PCRQs M Week 7

the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period

When considering the extinctions at the ends of the Permian Period and the Cretaceous Period, which had a more rapid increase in the number of genera in the first 65 million years after the extinction event? 1. the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period 2. the extinction at the end of the Permian Period

an estimate of the rate of accumulation of genetic divergence between two populations or species.

A molecular clock is: 1. an estimate of the rate of accumulation of genetic divergence between two populations or species. 2. a clock that uses atoms for accurate time keeping. 3. a tool used to identify the rate of mutation, and it is the same for all genes. 4. a tool for studying evolution that has no real-world applications.

580 million years ago

According to the fossil record, when did the earliest animals appear on Earth? a. 580 million years ago b. 55 million years ago c. 300 million years ago d. 420 million years ago

by exhibiting some features of ancestral organisms and some features of more derived organisms

How can fossils provide evidence for macroevolutionary processes, such as the divergence of two species from a common ancestor? 1. by exhibiting some features of ancestral organisms and some features of more derived organisms 2. by providing a complete record of the history of life 3. by preserving the bones rather than the soft parts of ancient organisms 4. by preserving a large number of organisms present in one place and one time, as is seen in Messel Shale

The soft tissues of mosses may not have fossilized as readily as the more decay-resistant tissues of ferns, so it is difficult to draw any conclusions from this limited sample.

In a particular layer of rock, a number of fossilized ferns are found, but no fossilized mosses. What conclusions can be drawn from this finding? 1. The soft tissues of mosses may not have fossilized as readily as the more decay-resistant tissues of ferns, so it is difficult to draw any conclusions from this limited sample. 2. Mosses and ferns did not coexist in the same environment. 3. There are fewer species of moss than ferns. 4. Ferns evolved earlier than mosses, so it is not surprising to find a layer with only ferns and no mosses. 5. Ferns decompose more rapidly than mosses and thus are more likely to fossilize.

Graph 4 / (from steepest to least: H, M, K)

In a study of three proteins, M, H, and K, that have approximately equal length in humans and cows and which shared a common ancestor about 90 million years ago, a researcher finds: Protein : M__H__K Number of amino acid differences 12__37__4 (**supposed to be a table) Which graph below best depicts these data? a. Graph 4 / (from steepest to least: H, M, K) b. Graph 3 / (from steepest to least: H, K, M) c. Graph 2 / (from steepest to least: K, M, H) d. Graph 1 / (from steepest to least: M, H, K)

A range of features can be used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses.

Which of the answer choices is a benefit of reconstructing evolutionary history from living organisms? 1. A range of features can be used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses. 2. The time dimension of speciation events can be calculated with greater certainty. 3. Evolutionary links running through extinct species can be inferred easily. 4. The environmental context is more easily observable.

layer 5

You are looking at a cross section of a mountain, and there are five layers that are exposed. Layer 1 is at the surface, with four more layers beneath it, ending with layer 5. Which layer will have the highest amount of 14N? a. layer 5 b. layer 4 c. layer 3 d. layer 2 e. Layer 1