Pathology chapter 8

What is the estimated percentage of American adults who have stage 1 or 2 hypertension?

29%

What congenital heart defects is associated with dysrhythmia more often than the others listed?

Atrial septal defect

The "regurgitation" in mitral valve regurgitation refers to what condition?

Backflow

When blood flow is turbulent the plasma is concentrated around the periphery of the vessel. When blood cells & components are knocked around and bounce off of endothelial walls you have laminar blood flow. a. Both statements are true b. The first statement is true and the second statement is false c. The first statement is false and the second statement is true d. Both statements are false

Both statements are false

Bacteremias are usually short-lived and are eliminated in our bodies by our immune system. Bacteremias can occur from brushing the teeth. a. Both statements are true b. The first statement is true and the second statement is false c. The first statement is false and the second statement is true d. Both statements are false

Both statements are true

Deep venous thrombus can be associated with the use of oral contraceptives. Patients with deep venous thrombus are at risk for pulmonary emboli. a. Both statements are true b. The first statement is true and the second statement is false c. The first statement is false and the second statement is true d. Both statements are false

Both statements are true

One of the sequela of infective endocarditis is brain abscesses BECAUSE bacterial emboli from the heart can lodge within the brain.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes is considered to be a modifiable risk factor for hypertension BECAUSE type 2 diabetes can be eliminated in many individuals through weight loss, physical activity, and proper dietary choices.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Which congenital heart defect is associated with a constriction of a major artery and causes a discrepancy between blood pressure in the upper and lower portions of the body?

Coarctation of the aorta

What symptom would NOT be associated with a congenital defect that results in cyanosis?

Decreased number of red blood cells

An individual experiences palpitations as a result of what condition?

Dysrhythmia

When a clot detaches from the vessel wall and moves through the circulatory system it is called a: a. Thrombus b. Thrombi c. Embolus d. Aneurysm

Embolus

Cyanosis is a sign of what cellular conditions?

Hypoxia

The damage that occurs in rheumatic heart disease is caused by what?

Immune system response

When blood flows through the heart from the left atrium to the left ventricle, which valve does it pass through? a. Tricuspid b. Mitral c. Pulmonary d. Aortic

Mitral

What condition is NOT associated with a pulmonary embolism?

Myocardial infarction

Atherosclerosis cannot be prevented BECAUSE it is transmitted by means of an autosomal dominant gene?

NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Infective endocarditis is most often associated with all of the conditions EXCEPT one. Which is the exception?

Normal heart valves

All of the following are possible signs/symptoms of left side heart failure EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Decreased urine production b. Cough with blood-tinged mucus c. Waking up due to shortness of breath d. Pitting edema

Pitting edema

What condition is associated with vasospasms in the small vessels of the skin?

Raynaud's disease

Aschoff bodies are associated with what conditions?

Rheumatic fever

All of the following are true regarding atrial septal defects EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. The hole in the wall is between the right and left atria b. Asymptomatic unless enlarges c. Right-to-left shunt d. Symptoms can include clubbing of fingers

Right-to-left shunt

When valves don't open wide enough to let the normal amount of blood flow through them it is called: a. Regurgitation b. Stenotic c. Prolapse d. Shunt 9. Bacteremias

Stenotic

Drooling after a stroke is caused by what?

Swallowing diffuculties

Cyanosis is associated with a left-to-right cardiac shunt BECAUSE in a left-to-right shunt blood coming from the pulmonary circulation is mixed with blood going into the pulmonary circulation.

The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.

What is NOT a sequela of hypertension?

Transposistion of the great arteries

In atherosclerosis the connective tissue accumulates within the: a. Tunica intima b. Tunica media c. Tunica externa d. Tunica lumen

Tunica intima

All of the following are risk factors for atherosclerosis that can be changed or modified EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Type I diabetes b. Hypertension c. Inactivity d. High cholesterol

Type I diabetes

Deep venous thrombosis develops in what area?

Veins in the leg

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Ventricular septal defect