PATHO quiz cp 16,18,19,20

A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic.

False A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is neurogenic shock.

Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy.

False Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in hypertrophy.

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

False End-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease

False The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is cardiovascular disease.

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.

An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?

Left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload.

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is

ST-segment elevation.

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Septic

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100?

Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Sodium

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

True

Mitral stenosis is associated with

a pressure gradient across the mitral valve.

A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with

acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction.

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

antibiotics

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity.

Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

cardiac tamponade.

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

diastolic murmur.

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave.

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

mean arterial

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

mitral regurgitation.

First-degree heart block is characterized by

prolonged PR interval.

A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

pulmonary congestion with dyspnea.

Left-sided heart failure is characterized by

pulmonary congestion.

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?

Class I

Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom?

Edema

A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.

False A patient diagnosed with cardiogenic shock who is hyperventilating is at risk for respiratory alkalosis.

The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

digitalis.

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

hypotension.

Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

nitric oxide.

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

renin

Cor pulmonale refers to

right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension.

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

secondary

A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock.

septic

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is

stable angina.

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

syncope.

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

vasodilation.