Patho - Quiz 6

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Which manifestation would the nurse observe when assessing a client diagnosed with a benign secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla?

Elevated catecholamine levels and tachycardia

A client with a suspected diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism would most likely demonstrate which serum laboratory value?

Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and decreased thyroxine (T4)

Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed with distal symmetric neuropathy related to diabetes.

Inspect the feet for blister daily

A client asks the nurse what causes the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) to fluctuate. The best response by the nurse would be:

Sleep-wake cycles

The nurse is assessing a female client with a diagnosis of primary adrenal cortical insufficiency. Which manifestation should the nurse anticipate?

Sparse axillary and pubic hair

A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. Which statements by the client indicate a need for additional education? Select all that apply.

"I must avoid all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads." & "I need to carefully limit my protein consumption."

The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is:

"Insulin is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection."

The nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. Which child would the nurse recognize as having isosexual precocious puberty?

A 5-year-old black female with developing breasts and pubic hair

A client comes to a scheduled appointment in the endocrine clinic. The primary care physician referred the client, suspecting acromegaly. Knowing the usual testing involved, the nurse should educate the client about which lab/diagnostic procedure?

A suppression test

The health care provider is reviewing diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels. Select the typical diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels.

ACTH peaks in the morning and declines throughout the day

The health care provider is teaching a client about the metabolic effect of cortisol. The most appropriate information to provide would be:

Breakdown of proteins and fats

Which disorder is a result of excess cortisol?

Cushing syndrome

A client has developed a tumor of the anterior pituitary gland. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for alterations in which body function? Select all that apply.

Function of the glands, Function of the thyroid gland, Glucocorticoid hormone levels, Growth and metabolism

A 25-year-old female client exhibits exophthalmos of both eyes. The health care provider recognizes this as a manifestation of:

Graves disease

What is the most common mechanism of hormone control?

Negative feedback

Which interventions would be included in the plan of care for a client experiencing myxedema come? Select all that apply.

Oxygen therapy to support ineffective respirations, Reversal of hypoglycemia, Initiation of thyroid replacement therapy, Frequent monitoring of cardiac functions

A nurse has just completed client education on how hormones are normally regulated by feedback mechanisms. The client asks, "What, if anything, can alter the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone?" Which responses by the nurse would be considered an appropriate reply? Select all that apply.

Temperature, Nutritional status, Stress

The nurse is assessing a client with thyrotoxicosis and the nurse is explaining how the thyroid gland is stimulated to release thyroid hormones. The nurse should describe what process?

Action of releasing hormones from hypothalamus

A 48-year-old male client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes presents with the following: Blood glucose level of 46 mg/dL (2.55 mmol/L). Very lethargic. Has cool, clammy skin. Select the most appropriate intervention.

Administer injectable glucagon

A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about the importance of blood glucose control to decrease the risk of which potential chronic complications of diabetes? Select all that apply.

Retinopathy, Gastroparesis, Nephropathy, Neuropathy

Which complication of acromegaly can be life threatening?

Cardiac structures increase in size

If glucagon binds to surface receptors on liver cells to send an intracellular message for glycogen breakdown, this process is known as which mechanism of action?

Cell surface receptors

The nurse is reviewing the test results of a client who was given thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to evaluate the function of the pituitary gland. The nurse would recognize pituitary dysfunction as:

Decreased TSH levels

Which of the following are examples of amines? Select all that apply.

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

Management of hyperthyroidism would include which interventions? Select all that apply.

Eradication of the gland with radioactive iodine, Surgical removal of part of the gland or the entire gland, Drug therapy directed toward decreasing the gland's function

Which hormone is secreted based on a cyclic rather than a diurnal manner?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Select the most appropriate statement that describes the function of hormones.

Hormones function as modulators of cellular and systemic responses

Which gland acts as a signal-relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle?

Insulin is not available for use by the body.

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students recognize the local action of hormones as:

Paracrine

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones?

Pituitary

The nurse is educating a client with a newly diagnosed thyroid cancer. Which testing procedure should be reviewed because it allows good examination of the tissue structure and provides information about the tissue function as well?

Positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT)

A client receives steroids for several months to treat an inflammatory condition. Which action by the primary health care provider indicates an understanding of the negative feedback mechanism when the client no longer needs the medication?

Prescribing a tapering dose of the medication over weeks

Which events are involved in the negative feedback mechanism that keeps the serum thyroid hormone level within appropriate range? Select all that apply.

Stimulation of sensors in the hypothalamus, Stimulation of sensors in the anterior pituitary gland, Increased levels of thyroid hormone, Decrease in secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypo-function of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function.

Stimulation tests

A client is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of 80mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (.05). Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse assume?

The client is achieving normal glycemic control.

The nurse is educating a newly diagnosed client with Hashimoto thyroiditis who is to be discharged from the acute care facility. What should the nurse be sure to include in the education to prevent complications?

The client should be informed about the signs and symptoms of severe hypothyroidism and the need for early intervention.

Which statement best describes a secondary disorder of endocrine function?

The disorder occurs when the target organ is normal, but stimulating hormones alter its function.

Which manifestations regarding hypothyroidism are accurate? Select all that apply.

Anorexia, Weight gain, Onset of symptoms is gradual