pbhl 1103 midterm

Because it increases one's susceptibility to negative health outcomes, alcohol abuse is an example of which type of behavior?

risk

Having unprotected sex is considered a

risk behavior

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1973 gave women the legal right to an abortion?

roe v. wade

A person's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth is referred to as

self-esteem

Which of the following traits is important in relationships and involves having a realistic appreciation of one's own worth and ability?

self-nurturance

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to

set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them.

A sleep-deprived driver is as impaired as an intoxicated driver.

true

About two-thirds of U.S. abortions are performed before the 9 th week of pregnancy.

true

Aggression is more likely to occur during times of acute stress.

true

Any one dimension of psychological health can affect the others

true

Being able to perform activities of daily living is an aspect of physical health.

true

Cardiovascular disease has been identified as a health consequence of chronic stress.

true

Challenges to successful gay and lesbian relationships often include discrimination.

true

Contraceptive implants are more effective at preventing pregnancy than oral contraceptives.

true

Current research suggests that being happy or unhappy has no direct effect on mortality.

true

Cutting or self-mutilation can be a sign of borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or an anxiety disorder.

true

Defense mechanisms are strategies we use to distort our present reality in order to avoid anxiety.

true

Emotional and psychological violence can cause as much harm as physical blows or injuries.

true

Even a full year after a tornado struck their town, community residents were at increased risk for traumatic stress.

true

For a low-income individual without dental insurance, cost can be a perceived barrier to obtaining necessary dental care.

true

Getting enough sleep may reduce a person's susceptibility to colds.

true

Hate crimes sometimes occur because the perpetrator is retaliating for a perceived insult, unfairness, or slight.

true

Health-related quality of life describes the impact of an individual's health on his or her daily functioning.

true

In most cases, the perpetrators of child abuse are members of the child's family.

true

Laughter may increase endorphin levels

true

Men and women often communicate in gender-specific ways, both in their speech patterns and in their body language.

true

Nearly 2 percent of all college students report that they had attempted to kill themselves in the past year.

true

One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and physical environments that promote health.

true

Overseas adoptions can cost $20,000 or more.

true

People with major depression experience physical effects such as sleep disturbance as well as persistent sadness and despair.

true

Psychologically healthy people take time to enjoy and appreciate their surroundings.

true

Psychoneuroimmunology is the scientific study of the interrelationships of mind and body on the immune system.

true

REM sleep restores the body.

true

Sexual jokes, suggestive comments, and sexual innuendo are forms of sexual harassment.

true

Sleep helps the body to conserve energy.

true

Social factors, biology and genetics, individual behavior, health services, and policymaking all combine to determine a person's health status.

true

Social isolation increases the risks for several factors associated with heart disease and cancer.

true

Some research suggests that evolution and genetics both contribute to romantic reactions.

true

Stress can have positive health effects.

true

Stress is thought to be related to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes.

true

Studies associate mindfulness with pain relief.

true

The abortion method known as "partial birth abortion" is illegal in the United States.

true

The longer you sleep, the more time you spend in REM sleep.

true

The meta-message is the message underlying the words that the speaker is trying to convey.

true

The most common cause of male infertility is low sperm count.

true

The need for intimacy means the need for someone with whom we can share our feelings freely.

true

There is a strong association between abuse of pets and abuse of family members.

true

When trying to drive less aggressively, Bekka observed her family and friends' more careful driving, reflected on what she observed, and changed her driving accordingly. This is an example of the social cognitive model of behavior change.

true

n unintentional injury is one in which the injury happens due to circumstances, without a deliberate intent to inflict harm.

true

All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT

tuning out a noisy student in the library.

In troubled relationships, an example of criticism would be

"You're the most self-centered person I've ever met!"

According to a major U.S. consensus statement, most adults should get how many hours of sleep per night for optimal health?

7 or more

Which of the following statements about road safety is true?

Alcohol plays a significant role in bicycle fatalities.

Which of the following statements about the amino acid tryptophan is true?

Peanut butter, bananas, milk, yogurt, and eggs are among the foods high in tryptophan.

Which of the following is TRUE about major depression in college students?

Schizophrenia is a mental illness with biological origins.

Which of the following is TRUE about marital rape?

Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime.

Which of the following statements about guns in America is true?

Some researchers believe that there are more guns in the United States than there are people.

Which of the following is TRUE about major depression?

Symptoms include feeling hopeless and difficulty concentrating.

Which of the following is TRUE about the third trimester of pregnancy?

The fetus needs large amounts of calcium, iron, and protein from the mother's diet.

Which of the following is TRUE about panic attacks?

They can lead to social isolation.

Jo has been seeing a stress-management counselor since she moved to a new city to attend college. Which of the following is the most likely recommendation of the counselor?

Work to maintain healthy relationships with family members and old friends, while also cultivating new sources of social support.

Jeff and Dana have been married for two years. Their relationship involves exclusive sexual involvement with each other. This demonstrates

a monogamous relationship

A pop quiz in class is an example of

a stressor

Catrina just missed hitting a deer as she was driving along a dark, curving road. She felt her racing heart finally slow down after she pulled off the road and took a few deep breaths. This is an example of a(n)

adaptive response

Greg and Kate always support each other's interests, hoping to ensure that the other will succeed. This BEST demonstrates that they are

advocates for each other

Chronic secretion of cortisol increases the risk for diabetes by

affecting blood glucose levels

Preconception health involves all of the following EXCEP

avoiding food containing folic acid.

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n)

belief

Which of the following groups of Americans is most likely to unintentionally fall asleep during the day?

between 18 and 25

Lengthy cohabitation that is considered legally binding in some states is

common-law marriage

In relationships, the process of resolving differences peacefully and creatively is

conflict resolution

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a

consumable reinforcer.

The various methods used to prevent conception are known as

contraception

The sum of exposure to stressors, including complex traumas, is known as

cumulative adversity.

During pregnancy, a woman could increase her folic acid intake by eating

dark leafy greens, citrus fruits, and beans

You have been a successful doctor of internal medicine for many years. You recently gave up your large practice in the city to join the staff of a small-town clinic where you will work four days a week. Which method are you using to manage stress?

downshifting

The leading cause of accidental death in the United States is

drug overdose/poisonings

Health and wellness are best described as

dynamic

If someone you know has been raped, one of the most important steps to take is to

encourage him or her to see a doctor immediately.

A cause of infertility in which uterine tissue is implanted outside the uterus and blocks the fallopian tubes is

endometriosis

Violence directed at others and based on prejudice and discrimination is

ethnoviolence

Ken is the new pastor at a local church. He is both nervous and excited about his new post and is looking forward to meeting all the members of his new congregation. This process will take some time and effort, but he is convinced that it will help him learn how to serve them better. Ken's situation is an example of

eustress

A disabled person can never achieve the highest level of wellness

false

A relationship is intimate only if sex is involved.

false

According to a recent survey, health concerns are the number-one stressor reported by Americans.

false

All spermicides are effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections.

false

Atheists cannot effectively practice mindfulness.

false

Behavioral therapy focuses on changing a person's habitual attitudes to become more positive and productive.

false

Brenda believes in ghosts. When her friend Manami told her about an investigation showing that a supposed haunting of a local theatre was due to natural phenomena, Brenda tuned out. Brenda was engaging in passive listening.

false

Deep breathing is a technique used in yoga but not in other mind-body practices.

false

Excessive drug and alcohol consumption and poor sleep habits are the primary modifiable determinants related to chronic diseases.

false

Experts advise that, if you are approached by a potential assailant, you should not make eye contact.

false

Healthy life expectancy is another term for life span.

false

If you return home to find that your residence has been broken into, you should check every room to see what is missing before calling the police.

false

Multitasking is an effective time-management strategy.

false

Naps are most effective for improving alertness if they are longer than 30 minutes.

false

Nearly 15 percent of all violent acts are attributed to people with serious mental illness.

false

Nicotine and alcohol improve sleep by inducing relaxation.

false

No valid research exists on the effects of massage therapy on mental health.

false

One advantage of the female condom is that it can be used multiple times.

false

One in four new mothers experience postpartum depression.

false

Outercourse is 100 percent effective against STIs.

false

Psychoneuroimmunology studies the effects of disease on emotional health.

false

Restless leg syndrome is an extremely rare disorder, affecting less than 0.5 percent of the U.S. population.

false

Seasonal affective disorder is much more common in the summer than in the winter.

false

Serial monogamy means that partners have sexual involvement outside their primary relationship.

false

The absence of disease or illness is the optimal description of health.

false

The acronym SMART stands for Serious, Measurable, Adaptable, Realistic, and Time-Oriented.

false

The correct term for the uterus in a pregnant woman is the placenta.

false

The majority of nighttime sleep is spent in REM sleep.

false

The media are to blame for the perpetuation of violence in our society.

false

The new etiquette of relationships established under social media has made it perfectly acceptable to break up with someone online.

false

The only reliable treatment for insomnia is prescription sleeping pills.

false

The wellness continuum ranges from a low point of beginning to experience some type of symptom to a high point of optimal health and well-being.

false

Sam and Kris have entered a relationship and are very preoccupied with each other. They constantly want to be with or talk to each other. This example demonstrates that they are

fascinated by each other

Emotional health can best be described as being able to

feel and express emotions appropriately.

Effective health promotion programs

focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health

All the following causes of death are linked to modifiable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT

genetic disease

A collective term for several positive states in which individuals actively embrace the world around them is

happiness

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage

has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change.

Education and policies aimed at reducing distracted driving within a given population exemplify

health promotion

Zack was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). His doctor may include diet and exercise as part of his treatment regimen because

losing weight may reduce his OSA symptoms.

The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges

made same-sex marriage legal in all fifty states.

During stage 4, a sleeping person's pituitary gland releases which of the following hormones?

melatonin

In face-to-face conversations,

men frown more often than women, and women smile more often than men.

Makoto has a disability affecting his movement. Throughout high school, he has been rejected, teased, and bullied. Makoto has been experiencing

minority stress

A person's bone structure is an example of a(n)

nonmodifiable determinant.

Jealousy is more likely when

one partner fears that he or she is losing control over the other.

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model?

perceived susceptibility

A type of mental illness that involves inflexible patterns of thought that, in many cases, lead to socially distressing behavior is a(n)

personality disorder

The network of blood vessels that provides nourishment to the fetus is the

placenta

The most common cause of female infertility in the United States is

polycystic ovary syndrome

Breakdowns in the criminal justice system contribute to violence when

prisons are overcrowded and mental health services are inadequate.

Jake is being treated for depression by a medical doctor who provides talk therapy and has also prescribed medication for his condition. Which type of mental health professional is Jake seeing?

psychiatrist

The mental health professional whose treatment is most likely to be based on Freud's theories is a

psychoanalyst.

Hakim walked into his house one summer day and discovered that the air conditioning was not working. He did not get upset because the last time this happened, he found a great repair company that was fast and affordable; he also had a couple of fans that he used to keep cool until the AC was restored. Hakim did not experience excessive stress because

his appraisal of the stressor told him he could cope with it.

The typical-use failure rate for a contraception method takes into account which of the following?

human error

Exercise reduces stress primarily by

increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones.

Jealousy can be based on all of the following EXCEPT

intense devotion

Violence that occurs between two people in a current or former marriage or sexual or dating relationship is

intimate partner violence

The willful, repeated, and malicious following, harassing, or threatening of another person is

stalking

Javier wants to talk with Stephan about his frustration related to Stephan's excessive spending, but as he is speaking, Stephan keeps texting on his cell phone. This is an example of what pattern common in troubled relationships?

stonewalling

Marie's parents have given her money for a down payment on a new car; they are providing her with

tangible support

Violence against people or property that is rooted in political or social objectives and intended to intimidate is

terrorism