PBIO 1140 Final

The cell theory states that (multiple answer!) A. All organisms are composed of cells. B. Cells arise from preexisting cells. Therefore, all daughter cell proteins are passed from their parent cell. C. Cells contain heritable materials. D. The chemical reactions of life take place within cells.

A. All organisms are composed of cells. C. Cells contain heritable materials. D. The chemical reactions of life take place within cells.

Which chemical below is a branched-chain starch? A. Amylopectin B. Amylose C. Glycogen D. Cellulose

A. Amylopectin

The most abundant organic molecules in nature are A. carbohydrates B. nucleic acids C. proteins D. water molecules E. lipids

A. carbohydrates

The cell's net energy harvest from glycolysis is represented by ATP only ADP only NADH only ATP and NADH

ATP and NADH

The hypothesis that life was seeded to Earth from a different planet is called A. chemical evolution B. spontaneous generation C. panspermia

C. panspermia

Evolution of one species is driven by a close relationship to another species

Coevolution

Phospholipids

Construct Cell membrane

The role of Rubisco is to catalyze the conversion of :

Correct CO2 to an unstable six-carbon compound

By definition, a transformed cell: contains a plasmid Correct contains a recombinant DNA molecule contains a virus is a child's toy

Correct contains a recombinant DNA molecule

A tap root system is composed of a single main root with branching lateraler roots and is characteristic of the grasses. True False

False

All prokaryotes are heterotrophic organisms that require plants to fix solar energy. True False

False

Endosymbiosis theory conclude that both chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA to encode all proteins for their own functions. True False

False

Many of the cereal crops, like corn, are included in the dicots. True False

False

Plant hormones usually act alone and rarely "cross-talk". True False

False

The father of microbiology

A. Anton von Leeuwenhoek

the nucleolus disappears

A. prophase

Carbohydrates

Sugars

In the electron transport chain, quinone molecules shuttle protons from the _______ to the __________. cytosol: intermembrane space outer membrane; inner membrane matrix; intermembrane space intermembrane space; matrix

matrix; intermembrane space

Cell division occurs in the ____________(Choose all that apply) meristem region of elongation cambium

meristem cambium

In meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane during: prophase II metaphase I telophase I metaphase II

metaphase I

A population of organisms that has four alleles for a given gene is said to have: multiple alleles continuous variation polygenic inheritance incomplete dominance

multiple alleles

The process by which favorable mutations in an organism becomes more common with sucessive generations is called evolution artificial selection natural selection survival of fittest

natural selection

Compared to a C3 plant, a C4 plant

needs more ATP to fix CO2

If we use the ladder analogy of DNA structure, the rungs are composed of sugars phosphates alternating sugars and phosphates nitrogenous base pairs

nitrogenous base pairs

If a coleoptile tip is covered with a black glass tube and a light is shown on it from the side, the coleoptile will die bend toward the light bend away from the light not bend.

not bend.

If a short-day plant receives a one-minute exposure to light in the middle of the dark period rather than continuous darkness, it will produce more flowers flower at a lower temperature not flower produce larger flowers

not flower

Meiosis is DIFFERENT from mitosis in that in meiosis: cytokinesis occurs only once the DNA is replicated only once the daughter nuclei have identical gene combinations nuclei different from the original nucleus are produced only one nuclear division is involved.

nuclei different from the original nucleus are produced

In DNA replication, the nucleotide triphosphates dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP are sources of ____________. Select all that apply. nucleotides energy ribose sugars phosphates

nucleotides energy

If two genes are linked, then by definition they: are alleles of the same gene occur on the same chromosome occur on differnet chromatids of the same chromosome will segregate independently

occur on the same chromosome

The style connects the _________ to the ____________. anther; filament ovules; ovary ovary; stigma stamen; ovary

ovary; stigma

In an aerobic respiration pathwy, electrons are extracted from glucose and ultimately accepted by ATP oxygen water carbon dioxide

oxygen

The cell wall component, made of polygalacturonic acid, that is the primary component of the middle lamela is _________________. cellusose chitin pectins hemilcellulose

pectins

The reduction of NADP+ is associated with:

photosystem I

The substitution mutation from one nucleotide to another in a gene is called deletion duplication point mutation frame shift

point mutation

In the center of the embryo sac are the ____________ that fuse with one sperm nuclei to form the endosperm of the seed. ovules eggs polar nuclei sperm nuclei

polar nuclei

In the process of pollination, the: pollen passes from the anther to a stigma pollen tube grows through the style pollen tube enters the embryo sac sperm fertilizes an egg

pollen passes from the anther to a stigma

Which of the follwoing is NOT a necessary condition for a population to be in genetic equilibrium as defined by Hardy-Weinberg? no natrual selection is occuring isolation from other populations (no migration) no mutations are occuring mating is random population size is small

population size is small

Ribosomes are the site of __________ synthesis. carbohydrate nucleic acid lipids protein

protein

Enzymes mainly belong to which class of macromolecules. carbohydrates nucleic acids proteins lipids

proteins

Oxidative phosphorylation depends on a gradient of _______ across the mitochondrial membrane. ADP phosphate protons electrons

protons

The energy released by the flow of electrons along the electron tyransport chain is used directly to: for ATP from ADP and phosphate decarboxylate citrate pump protons reduce FAD

pump protons

When a trait is visible in the F2 generation but not in the F1 generation, that trait is said to be __________. dominant recessive partially dominant heterozygous

recessive

Chlorophyll a absorbs light in the _________ wavelengths.

red

What color of light does a plant use to determine photoperiod (select the best answer)? red blue violet green

red

Chlorophyll appears green because it

reflects green light

The making of new DNA strands from 'parent' strands is called ___________. synthesis transcription translation replication

replication

In the antenna complex, light energy is transferred from one pigment molecule to another by:

resonance energy transfer

Recombinant DNA engineering includes the following steps restriction enzymes cut up DNA DNA molecules are ligated together to make a recombinant plasmid recombinant plasmids are transformed into bacterial cells bacterial colonies are screened based on antibiotic resistance to identify the recombinant plasmid

restriction enzymes cut up DNA DNA molecules are ligated together to make a recombinant plasmid recombinant plasmids are transformed into bacterial cells bacterial colonies are screened based on antibiotic resistance to identify the recombinant plasmid

The nucleolus is the site of ___________ synthesis. ribosome endoplasmic reticulum carbohydrate nucleic acid

ribosome

In roots, gravity is perceived in the root cap columella starch sheath endodermis vascular tissues

root cap columella

When tobacco callus cultures are treated with higher concentrations of auxin than kinetin, _________ is(are) formed. roots shoots more callus leaves

roots

The kanamycin resistance gene in recombinant DNA technology can be used to Clone a particular gene fragment screen for the presence of cells containing recombinant plasmid DNA help the bacterium survive in nature transform a bacterial cell

screen for the presence of cells containing recombinant plasmid DNA

In the shoots, gravity is perceived in the root cap columella starch sheath vascular tissues epidermis

starch sheath

The part of the flower that receives the pollen is the ____________. receptacle stigma style anther

stigma

The Calvin cycle occurs in the ___________ of the chloroplast.

stroma

The type of RNA that brings the correct amino acid to the site of protein synthesis is the _________. mRNA rRNA tRNA it is not RNA at all.

tRNA

Which type of RNA contains the anti-codon? mRNA rRNA tRNA none

tRNA

The 'ends' of the chromosomes are called ____________. centromeres telomers 5' there are no ends

telomers

the nuclear envelopes and nucleoli re-form

telophase

During the initiation phase of translation: the two ribosomal subunits separate a peptide bond is formed the Met-tRNA binds at the start codon the peptide is elongated

the Met-tRNA binds at the start codon

When a trait exhibits continuous variation in a population of organisms, it most likely is due to: one gene having multiple effects one allele not completely masking another allele the contribution by several alleles of the same gene the contribution of several different genes

the contribution of several different genes

_________ is the sum total of all the alleles of all the genes in a population. the genotype the gene pool a species population genetics

the gene pool

Which of the following statements about heliotropism is FALSE the mechanism is similar to stem phototropism is a diurnal movement involving pulvini involves leaves and flowers of many plants is also called solar tracking

the mechanism is similar to stem phototropism

The sole criterion for the fitness of an individual is __________ relative to that of other individuals its strength its resistance to disease the size of its gene pool the number of its surviving offspring

the number of its surviving offspring

If a plant has a trait with the genetic make up of Bb, then its phenotype is blue the plant is homozygous for that trait the plant is heterozygous for the trait the plant has two identical allels for that trait

the plant is heterozygous for the trait

Which is NOT part of the termination stage of translation? the ribosome encounters a stop codon the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon the ribosomal subunits separate the polypeptide chain is released

the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon

Which of the following statements about CAM plants is FALSE?

their water-use efficiency is lower than that of C3 and C4 plants

Scientific conclusions should be verified by theories consulting noted scientific authorities hypotheses government agencies

theories

A hydrophobic portion of a substrate molecule would most likely fit into a __________ region fo its enzyme's active site. positively charged negatively charged hydrophilic hydrophobic polar

hydrophobic

In DNA replication, the lagging strand differs from the leading strand in that the lagging strand is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction in a 3' to 5' direction in fragments using DNA polymerase

in fragments

Long-day plants flower in the summer in early spring or fall when exposed to 8 hr of light anytime

in the summer

When the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of its homozygous parents, this condition is known as: pleiotropy aneuploidy polygenic inheritance incomplete dominance

incomplete dominance

As the temperature increases, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction usually: increases constantly increases up to a point, then decreases decreases constantly decreases to a point, then increases increases, then decreases, then increases again

increases up to a point, then decreases

the direction of a nastic movement is always ___________ the direction of the stimulus. independent of away from toward at right angles to

independent of

The cell cycle is commonly divided into two parts. They are (Choose all that apply) G1 phase G2 phase S phase interphase cytokinesis M phase

interphase M phase

The phragmosome, a structure bisecting the cell prior to cell division ia a portion of the endoplasmic reticulum is derived from the plasma membrane is a ringlike band lying just beneath the plamsa membrane is composed of microtubules and actin filaments

is composed of microtubules and actin filaments

Which of the following is characteristic of Photosystem I but not Phtotsystem II?

it contains P700 at the reaction center

Which of the following statements about the antenna complex is FALSE?

it converts light energy into chemical energy

In the C4 pathway, what happens to the CO2 formed when malate is decarboxylated in the bundle-sheath cells?

it enters the Calvin cycle

Which of the following statements about lignin is false? it is a phenolic compound it adds strength and rigidity to the wall it is deposited in the middle lamella it is commonly found in cells that have a supporting function it is present in cells that have finished growing

it is deposited in the middle lamella

Which of the statements below applies to a cDNA library? (please read the assigned textbook reading materials, Ch 10, PP192-203) it represents all genes that are expressed it contains not only the genes but their promoters and regulators it is made from mRNAs it contains introns it contains exons only it contains clones that represent the entire genome

it represents all genes that are expressed it is made from mRNAs it contains exons only

In general, the energy of a system is defined as the amount of ATP present its capacity to do work the sum total of its chemical bonds the speed at which atoms and molecules move

its capacity to do work

Experiments on cocklebur have shown that photoperiod is perceived by the _____________ of the plant. apical meristem root cap columella leaf blade stem

leaf blade

According to the theories of shoot gravitropism, auxin is redistributed to the __________ side of the stem where it ___________ cell expansion. lower; stimulates lower; inhibits upper; stimulates upper; inhibits

lower; stimulates

Following photolysis, the resulting protons are released into the ____________ contributing to the proton gradient across the ____________ membrane.

lumen of the thylakoid; thylakoid

Which of the following events occurs in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells? (choose all that apply) RNA polymerase attaches to a particular nucleotide sequence on the DNA RNA is synthesized using the 3' to 5' strand as a template two or more structural genes are transcribed onto a signle RNA molecule mRNA transcripts are extensively modified before they leave the nucleus tRNAs, rRNAs, and mRNAs are all involved in the translation process

mRNA transcripts are extensively modified before they leave the nucleu

Which of the following statement about living cells is FALSE? they expend energy to maintain order they are at equilibrium with their surroundings they are open systems they transform energy

they are at equilibrium with their surroundings

In reality the end product of photosynthesis in algae and green plants is

a 3-carbon compound, PGAL

Which of the following statments about recombination speciation is FALSE? a polyploid organism is formed two distinct species hybridize the hybrid becomes a thrid species it is an example of sympatric speciation

a polyploid organism is formed

According to the induced-fit hypothesis: a substrate binds to an active site but not to an effector site the shape of an enzyme is affected by temperature the shape of an enzyme is affected by pH a substrate may cause the active site to change shape

a substrate may cause the active site to change shape

An enzyme binds to its substrate at the ________ site of the substrate (select the best answer). pocket beta-sheet active alpha helix

active

__________ and __________ are the purine bases. adenine cytosine guanine thymine

adenine guanine

Data obtained by Chargaff indicated that in DNA the ratio of nucleotides containing _______________ to those containing ____________ is approximately 1:1. (what binds to what)? adenine; cytosine adenine, thymine guanine, thymine guanine, adenine

adenine, thymine

Speciation that occurs as a result of geographic isolation is called ______________. allopatric sympatric coevolution normal speciation

allopatric

In roots and shoots, the statoliths are chloroplasts amyloplasts cell walls mitochondria

amyloplasts

Sister chromatids separate during: prophase II metaphase I anaphase I anaphase II

anaphase II

Compared with similar plants growing in full sunlight, plants growing in the shade of other plants receive more red light and less far red light are usually shorter have a reduced red/far-red ratio receive more blue light

have a reduced red/far-red ratio

The conversion of PGAL to sucrose takes place in the

cytosol

Before the Krebs cycle actually begins, pyruvate is decarboxylated reduced by NADH phosphorylated joined directly to coenzyme A

decarboxylated

Lignifified cell walls are a sign that plants cells have undergone _____________. elongation differentiation cell division dehydration

differentiation

The DNA molecule has the spape of a single helix double helix staircase triple helix

double helix

The electrochemical gradient resulting from electron transport is due to differences in ________ across the inner mirochondrial membrane. electric charge only proton concentration only electric charge and proton concentration none of the above

electric charge and proton concentration

Most fo the ATP formed in respiration is produced by reactions associated with glycolysis krebs cycle fermentation electron transport chain

electron transport chain

Most of the carriers of the electron transport chain are in the cytosol in the mitochondrial matrix contained between the outer and inner mirochondrial membranes embedded in the inner mitochomdrial membrane embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane

embedded in the inner mitochomdrial membrane

The nuclear envelope may be considered a portion of the nucleoplasm nucleolus nuclear pores endoplamic reticulum the plasma membrane

endoplamic reticulum

The ___________ is the part of the leaf that protects against dessication. epidermis spongy mesophyll palisade parenchyma vascular tissue

epidermis

The plant hormone ____________ is used to speed ripening of climacteric fruit? auxin ethylene cytokinins Abscisic acid Brassinosteroids

ethylene

The plant hormone involved in abscision of fruits and leaves is _______________ auxin ABA ethylene brassinosteroids

ethylene

An enzyme: is typically effective only in large amounts is a type of carbohydrate raises the activation energy of its reaction functions as a catalyst

functions as a catalyst

Aneuploidy refers to the oss of part of a chromosome gain of part of a chromosome gain or loss of some chromosomes gain or loss of a complete set of chromosomes

gain or loss of some chromosomes

As part of the first step in the first preparatory phase of glycolysis glucose molecule is rearranged glucose is split in half glucose is phosphorylated NADH is oxidized

glucose is phosphorylated

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate occurs in glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation krebs cycle electron transport hydrolysis of sucrose and starch

glycolysis

The base complimentary to cytosine is adenine guanine uracil thymine

guanine

The angiosperms are.... (select all answers that apply) 1. comprised of monocots and dicots 2. the also known as flowering plants 3. also include the fungi, ferns and mosses 4. contain the algae

1. comprised of monocots and dicots 2. the also known as flowering plants

The cells specifically designed for light capture for photosynthesis are the __________. 1. palisade parenchyma 2. vascular bundles 3. epidermis 4. spongy mesophyll

1. palisade parenchyma

In a eukaryotic organism, the gametes have _______ number of chromosomes that occur in the somatic cells. he same 1/4 1/2 twice

1/2

If W represents the allel for purple flower color, and w represents the allele for white flower color, what genotypic ratio would you expect in the offspring of a cross between two heterozygous? 1WW:2Ww:1ww 1WW:1ww 3Ww:1ww 1WW:3ww

1WW:2Ww:1ww

Adenine forms _______hydrogen bonds with thymine. 1 2 3 4

2

For each molecule of glucose that completes glycolysis, how many NAD+ are reduced? 0 1 2 3 4

2

In each turn of the Krebs cycle, how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced? 1 2 3 4 5

2

In glycolysis, what is the net energy harvest of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose? 0 1 2 3 4

2

The stomata ....(multiple answer 1. are important structurally for leaf positioning. 2. are surrounded by guard cells 3. are a part of the stem where the branches emerge. 4. are the opening in leaves that allow for gas exchange.

2. are surrounded by guard cells 4. are the opening in leaves that allow for gas exchange.

The tissue specifically designed for sugar transport is the ______________ 1. Stomata 2. phloem 3. mesophyll 4. xylem

2. phloem

A codon consists of _______ nucleotides. 1 2 3 4

3

Because the first detectable product of the Calvin cycle is ____________, the cycle is also known at the ________ pathway.

3-phophoglycerate, C3

The net energy yield from complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose is _________ molecules of ATP. 2 18 36 6

36

In most angiosperms, the endosperm nucleus is: 1N 2N 3N 4N

3N

Proteins

Amino Acids

Which of the following statements concerning hydrotropism is FALSE? Hydrotropism is the directed growth of roots in response to moisture. Decapped roots do not curve hydrotropically Under normal gravity, hydrotropism is suppressed by gravitropism. Auxin is not required for hydrotropism.

Auxin is not required for hydrotropism.

First proposed that cells arise from other.

B. Matthias Schleiden

Which chemical interactions below are covalent A. Salt bridge B. The interaction of the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyal group of another to from a peptide bond C. Hydrogen bond D. Disulfide bond

B. The interaction of the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyal group of another to from a peptide bond D. Disulfide bond

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the modern cell theory? A. Cells arise from other cells B. cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic C. cells contain hereditary information that can be passed on to daughter cells the chemical reactions of a living organism take place within cells D. all living organisms are composed of one or more cells

B. cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Plasmodesmata are: A. carbohydrates that protrude from the plasma membrane B. cytoplasmic threads connecting adjacent cells C. vesicles that move from one portion of the cytoplasm to another D. portions of the trans-Golgi network

B. cytoplasmic threads connecting adjacent cells

Science is A. absolute B. testable C. unpredictable D. mystical

B. testable

A number of people become ill after eating diner in a restaurant. Which of the following statements is a hypothesis? The cooks felt really bad about it. Symptoms include nausea and dizziness. Everyone who ate oysters got sick. Bacteria in the oysters may have caused the illness.

Bacteria in the oysters may have caused the illness.

Which of he following lists the correct sequence that glycoproteins travel throught the endomembrane system? A.ER, trans Golgi, medial Golgi, cis Golgi, B. Plasma membrane, trans Golgi, medial Golgi, cis Golgi, ER C. ER, cis Golgi, medial Golgi, trans Golgi D. ER, medial Golgi, cis Golgi, trans Golgi E.Plamsa membrane, cis Golgi, medial Golgi, trans Golgi

C. ER, cis Golgi, medial Golgi, trans Golgi

The statement "A chemical reaction never creates products that weigh more or less than the reactants," is based on three centruries of experimental observation. The statement is an example of A. a hypothesis B. an observation C. a theory D. data

C. a theory

What activity comes first in the scientific method? A. conclusion B. hypothesis C. observation D. experimentation

C. observation

Results from the near extinction of a species

Bottlenecks

coined the word "cell"

C. Robert Hooke

The chromosome align at the middle of the cell

C. metaphase

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids share which one group of the following elements? A. Carbon, Hydroxyl group B. C, H, O C C, H, N, O, P, S D. Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorus

C. C, H, O

Golgi bodies have the appearance of A. a system of parallel membranes with a narrow space between them B. a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane with numerous invaginations C. stacks of flattened, disk-shaped sacs D. spherical organelles bounded by a single membrane E. small particles, 17-23 nm in diameter

C. stacks of flattened, disk-shaped sacs

The process whereby polymers are formed from monomers releasing a molecule of water for each reactions is called (choose all that apply) Hydration Hydrolysis Condensation Dehydration

Condensation Dehydration

Which evidence below is the weakest point in support of the endosymbiosis theory? Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organism. Organelles have their own DNA and machinery to synthesize proteins. Chloroplasts can divide and reproduce Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are part of the cell to provide cellular activities using some of their own proteins.

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organism.

Organic compound synthesis in a primitive earth like condition

D. Miller and Urey

A nucleosome consists of DNA only histones only DNA wrapped around a core of histones a looped domain in the chromosome

DNA wrapped around a core of histones

The spindle fibers begin to pull the sister chromatids toward the poles

E. anaphase

sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes at the beginning of

E. anaphase

The tertiary structure of a protein is a result of all of the following EXCEPT: A. the folding of the secondary structure B. the linear sequence of amino acids C. the formation of disulfide bonds D. interaction among the R groups of a single polypeptide E. interaction between two or more polypeptide chains

E. interaction between two or more polypeptide chains

Chromosomes lengthen and become indistinct

F. telophase

Lipids

Fatty acids

Results from the immigration or emigration of individuals

Gene Flow

Changes in the gene pool due to chance

Genetic Drift

Which of the following is NOT a finding of Briggs' experiments on the role of auxin in phototropism? (Choose all that apply) : Light does not affect the total amount of auxin. Light does not destroy auxin. Auxin migrates from the lighted side to the dark side. If the tip is split completely by a barrier, more auxin can be isolated from the shaded side than the lighted side.

If the tip is split completely by a barrier, more auxin can be isolated from the shaded side than the lighted side.

Which of the following statements about thigmotropism are true? (Choose all that apply) It enables roots to navigate around rocks. It is a response to contact with a solid object. An example is the climbing of tendrils. Cells touching the support lengthen more than cells on the other side. The stems of peas can store the memory of tactile stimulation.

It enables roots to navigate around rocks. It is a response to contact with a solid object. An example is the climbing of tendrils. The stems of peas can store the memory of tactile stimulation.

Select all statements that apply to the Hardy-Weinberg principle. Select all that apply. It explains why dominant alleles do not drive out recessives it explains why both dominant and recessive allels can remain in a population it provides a standard for detecting evolutionary change it is based on assumptions that hold true for natural populations it provides a standard against which we can measure changes in allele frequencies

It explains why dominant alleles do not drive out recessives it explains why both dominant and recessive allels can remain in a population it provides a standard for detecting evolutionary change it provides a standard against which we can measure changes in allele frequencies

Which of the following statements about abscisic acid is FALSE? It has no direct role in abscission. It induces the closing of stomata. It prevents premature seed germination. It inhibits the production of seed storage proteins.

It inhibits the production of seed storage proteins.

Which of the following statments about DNA replication in eukaryotes are true? Select all that apply. It occurs on bond strands simultaneously Helicases break the hydrogen bonds between bases to open the double helix DNA polymerases catalyzes the synthesis of new strands the leading strand is composed by linking Okazagi fragments there are multiple origins of replication

It occurs on bond strands simultaneously Helicases break the hydrogen bonds between bases to open the double helix DNA polymerases catalyzes the synthesis of new strands the leading strand is composed by linking Okazagi fragments there are multiple origins of replication

Which of the following statements is FALSE about cytokinin? They stimulate cell division. The most active naturally occurring cytokinin is zeatin. Kinetin is a naturally occurring cytokinin. They are present in bleeding sap.

Kinetin is a naturally occurring cytokinin.

The energy-transduction reactions of photosynthesis are also called the __________ reactions. choose all that apply.

Light Hill

Inbreeding

Non random mating

Nucleic acids

Nucleotide

The common cellular structure of all organisms is Plasma membrane Cell wall Nuclear envelope proteins

Plasma membrane

Which is not part of the endomembrane system? ER Golgi Plastids plamsa membrane nuclear membrane

Plastids

Which of the following statements about Pr amd Pfr is FALSE? they are photoreceptors they participate in photoconversion reactions Pr is the biologically active form Pr absorbs red light.

Pr is the biologically active form

Cutin, Seberin, Waxes

Prevent water loss

Suppose lettuce seed are exposed to a series of alternating flashes of red light (R) and far-red light (FR). Which of the following series to result in germination of the seeds? FR only R, FR R, FR, R R,FR,R,FR

R, FR, R

Transcription refers to the process in which _______ is made from ________. protein, DNA RNA, DNA protein, RNA DNA, RNA

RNA, DNA

If the allele for red flower color is dominat to white, which of the following represents a cross between a white-flowered plant and a plant heterozygous for flower color? RR xRR RR x Rr Rr x rr RR x rr

Rr x rr

DNA replication occurs durring the ______ phase of the cell cycle. G1 G2 S Mitosis

S

In the cell cycle, interphase consists of (Choose all that apply) mitosis cytokinesis S phase G1 phase G2 phase

S phase G1 phase G2 phase

Steroids

Stabilize cell membranes or function as hormone signaling molecules

Triglyceraldehydes

Store Energy

A single or small group of individual initiates a new population

The founders effect

What are the major differences between the structure of RNA and DNA? The sugars: ribose vs deoxyribose uracil vs. thymine single stranded vs. double stranded uracil vs adenine

The sugars: ribose vs deoxyribose uracil vs. thymine single stranded vs. double stranded

Dicots are defined by having two (2) seed leaves. True False

True

Root hairs are single cell protrusions and are designed to increase surface area of the roots for water uptake. True False

True

Suppose that genes X, Y, Z are linked and that crossing-over occurs between X and Y 20% of the time, between Y and Z 30% of the time and between X and Z 10% of the time. Which genes are farthest apart on the chromosome? X and Y X and Z Y and Z X and Y, Y and Z (equally far apart)

Y and Z

Which of the following statements are mechnisms that promote outbreeding in plants? select all that apply. anatomical arrangment that inhibit self-pollination increased rates of crossing-over genes for self- sterility (self- incompatibility) pollen and stigma maturing at different times male and female flowers on different plants

anatomical arrangment that inhibit self-pollination genes for self- sterility (self- incompatibility) pollen and stigma maturing at different times male and female flowers on different plants

The ___________ in the cell sap are responsible for the red and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables. carotenoids xanthophylls anthocyanins chlorophylls

anthocyanins

PIN proteins are auxin influx carriers are auxin efflux carriers catalyze the conversion of auxin to the amino acid tryptophan. are important in brassinosteroid transport

are auxin efflux carriers

Introns are segments of a gene that (choose all that apply): are transcribed into segments of mRNA which are snipped out before translation occur in prokaryotic but not eukaryotic chromosomes consist of RNA rather than DNA are translated into protein

are transcribed into segments of mRNA which are snipped out before translation

Humans breed plants and animals so that the animals better suit human need through the process of natural selection survival of the fittest evolution articifical selection

articifical selection

Which of the following is NOT part of Darvwin's formaultion of the process of evolution? natural selection leads to changes in populations variations within species is the raw materials of the evolutionary process formation of new species occurs over very long periods of time articificial selection is important to the process of evolution the environment serves as a selection pressure

articificial selection is important to the process of evolution

Polypeptides destined for membranes of the Golgi complex are synthesized on ribosomes: that are free in the cytosol attached to the endoplasmic reticulum in the nucleus in the plastids

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

When polar auxin is delivered from stem to root, it is transported ___________ in stems; and _____________ in roots. acropetal; acropetal basipetal; basipetal acropetal; basipetal basipetal; acropetal

basipetal; acropetal

Mitochondria and chloroplasts, like prokaryotes, reproduce by ____________. mitosis binary fission vesicle fusion cytokinesis

binary fission

What color light is most effective in producing a phototropic response? red blue green yellow

blue

One plant hormone involved in differientiation of vascular tissue is ________________. ethylene cytokinin brassinosteroid abscisic acid

brassinosteroid

Some dwarf plants are short because they produce too much gibberellin cannot synthesize auxin cannot synthesize gibberellin cannot synthesize ethylene

cannot synthesize gibberellin

Which of the following is/are NOT part of the protoplast? cytoplasm nucleus organelles ribosomes cell wall plasma membrane

cell wall

The kinetochores are protein complexes associated with the phragmoplast phragmosome centrosomes centromeres

centromeres

The pigment that occurs in all photosynthetic eukaryotes is ______________.

chlorophyll a

The principle organelle used in photosynthesis is the ______________. nucleas endoplasmic reticulum chloroplast mitochondria

chloroplast

What is the general name for a non-protein component that is required for activity of some enzymes. co-factor co-enzyme ion adaptor

co-factor

All plant hormones are equally effective in free and bound forms. act in the tissues where they are produced. are active in large quantities. communicate information.

communicate information.

A restiction enzyme would most likely be used to transfer a plasmid into a bacterial cell stimulate a transformed cell to divide cut DNA into fragments paste DNA fragments together

cut DNA into fragments

Which of the following statements about alleles is/are true? choose all that apply. they are different forms of the same gene a diploid cell usually has two alleles for each gene they occupy different sites on homologous chromosomes the location of an allele is called its locus dominant alleles are represented by uppercase letters

they are different forms of the same gene a diploid cell usually has two alleles for each gene the location of an allele is called its locus dominant alleles are represented by uppercase letters

Which of the following statements about promoters is FALSE? They are specific nucleotide sequences of DNA they consist of 3 nucleotides that bind to a codon they determine the position where RNA synthesis begins they determine which DNA strand is used as a template They are binding sites for RNA polymerase

they consist of 3 nucleotides that bind to a codon

In contrast to a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell (Choose all that apply) ivides by binary fission contains a single, very large DNA molecule can divide into two daughter cells undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis undergoes only cytoplasmic division

undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis

In CAM plants, malate formed as the end product of CO2 fixation in the dark is stored as malic acid in the:

vacuole

The oxygen evolved during photosynthesis come from ____________

water

Which of the following is not an example of potential energy? a charge flashlight battery a boulder at the top of a hill a tank of gasoline water at the bottom of a waterfall an apple on a branch

water at the bottom of a waterfall