietary avoidance of fats. c. abstinence from alcohol. d. pain control.

d. pain control

The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis a. is an expected finding and requires no specific intervention. b. indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock. c. requires immediate surgical intervention. d. is an unusual finding in pancreatitis and indicates misdiagnosis.

b. indicates peritonitis with substantial risk

It is true that gallstones are a. a minimal risk for Native Americans. b. more common in women. c. more common in men. d. at highest risk among Asians.

b. more common in women

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with a. trauma. b. stones. c. alcoholism. d. high cholesterol.

c. alcoholism (66%) -a prominent factor in pancreatitis is obstruction of the pancreatic duct by a stone. hypertriglyceridemia is a predisposing factor for pancreatitis in the US

A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to a. alkalosis. b. hyperglycemia. c. hypocalcemia. d. hypermagnesemia.

c. hypocalcemia -associated laboratory findings of acute pancreatitis include leukocytosis, hyperlipidemia, and hypocalcemia