Patho II- exam 3 (Ch.32; 37-39)

A client is diagnosed with degenerative disc disease. Which form of physical therapy does the nurse anticipate the health-care provider will prescribe to reduce the movement of the spine and enhance the healing process? 1. Braces 2. Massage 3. Electrotherapies 4. Heat and cold packs

1. Braces

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client. Which physiological disorder does the nurse recognize with a medical diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis? 1. Bursitis 2. Plantar fasciitis 3. Frozen shoulder 4. Carpal tunnel syndrome

3. Frozen shoulder

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client admitted with severe malabsorption disorder because of pancreatic enzyme deficiency. The nurse is aware of a variety of disorders that can cause the diagnosis. Which pancreatic disorder does the nurse recognize as being genetically related? 1. Cystic fibrosis 2. Celiac disease 3. Crohn's disease 4. Systemic lupus erythematosus

1. Cystic fibrosis

After assessing a client with spinal stenosis, the health-care provider orders immediate decompression surgery. Which symptom in the client did the health-care provider likely observe? 1. Diminished bowel and bladder function 2. Severe lower back pain 3. Pain walking up and down stairs 4. Diminished Achilles reflex

1. Diminished bowel and bladder function

A nurse is caring for a client whose lumbar spinal nerve 4 (L4) is affected by degenerative disc disease (DDD). Which assessment finding does the nurse anticipate in the client? 1. Diminished patella reflex 2. Diminished Achilles reflex 3. Difficulty with dorsiflexion of the foot 4. Difficulty with plantarflexion of the foot

1. Diminished patella reflex

The radiographic reports of a client reveal inflammation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. Which disorder should the nurse suspect in the client? 1. Gout 2. Lyme disease 3. Septic arthritis 4. Polymyalgia rheumatica

1. Gout

The nurse is assisting the health-care provider while performing some specific maneuvers in a client with a knee injury. The health-care provider stabilizes the client's distal femur with one hand, grasps the proximal tibia with the other hand, and then attempts to sublux the tibia anteriorly. Which maneuver is the health-care provider performing? 1. Lachman test 2. McMurray test 3. Valgus stress test 4. Anterior drawer test

1. Lachman test

The nurse is providing care for a client diagnosed with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The nurse prepares the client for which most definitive diagnostic test? 1. Muscle biopsy 2. Western blot test 3. Immunofluorescent assay 4. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

1. Muscle biopsy

The nurse observes that an older adult client has a hunched back. Which disorder does the nurse suspect? 1. Osteoporosis 2. Osteomalacia 3. Osteoarthritis 4. Spinal stenosis

1. Osteoporosis

Which statement is true regarding rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis? 1. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. 2. Osteoarthritis is mainly treated with methotrexate. 3. Osteoarthritis is less common than rheumatoid arthritis. 4. Rheumatoid arthritis affects mainly the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints.

1. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease.

Which hormone produced by the intestine triggers the release of pancreatic enzymes? 1. Secretin 2. Somatostatin 3. Insulin 4. Chymotrypsin

1. Secretin

A client presents with joint pain and limited range of motion (ROM) in the right shoulder. The client has a history of rheumatoid arthritis but states the pain in the shoulder is much worse than usual. Aspiration of synovial fluid indicates the presence of septic arthritis. Which intervention does the nurse include on the client's plan of care? 1. Short-term joint immobilization for pain control 2. Monitoring for the need of additional joint aspiration 3. Implementation and evaluation of active ROM exercises 4. Promotion of physical therapy during the acute stage for maintenance

1. Short-term joint immobilization for pain control

Which hormone indirectly helps in the formation of bone by stimulating muscle growth? 1. Testosterone 2. Calcitriol 3. Calcitonin 4. Parathyroid hormone

1. Testosterone

A client reports pain and immobility of the wrist. On assessment, the nurse finds decreased range of motion (ROM), edema, and ecchymosis of the distal radius. The health-care provider recommends a neurovascular examination for confirmation. Which information does the nurse expect to infer from these findings? 1. The client has a Smith fracture. 2. The client has a Colles fracture. 3. The client has a clavicle fracture. 4. The client has a greenstick fracture.

1. The client has a Smith fracture.

The client's laboratory reports indicate high levels of bilirubin. Which conclusion does the nurse infer from the report? 1. The client has stones in the common bile duct. 2. The client has decreased pancreatic enzymes. 3. The client has stones in the gallbladder. 4. The client has an infection of the pancreas.

1. The client has stones in the common bile duct.

The nurse finds increased glucose levels in a client with chronic pancreatitis. Which does the nurse interpret from the finding? 1. The client's beta cells are damaged. 2. The client has decreased pancreatic enzymes. 3. The client has high bile salts in the blood. 4. The client's gallbladder was surgically removed.

1. The client's beta cells are damaged.

The nurse is caring for a client with degenerative disc disease (DDD). Which outcome indicates effective chiropractic therapy? 1. The client's discs are realigned. 2. The client has diminished inflammation. 3. The client has decreased neuropathic pain. 4. The client has receding pain from sciatica.

1. The client's discs are realigned.

A nurse is providing care for a client diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. For which test does the nurse prepare the client? 1. X-ray 2. Bone biopsy 3. Electromyography 4. Radionuclide bone scan

1. X-ray

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students the causes of spinal nerve impingement. Which statement made by the student indicates the need for further teaching? 1. "Herniated discs may cause spinal nerve impingement." 2. "Disc thickening may cause spinal nerve impingement." 3. "Osteocyte formation may cause spinal nerve impingement." 4. "Compression of the disc may cause spinal nerve impingement."

2. "Disc thickening may cause spinal nerve impingement."

The nurse is teaching a client nonpharmacological therapy to treat gout. Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional teaching? 1. "I need to have some rapid weight loss." 2. "I should increase the intake of meats." 3. "I need to avoid incidences of binge drinking." 4. "I should drink 2 to 3 liters of fluid per day."

2. "I should increase the intake of meats."

Which statement made by a staff nurse indicates the need for additional information about treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders? 1. "Doxycycline is the first-line treatment for Lyme disease." 2. "Immunosuppressive agents are first-line agents for psoriatic arthritis." 3. "Oral corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica." 4. "NSAIDs are the first-line agents for gout."

2. "Immunosuppressive agents are first-line agents for psoriatic arthritis."

The laboratory report of a client with a bone infection shows an abscess below the bone surface. Which stage of bone infection does the nurse recognize in the client? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4

2. 2

Which treatment does the nurse expect to be beneficial for a client diagnosed with Lyme disease? 1. A local corticosteroid injection 2. A 10- to 21-day course of doxycycline 3. A high starting dose of NSAIDs 4. An immediate single dose of doxycycline

2. A 10- to 21-day course of doxycycline

The nurse is providing care for an older adult client with a history of diabetes mellitus. The client presents with chills, fever, and malaise. The nurse notes localized tenderness, erythema, edema, and pain with movement of the lower right extremity. Which additional assessment information is most likely to support the presence of an infection? 1. A recent bout of influenza 2. A knee replacement surgery 3. A decrease in physical activity 4. A move to an extended care facility

2. A knee replacement surgery

For which reason does the nurse instruct the parents of a young girl to reduce the use of sunblock and cover-ups with their child? 1. Overuse of sunblock and cover-ups will inhibit the production of estrogen. 2. Absorption of calcium by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is inhibited by the overuse of sunblock and cover-ups. 3. The production of osteoblast cells is inhibited by the excessive use of sunblock and cover-ups. 4. The level of parathyroid hormone decreases with the excessive use of sunblock and cover-ups.

2. Absorption of calcium by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is inhibited by the overuse of sunblock and cover-ups.

The nurse finds that a client with a musculoskeletal disorder has pain in the malleolar zone. The client is also unable to bear weight for more than four steps. Which does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe? 1. Foot x-ray 2. Ankle x-ray 3. Hawkins test 4. Apprehension test

2. Ankle x-ray

The nurse is assessing a client with pain in the right upper quadrant for 4 hours. The client reports the pain is radiating to the upper thoracic region. A laboratory report suggests elevated liver enzymes and serum bilirubin. Which condition does the nurse suspect from the findings? 1. Biliary tract disorder 2. Biliary colic 3. Cholecystitis 4. Acute pancreatitis

2. Biliary colic

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a female client who is 70 years of age. The client has experienced two bone fractures over the past 5 years, one from an auto accident and the other from a fall on ice. Which information most strongly supports a concern about osteoporosis? 1. Wears sunscreen and a hat when outdoors 2. Experienced a total hysterectomy at age 35 3. Limited walking because of osteoarthritis 4. Receives protein primarily from chicken and fish

2. Experienced a total hysterectomy at age 35

Which factor is identified as a cause for acute inflammation of the pancreas? 1. Moderate alcohol intake 2. High triglyceride level 3. Influenza antibodies 4. Live virus vaccine

2. High triglyceride level

A client presents with a swollen left thigh and a lower extremity that appears shortened. Which is the client's most likely condition recognized by the nurse? 1. Greenstick femur shaft fracture 2. Impacted femur shaft fracture 3. Incomplete femur shaft fracture 4. Transverse femur shaft fracture

2. Impacted femur shaft fracture

The nurse is caring for a client whose bone mineral density is -2 based on a T-score value, which compares the client's bone mineral density to the mean for young adult women. Which condition does this score indicate? 1. Osteomalacia 2. Osteopenia 3. Osteoporosis 4. Severe osteoporosis

2. Osteopenia

Which condition in a client is a cause of cauda equina syndrome? 1. Celiac disease 2. Paget's disease 3. Cushing's disease 4. End-stage renal disease

2. Paget's disease

A client exhibits pitting, ridging, and separation of nails from the nail bed. Which musculoskeletal disorder does the nurse suspect in the client? 1. Septic arthritis 2. Psoriatic arthritis 3. Ankylosing spondylitis 4. Polymyalgia rheumatica

2. Psoriatic arthritis

While reviewing an x-ray of the fingers of a client, the nurse observes that the end of the bone is whittled down to a sharp point. Which musculoskeletal disorder does the nurse suspect in the client? 1. Lyme disease 2. Psoriatic arthritis 3. Ankylosing spondylitis 4. Pott's disease

2. Psoriatic arthritis

A client is diagnosed with osteomalacia and undergoes therapy to correct the vitamin D deficiency and normalize phosphate levels. Which outcome indicates the successful completion of therapy? 1. The client does not experience any cervical back pain. 2. The client is able to walk up and down stairs comfortably. 3. The client does not report any numbness in the lower extremities. 4. The client reports normal bowel and bladder function.

2. The client is able to walk up and down stairs comfortably.

Which statement made by a client with musculoskeletal inflammation supports the nurse's suspicion of polymyalgia rheumatica? 1. "I feel pain and stiffness in my back when I am up during the day." 2. "I have noticed my nails are separating from my nail beds." 3. "I thought I had the flu, but the symptoms have lasted too long." 4. "I have pain during the night and have not been sleeping or resting well."

3. "I thought I had the flu, but the symptoms have lasted too long."

The nurse is reviewing both the functions and dysfunctions of the pancreas. Which diagnosis related to pancreatic dysfunction is the greatest risk to the client with chronic pancreatitis? 1. Diabetes mellitus 2. Inflammation 3. Gland destruction 4. Insulin insufficiency

3. Gland destruction

The nurse is reviewing synovial fluid with a group of staff nurses. Which statement by an attending nurse indicates the need for further review? 1. "Synovial fluid provides stabilizing effects." 2. "The volume of synovial fluid increases in the presence of a joint disease." 3. "There is a wide exchange between the bloodstream and the synovial joint." 4. "All the essential nutrients are delivered and metabolic by-products are cleared by the bloodstream."

3. "There is a wide exchange between the bloodstream and the synovial joint."

A physical examination of a client elicits the Cullen sign and Grey-Turner sign. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? 1. Acute cholecystitis 2. Biliary disorders 3. Acute pancreatitis 4. Emphysematous cholecystitis

3. Acute pancreatitis

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of gout. Which medication in the client's prescription does the nurse suspect to decrease uric acid synthesis? 1. Probenecid 2. Colchicine 3. Allopurinol 4. Oral corticosteroids

3. Allopurinol

The nurse is providing care for a client diagnosed with iritis and pulmonary fibrosis. Which condition does the nurse associate with the client's diagnosis? 1. Polymyositis 2. Psoriatic arthritis 3. Ankylosing spondylitis 4. Polymyalgia rheumatica

3. Ankylosing spondylitis

While assessing a client with a musculoskeletal disorder, the nurse abducts the client's arm to 90 degrees and places anteriorly directed force on the posterior humeral head from behind. Which test is the nurse performing? 1. Hawkins test 2. Relocation test 3. Apprehension test 4. Neer impingement test

3. Apprehension test

The nurse is providing care for a client with a lower extremity fracture immobilized by a cast. Which complication does the nurse identify if assessment reveals tissue ischemia, functional impairment, and pain level disproportionate to the injury? 1. Horner syndrome 2. Cauda equina syndrome 3. Compartment syndrome 4. Carpal tunnel syndrome

3. Compartment syndrome

The nurse in a pediatric clinic identifies an infant with rickets. The mother, who is from a Middle Eastern culture, has been exclusively breastfeeding the infant since birth. Which most probable cause does the nurse recognize? 1. Incidence of rickets in breastfed infants is high. 2. The infant lacks sufficient calcium and vitamin D. 3. Cultural practices contribute to the diagnosis. 4. The mother has a history of being lactose intolerant.

3. Cultural practices contribute to the diagnosis.

The nurse is caring for a client with abdominal distention and pain in the right upper quadrant. The nurse suspects a biliary disorder in the client. Which medication does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe for the client to relieve pain? 1. Morphine 2. Codeine 3. Dilaudid 4. NSAIDs

3. Dilaudid

Which diagnostic procedure does the health-care provider use to confirm advanced chronic pancreatitis with exocrine insufficiency in a client? 1. Ultrasound 2. Cholecystogram 3. Fecal chymotrypsin 4. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

3. Fecal chymotrypsin

The nurse is preparing teaching material to present to a community group about the common risk factors for cholecystitis. Which factor does the nurse include for female attendees? 1. Age greater than 40 years 2. High-calorie, high-cholesterol diet 3. Incidence of multiple pregnancies 4. Genetic predisposition

3. Incidence of multiple pregnancies

The nurse is reviewing anatomical information about the pancreas. Which conclusion about the function of the pancreas is correct? 1. It is a hollow organ that sits just beneath the liver. 2. It is involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. 3. It produces a bicarbonate as a natural antacid. 4. It stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK).

3. It produces a bicarbonate as a natural antacid.

The nurse is providing care for a client admitted with an obstruction of the common bile duct. Which additional condition does the nurse associate with the admitting diagnosis? 1. Cholecystitis 2. Pancreatic cancer 3. Jaundice 4. Biliary sludge

3. Jaundice

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client. Which pathogen does the nurse recognize as causing ankylosing spondylitis? 1. Escherichia coli 2. Borrelia burgdorferi 3. Klebsiella pneumoniae 4. Staphylococcus aureus

3. Klebsiella pneumoniae

A client has a skin rash presenting as an oval-shaped and red-colored lesion. On assessment, the nurse finds enlargement of lymph nodes in this client. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? 1. Sacroiliitis 2. Dactylitis 3. Lyme disease 4. Psoriatic arthritis

3. Lyme disease

The nurse is providing care for a client with suspected rickets. For which diagnostic testing does the nurse prepare the client? 1. Electromyography (EMG) 2. Bone mineral density (BMD) examination 3. Multiple-view x-ray studies 4. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

3. Multiple-view x-ray studies

Which physiological process takes place more rapidly after an individual is 30 years of age? 1. Bone growth 2. Osteoblastic activity 3. Osteoclastic activity 4. Bone remodeling

3. Osteoclastic activity

The nurse is providing client teaching about treatment needed for a grade 2 ankle sprain. Which type of acute treatment does the nurse teach to the client? 1. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) 2. Immobilization 3. Protect, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (PRICE) 4. Physical therapy

3. Protect, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (PRICE)

The nurse is providing care for a client diagnosed with Pott's disease. Which possible complication does the nurse associate with the diagnosis? 1. Spinal rigidity from scarring 2. Development of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) 3. Spinal deformity with instability 4. Uncorrectable spinal cord compression

3. Spinal deformity with instability

A client is brought to the hospital because of severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The client reports increased pain in the abdomen and in the epigastric region radiating to the back when lying supine. During physical assessment, the nurse finds the client has fever and hypotension. Which condition does the nurse suspect from these findings? 1. The client has cholelithiasis. 2. The client has cholecystitis. 3. The client has acute pancreatitis. 4. The client has chronic pancreatitis.

3. The client has acute pancreatitis.

While teaching a group of student nurses about different types of fractures, the nursing instructor says, "This fracture is characterized by the crushing of cancellous bone." Which type of fracture is the nursing instructor describing? 1. Complete 2. Transverse 3. Comminuted 4. Compression

4. Compression

The nurse is discussing the various fluids of the musculoskeletal system with staff nurses. Which statement made by an attending nurse indicates understanding? 1. "Lubricin is a lubricating liquid present in a joint." 2. "Synovial fluid is a protein that acts as a lubricant for the bone surfaces of a joint." 3. "Chondrocytes synthesize proteoglycan fluid in the later stages of osteoarthritis." 4. "Edematous fluid makes the joint capsule less effective as a protector."

4. "Edematous fluid makes the joint capsule less effective as a protector."

The nurse is providing care for an older female client diagnosed with gout. Which statement by the nurse to the client conveys correct information? 1. "Thiazides are used to treat gout." 2. "Primary gout is attributed to obesity." 3. "Pott's disease is associated with gout." 4. "Estrogen protects against hyperuricemia."

4. "Estrogen protects against hyperuricemia."

The nurse is reviewing degenerative disc disease (DDD) with a group of staff nurses. Which statement made by an attending nurse indicates understanding? 1. "DDD occurs only in the cervical region of the vertebral column." 2. "Age-related degenerative changes in the discs are the main causes of lower back pain." 3. "Males are more susceptible than females to lumbar DDD." 4. "Onset of lumbar DDD occurs most often between the ages of 30 and 50."

4. "Onset of lumbar DDD occurs most often between the ages of 30 and 50."

The nurse is orienting a group of staff nurses to the laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure. Which statement by an attending nurse indicates effective learning? 1. "The client should be on bed rest for 2 weeks." 2. "The client will have severe pain after the surgery." 3. "The procedure has a high risk of complications." 4. "The client is discharged less than 24 hours after the surgery."

4. "The client is discharged less than 24 hours after the surgery."

The nurse instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about the pathophysiology of cholecystitis. The nursing instructor asks, "What happens during chronic cholecystitis?" Which statement by a student nurse indicates effective learning? 1. "The gallbladder is filled with purulent effusion." 2. "Perforation and gangrene develop on the wall of the gallbladder." 3. "The gallstone passes from the cystic duct into the common bile duct." 4. "The gallbladder becomes thickened and functions poorly."

4. "The gallbladder becomes thickened and functions poorly."

Which client benefits from early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)? 1. A client with cholelithiasis 2. A client with cholecystitis 3. A client with acute pancreatitis 4. A client with severe gallstone pancreatitis

4. A client with severe gallstone pancreatitis

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client to a rehabilitation facility after a total hip replacement because of a hip fracture. Which summary of the client's hospitalization best indicates adequate nursing care? 1. Lack of infection 2. Decreasing levels of pain 3. Obtained mobility with a walker 4. Absence of pulmonary complications

4. Absence of pulmonary complications

When assessing a client with a musculoskeletal disorder, the nurse finds lack of sensation in the dermatome areas of the lower extremity L5. The nurse suspects lumbar sprain/strain. Which does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe in this situation? 1. Anticoagulant therapy 2. IV injection of muscle relaxants 3. X-ray and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan of the spine 4. Anteroposterior and lateral x-rays of the lumbar spine

4. Anteroposterior and lateral x-rays of the lumbar spine

The registered nurse is evaluating the performance of a student nurse performing a valgus stress test on a client whose leg is slightly abducted. Which intervention does the registered nurse correct before it can be performed by the student nurse? 1. Placing one hand at the lateral aspect of the knee joint 2. Placing one hand at the medial aspect of the distal tibia 3. Applying valgus stress with the knee at 30 degrees of flexion 4. Applying valgus stress with the knee at 90 degrees of flexion

4. Applying valgus stress with the knee at 90 degrees of flexion

The nurse is performing a physical examination on a client with a suspected musculoskeletal disorder. Which is the first nursing intervention performed during the examination? 1. Testing sensation using perception 2. Measuring muscle girth for symmetry 3. Evaluating peripheral vascular integrity 4. Assessing general appearance, contour, and symmetry

4. Assessing general appearance, contour, and symmetry

A client who is middle-aged comes to a clinic and reports knee pain. The client states, "I don't understand. I walk to and from work every day and climb three flights of steps to my office." Besides age, the nurse's assessment reveals the client is slightly overweight, and the knees are warm to the touch and slightly edematous. Which contributing factor to the client's manifestation does the nurse suspect? 1. Accumulation of edematous fluid in the joint 2. Increased joint stress related to body weight 3. Pain from inflammation of the synovial membrane 4. Cartilage deterioration from excess weight bearing

4. Cartilage deterioration from excess weight bearing

A nurse is caring for a client with cholecystitis and diagnosed with pruritus. Which medication does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe for the client? 1. Ursodiol (Actigall) 2. Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) 3. Chenodiol (Chenix) 4. Cholestyramine (Questran)

4. Cholestyramine (Questran)

The nurse is assessing a client with episodic abdominal pain, constipation, and flatulence. Upon physical assessment and review of the laboratory findings, the nurse concludes the client has jaundice and elevated serum amylase. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? 1. Cholelithiasis 2. Cholecystitis 3. Acute pancreatitis 4. Chronic pancreatitis

4. Chronic pancreatitis

The nurse is reviewing anatomy and physiology with staff nurses. Which structure does the nurse identify as being at risk for choledocholithiasis? 1. Cystic duct 2. Hepatic duct 3. Pancreatic duct 4. Common bile duct

4. Common bile duct

Which diagnostic test does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe to confirm a diagnosis of osteoporosis? 1. Electromyography (EMG) 2. Computerized tomography (CT) scan 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan 4. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

4. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

Which condition is related to ankylosing spondylitis? 1. Formation of abscesses in the bone 2. Inflammation at the joint of the great toe 3. Formation of abscesses in the paravertebral muscles 4. Inflammation where tendons and ligaments join the bone around a joint

4. Inflammation where tendons and ligaments join the bone around a joint

For which reason is a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan used for a client with a musculoskeletal disorder? 1. It detects soft tissue abnormalities. 2. It identifies stress fractures and bony metastases. 3. It determines mechanical derangement of the knee joint. 4. It visualizes the bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and vertebrae.

4. It visualizes the bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and vertebrae.

The nurse is providing care for a client with a bone fracture. Which cells does the nurse identify as being involved in the healing of a bone? 1. Osteoblasts 2. Osteocytes 3. Osteoclasts 4. Osteoprogenitor cells

4. Osteoprogenitor cells

The nurse is using the Ranson's criteria to assess a client's pancreatitis. After 48 hours, which finding validates the client's need to remain hospitalized? 1. White blood cell (WBC) count greater than 16,000 2. Lactic dehydrogenase greater than 600 U/L 3. Glucose greater than 10 mmol/L 4. Partial pressure of oxygen less than 60 mm Hg

4. Partial pressure of oxygen less than 60 mm Hg

The nurse is providing care for a client with nonunion at the site of a fracture in a lower extremity. After 12 weeks of monitoring, the fracture site shows no signs of healing. Which prescription does the nurse anticipate from the health-care provider? 1. IV antibiotic therapy 2. Physical therapy to maintain function 3. Surgery to debride dead bone tissue 4. Placement of a bone graft at the site

4. Placement of a bone graft at the site

The laboratory report for a client shows elevated levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Which musculoskeletal disorder does the nurse suspect in the client? 1. Gout 2. Psoriatic arthritis 3. Ankylosing spondylitis 4. Polymyalgia rheumatica

4. Polymyalgia rheumatica

The primary care provider recommends measuring the trabecular bone density in a client's spine. For which diagnostic test does the nurse prepare the client? 1. X-ray 2. Electromyography (EMG) 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan 4. Quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) scan

4. Quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) scan

A client with osteoporosis was prescribed teriparatide therapy. Which outcome indicates the therapeutic effect of the medication has been achieved? 1. Reduced pain 2. Fortification of the bone 3. Reduced inflammation 4. Strengthening of the bone

4. Strengthening of the bone

In order to maintain a high level of understanding about skeletal muscles, the nurse reviews anatomy and physiology concepts. Which recall of information indicates the effectiveness of the nurse's review? 1. The thick filaments of sarcomeres are made up of a protein called actin. 2. The thin filaments of sarcomeres are made up of a protein called myosin. 3. The fascicles contain 10 to 30 muscle fibers encased in connective tissue called epimysium. 4. The individual muscle fibers of skeletal muscle are arranged in bundles called fascicles.

4. The individual muscle fibers of skeletal muscle are arranged in bundles called fascicles.

When assessing a client's muscle strength using the Lovett scale, the nurse finds the client has no joint motion with palpable contraction of the muscle. Which grade does the nurse assign to the client based on this finding? 1. Fair 2. Poor 3. Good 4. Trace

4. Trace