Pathology review ch.1

Granuloma

Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called a. an exudate b. a granuloma c. an abscess d. hyperplasia

ischemia

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as a. ischemia b. petechiae c. filariasis d. gangrene

Seeding

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called a. tumor grading b. staging c. seeding d. lymphatic spread

Mutations

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called a. mutations b. reduced penetrance c. variable expressivity d. aberrations

pericardial effusion

Extravascular fluid collection surrounding the heart A. Elephantiasis B. Filariasis C. Pericardial effusion D. Peritoneal ascites

hypoplasia

Failure of normal development causing smaller cells A. Atrophy B. Dysplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Hypertrophy E. Hypoplasia

hyperemia

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by a. hyperemia b. scar tissue c. hyperplasia d. infarction

carcinoma

Malignancy of epithelial cell origin A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

malignant

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered a. neoplastic b. benign c. cachexia d. malignant

Hyperplasia

Number of cells in the tissue increases A. Atrophy B. Dysplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Hypertrophy E. Hypoplasia

tumor

Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is a. edema b. tumor c. calor d. dolor

atrophy

Reduction in number or size of cells A. Atrophy B. Dysplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Hypertrophy E. Hypoplasia

Anorexia and dysphagia

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are a. anasarca and dysphagia b. anaplasia and anorexia c. aplasia and gangrene d. anorexia and dysphagia

Antibodies and immunoglobulins

The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming _____ in the lymphoid tissue. a. antibodies b. toxins c. immunoglobulins d. antibodies and immunoglobulins

Enzyme deficiency

The most common hereditary abnormality is a. chromosomal aberration b. enzyme deficiency c. glycogen and lipid storage disease d. sex-linked disorders

squamous cell carcinoma

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up a. adenomas b. sarcomas c. cystadenomas d. squamous cell carcinomas

Active immunity

When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen, it is considered a. passive immunity b. active immunity c. community-acquired immunity d. iatrogenic

Peritoneal ascites

Accumulation of fluid in a serous cavity A. Elephantiasis B. Filariasis C. Pericardial effusion D. Peritoneal ascites

disease process

A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a a. disease process b. pathology c. study of diseases d. idiopathic process

iatrogenic

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is a. idiopathic b. iatrogenic c. neoplasia d. community acquired

Dominant

A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named a. recessive b. dominant c. autosomal recessive d. autosomal dominant

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

A hazy, perihilar, granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of a. AIDS b. Kaposi syndrome c. hepatitis d. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Infarct

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n) a. gangrene b. infarct c. purpura d. ecchymosis

adenocarcinoma

A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n) a. adenoma b. adenocarcinoma c. cystadenoma d. dysplasia

Sarcoma

A malignant tumor arising from connective tissue A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

Filariasis

A parasitic worm causing a lymphatic obstruction A. Elephantiasis B. Filariasis C. Pericardial effusion D. Peritoneal ascites

projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane

A polyp is a a. projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane b. malignant epithelial neoplasm c. benign cartilaginous tumor d. cancer

Ecchymosis

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n) a. purpura b. ecchymosis c. petechia d. infarct

Osteolytic metastasis

All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation, except a. pneumonia b. osteolytic metastasis c. callus d. ascites

Sharps container

All of the following are personal protective equipment (PPE), except a. gown b. gloves c. mask d. sharps container

Bacteremia

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing a. bacteremia b. phagocytosis c. septicemia d. keloid tissue

Neoplasia

Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called a. hyperplasia b. dysplasia c. neoplasia d. aplasia

Anasarca

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called a. bacteremia b. elephantiasis c. filariasis d. anasarca

Hematoma

An accumulation of blood in the tissue A. Ecchymosis B. Hematoma C. Hemorrhage D. Petechiae E. Purpura

Hematoma

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an) a. hematoma b. ecchymosis c. petechiae d. pleural effusion

suppurative

An inflammation associated with pus formation is a. bacteremia b. phagocytosis c. suppurative d. hyperemia

Grading

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as a. staging b. grading c. seeding d. metastatic

Adenomas

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are a. cystadenomas b. adenocarcinomas c. adenomas d. fibromas

Fibroma

Benign tumor consisting of fibrous tissue A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

petechiae

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as a. petechiae b. hemorrhage c. purpura d. ecchymosis

Chondroma

Cartilaginous tumor that is benign A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

Fibrous adhesions

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as a. keloids b. suppurative inflammation c. fibrous adhesions d. hyperemia

Cystadenoma

Forming benign large cystic masses A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

adenocarcinoma

Glandular cell malignancy A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

Anaphylactic reaction

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of a. anaphylactic reactions b. cytotoxic reactions c. histamine release d. delayed reactions

Anaplastic

If a neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered a. anaplastic b. dysplastic c. aplastic d. hyperplastic

Increased blood flow and vascular permeability

In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the a. migration of circulating white blood cells b. increased blood flow and vascular permeability c. regeneration of normal parenchymal cells d. enzymatic digestion of dead cells

granulation tissue

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with a. granulomatous inflammation b. granulation tissue c. phagocytes d. pyogens

Pus

In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called a. bacteria b. pus c. edema d. a scar

Hypertrophy

Increased size of the cells A. Atrophy B. Dysplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Hypertrophy E. Hypoplasia

Echymosis

Large (>1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous bruise A. Ecchymosis B. Hematoma C. Hemorrhage D. Petechiae E. Purpura

Rupture of blood vessels

Larger areas of bleeding into the skin A. Ecchymosis B. Hematoma C. Hemorrhage D. Petechiae E. Rupture of blood vessels

edema

Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation. a. filariasis b. edema c. elephantiasis d. fibrous adhesions

Elephantiasis

Localized edema resulting from a lymphatic obstruction A. Elephantiasis B. Filariasis C. Pericardial effusion D. Peritoneal ascites

Dysplasia

Loss of uniformity of individual cells A. Atrophy B. Dysplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Hypertrophy E. Hypoplasia

Rubor/redness Calor/ heat Dolor/pain Tumor/swelling

Match each of the following terms with the correct answer. a. Rubor 1. Heat b. Calor 2. Pain c. Dolor 3. Redness d. Tumor 4. Swelling

Petechiae

Minimal bleeding in the skin or mucous membrane A. Ecchymosis B. Hematoma C. Hemorrhage D. Petechiae E. Purpura

AIDS

Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of a. anaphylactic reactions b. histamine release c. AIDS d. cytotoxic reactions

Anasarca

Pronounced swelling in subcutaneous tissue throughout the body A. Elephantiasis B. Anasarca C. Pericardial effusion D. Peritoneal ascites

Hemorrhage

Rupture of a blood vessel A. Ecchymosis B. Hematoma C. Hemorrhage D. Petechiae E. Purpura

lipoma

Soft, fatty tissue tumor A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

Toxins

Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as a. toxoids b. pyogens c. toxins d. abscesses

Neoplasia

The Latin word for "new growth" is a. tumor b. seeding c. neoplasia d. ecchymosis

inflammation

The initial response of body tissues to local injury is a. infection b. ischemia c. edema d. inflammation

Transudate

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called a. an abscess b. exudate c. transudate d. filariasis

Lymphatic spread

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is a. lymphatic spread b. undifferentiated spread c. hematopoietic spread d. hematogenous spread

MRI

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS in the central nervous system is a. CT b. nuclear medicine c. ultrasound d. MRI

gangrene

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetic's foot, is called a. infarction b. gangrene c. ischemia d. hemorrhage

Hyperplasia

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of a. hypertrophy b. anaplasia c. hyperplasia d. dysplasia

Exudate

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is a. exudate b. transudate c. pus d. permeable

Human immunodeficiency virus

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is a. hepatitis b. human immunodeficiency virus c. immunoglobulins d. Kaposi sarcoma

oncology

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called a. pathology b. radiology c. oncology d. etiology

Cancer

The term derived from the Latin term for "crab" is a. benign b. oncology c. neoplasia d. cancer

all of the above

The volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of blood loss will determine the a. patient status b. clinical significance c. treatment required d. all of the above

Staged

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be a. seeded b. staged c. graded d. phased

adenoma

Tumor that grows in a glandlike pattern A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma

benign

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called a. malignant b. benign c. cancerous d. dysplastic

Myomas

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called a. myelomas b. myomas c. papilloma d. hypertrophic

Chemotherapy

Using a combination of cytotoxic substances to kill neoplastic cells is called a. radiation therapy b. chemotherapy c. hormonal therapy d. seeding

idiopathic

What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown? a. Idiopathic. b. Antietiologic. c. Iatrogenic. d. Nosocomial

atrophy

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in a. aplasia b. atrophy c. hypoplasia d. dysplasia

Hypoplastic

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered a. hypoplastic b. dysplastic c. hyperplastic d. anaplastic

cachexia

When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as a. cachexia b. petechiae c. anorexia d. anaplastic

Hypertrophy

Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function? a. Neoplastic. b. Hypotrophy. c. Hyperplasia. d. Hypertrophy.

angioma

composed of blood vessels A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Angioma D. Carcinoma E. Chondroma F. Cystadenoma G. Fibroma H. Lipoma I. Sarcoma