Pathophysiology Ch. 16, 18-20
Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of
baroreceptor activity.
A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of
hypertensive crisis.
An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by
positioning the arm above the heart level.
Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?
Preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)
What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?
Vasoconstriction
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at
decreasing myocardial oxygen demands
Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by
lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave
Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?
128/82
An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
ventricular septal defect
Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of
β-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis
False
Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy.
False
An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?
Left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload.
The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is
ST-segment elevation
Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure
Sodium
Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes
True
High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases
afterload
The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with
antibiotics
Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with
antiplatelet drugs.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
Aortic regurgitation is associated with
diastolic murmur.
A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n
elderly woman without a previous history of MI
Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure
mean arterial
Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of
nitric oxide
The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in
non-Hispanic black adults
A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.
obstructive
Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of
peripheral pooling of blood.
An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of
premature ventricular complexes
The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of
reentry mechanisms
Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to
rupture
Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.
secondary
A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
serum potassium
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is
stable angina
Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in
systemic vascular resistance.
Pulse pressure is defined as
systolic pressure - diastolic pressure.
Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?
Class I
After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?
Continue lifestyle modifications only.
The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.
True
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea