Pathofinals

Uric acid

"Tell me again the name of that chemical that makes crystals when my gout flares up". The nurse's best response is

Inflammatory reaction to gluten containing foods

Celiac sprue is a malabsoptive disorder associated with

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to

pancreatitis

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of

Ectopic endometrial tissue is present

Endometriosis is a condition in which

Development of blood clot beneath the periosteum

Following a bone fracture, the most like event to occur is

blood or semen

Hepatitis B is usually transmitter by exposure to

Urinary retention and reflux

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Estrogen deficiency

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily due to

Candida albicans

Infection by _______________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis

Due to a viral infection in brain cells

It is true that encephalitis is usually

more common in women

It is true that gallstones are

Genetically transmitted

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

Alcoholism

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with

Cholesterol

Most gallstones are composed of

Ischemic Conditions

On of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

headache

One of the most common cause of acute pain is

Excessive bone resorption follower by excessive formation of fragile bone

Paget's disease is characterized by

Necrotizing enterocilitis

Premature infants are greater risk for developing

an autoimmune process

Rheumatoid arthritis is commonly associated with the presence of rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in the bloodstream. This indicates that rheumatoid arthritis is likely to

Acute hypertension

Risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke include

Sudden, severe headache

Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports

Fat

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ___________ in the liver cells

rest tremors and skeletal muscle rigidity

The classic manifestation of Parkinson disease include

Hyperkalemia

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

Smoking

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is

E. coli

The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infection is

Infection by E. coli

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is

lower spine

The most common site affected in Paget's disease is the

an infection that migrates via the bloodstream

The most common source of osteomyelitis is

Calcium

The most common type of renal stone is

Hematuria

The most frequent initial symptoms of bladder cancer is

Ischemic/thrombic vs Hemorrhagic cause

The most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is

Fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

An immune complex reaction

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

Insulin resistance and Bcell dysfunction

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

Bloody diarrhea

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with

Gangrene

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to __________ of the gallbladder wall.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Obesity

___________ is the most powerful indicator of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

Osteomalacia

A bone disorder that results from insufficient vitamin D is referred to as

Systemic manifestation of inflammation

A clinical finding consistent with diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis would be

Calcium

A common component of renal calculi is

broken and protruding through the skin

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is

Dehydration

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

Osteosarcoma

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)

delayed healing

A patient diagnosed with diabetes, smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for

migraine

A patient presenting with a severe, pounding headache accompanied by nausea and photophobia is likely experiencing a __________ headache

H. pylori

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

Uric Acid crystals

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

Gastroesophageal varices

A patient with history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. Then expected diagnosis is

GRF Declines

A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because

When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder

A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux, "Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" ask his mother. The nurse's best response is

Goiter

A thyroid glans that grows larger than normal is known as

A cystic Dilation of Ureter

A ureterocele is

Decreased myoinositol transport

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from

amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation is called

Hepatitis

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with

intervertebral joint fusions

Ankylosing spondylitis causes

results from inadequate ADH secretion

Diabetes insipidus is a condition that