PECT Exam

Prior knowledge makes learning: A. All of the answers are correct B. More memorable C. Personal to us D. Easier

A. All of the answers are correct

What psychosocial crisis results in either a feeling of confidence or inadequacy? A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt B. Trust vs. mistrust C. Intimacy vs. isolation D. Identity vs. role confusion

A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Why is the successful completion of the trust versus mistrust stage important? A. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become anxious and insecure. B. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become a liar. C. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will not be trustworthy. D. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will not understand the concept of trust.

A. Because if this stage is not successfully completed, the individual will become anxious and insecure.

Activating prior knowledge can prepare you for learning. One way to do so is by: A. Brainstorming B. Taking pictures C. None of the answers are correct D. Surrounding yourself with the topic to be learned

A. Brainstorming

Focusing on one aspect of a situation and ignoring others is called: A. Centration B. Cognitive development C. Conservation D. Decentration

A. Centration

All of the following influence probabilistic epigenesis, EXCEPT: A. Culture B. Genetic activity C. Environment D. Neural activity

A. Culture

According to Freud, how might parents being overly demanding during toilet training affect a person's development? A. He might become obsessed with control and order B. He would be more likely to smoke C. He would become focused on his genitalia D. He might be slower to reach puberty

A. He might become obsessed with control and order

Which of the following is NOT a physical change that occurs during early childhood? A. Increased vocabulary B. Increased balance C. Increased fine motor coordination D. Increased overall control of the body

A. Increased vocabulary

What stage of child development would a one-year-old fall into? A. Infancy B. Early childhood C. Adolescence D. Late childhood

A. Infancy

Why is an increase in balance so important to a child's physical development in early childhood? A. It makes additional exploration of the child's environment possible, which leads to learning. B. It allows the child to support their head on their own in a meaningful way. C. It allows the child to make purposeful use of their fingers in coordination with other senses. D. It allows the child to do many things that they were unable to do before, such as writing and dressing.

A. It makes additional exploration of the child's environment possible, which leads to learning.

According to evolutionary psychology, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: A. Learning is randomly acquired. B. Learning is planned to occur in a certain way, so it can be built upon. C. The human brain comes into the world with some idea of how the world is structured. D. A young child's working memory is limited.

A. Learning is randomly acquired.

All of the following are characteristics of operant conditioning EXCEPT: A. Learning occurs prior to the response B. It is learned by reinforcement or punishment C. Learning occurs after the response D. It combines behavior and response

A. Learning occurs prior to the response

Many children in kindergarten enjoy playing 'house.' How does the value of play benefit young children, according to Vygotsky? A. Play should be encouraged because it promotes new cognitive skills. B. Play should be encouraged because it allows the teacher a chance to assess the students. C. Play should be encouraged because it allows children time to have fun. D. Play should be discouraged because allowing children to pretend slows cognitive development.

A. Play should be encouraged because it promotes new cognitive skills.

What is the definition of evolutionary developmental psychology? A. The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to human development. B. The study of genetic mutations over many generations. C. The study of changes in human behavior over many generations. D. The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to genetic mutation.

A. The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to human development.

Grace believes that a person is born with a certain degree of intelligence and that the environment they are raised in has little to do with their intelligence. Which theme in psychology does her belief represent? A. The nature vs. nurture debate B. The interaction of body and environment C. The interaction of nature and nurture D. The nature vs. environment debate

A. The nature vs. nurture debate

How do you define epigenesis? A. The process through which genetics and environment bring forth development B. The process through which genetics and behavior bring forth development C. The process through which genetics and neural activity bring forth development D. The process through which behavior and environment bring forth development

A. The process through which genetics and environment bring forth development

Alex and Betty are the exact same age, but Alex has a learning disability. Should we expect their respective levels of cognitive development to be the same or different? Why? A. They may be different, because Alex has a disability. B. They may be different, because Betty is a girl. C. They will be the same, because they're the same age. D. They may be different, because Alex is a boy.

A. They may be different, because Alex has a disability.

Bandura's study involving young children and a Bobo doll revealed that: A. children exposed to a model treating a doll aggressively learned aggressive behavior through imitation. B. aggressive behavior from adults toward toys had no impact on C. children's behaviors with toys. D. children are naturally violent when playing with dolls. E. when left alone, children preferred to play with dolls over blocks.

A. children exposed to a model treating a doll aggressively learned aggressive behavior through imitation.

Learning how to do multiplication is an example of _____. A. cognitive development B. emotional development C. developmental psychology D. social development

A. cognitive development

While working with patients with snake phobias, Bandura found that _____ were more effective in treating phobias than persuasion. A. observations B. evasive maneuvers C. conversions D. punishments E. rewards

A. observations

Cooley describes 'the looking-glass self' as _____. A. people seeing themselves as they believe others see them B. people being egocentric C. how children are a reflection of the parents D. how we see our parents in ourselves

A. people seeing themselves as they believe others see them

A cornerstone of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is that society and culture play a key role in promoting development. What type of perspective is this considered to be? A. A linguistic perspective B. A sociocultural perspective C. A naive psychology perspective D. An autonomous learning perspective

B. A sociocultural perspective

Prior knowledge refers to: A. Experiences we may have already had with a certain topic B. All of the answers are correct C. The information we already have in our brains about a topic D. What we already know before we learn more about a topic

B. All of the answers are correct

According to educational psychologists, which parenting style is considered to be ideal -- most often resulting in children with high self-esteem, good social skills, and success at school? A. Authoritarian B. Authoritative C. Indulgent D. Neglecting

B. Authoritative

Sasha gets a low grade on her math homework. Normally, her parents would take away her allowance and explain why math is important. However, on this occasion, they listen when Sasha explains that she was distracted because she was ill, so they decide not to punish her. What kind of parenting style is this? A. Indulgent B. Authoritative C. Neglecting D. Mixed modeling

B. Authoritative

Why is the microsystem the most influential environmental level in a person's life? A. Because it involves a person's cultural environment. B. Because it is the system where a person has the most direct contact with factors influencing development. C. Because it takes into account the time in which the person grew up. D. Because it includes the decisions that affected their life, even if they didn't make those decisions personally.

B. Because it is the system where a person has the most direct contact with factors influencing development.

During which of Erikson's stages do children begin to identify their strengths and take pleasure in their accomplishments? A. Identity vs. role confusion B. Industry vs. inferiority C. Basic trust vs. basic mistrust D. Intimacy vs. isolation

B. Industry vs. inferiority

Being able to control your behaviors is called: A. Relational control B. Self-regulation C. Behavior control D. Hostile control E. Instrumental control

B. Self-regulation

A child's self-esteem is affected by all of the following factors, EXCEPT: A. Being encouraged to communicate B. Spending a lot of time doing homework C. Receiving praise for accomplishments D. Receiving attention from parents

B. Spending a lot of time doing homework

How is the sense of 'self' developed? A. The sense of self is developed through an ecological process that begins in early childhood, and is influenced by the external environment. B. The sense of self is developed through a socialization process that begins in early childhood, and is influenced by the family, peers, teachers, and the media. C. The sense of self is developed through a biological process that begins in mid life, and is influenced by the aging process. D. The sense of self is developed through a biological process that begins in early childhood, and is influenced by the genes and chromosomes.

B. The sense of self is developed through a socialization process that begins in early childhood, and is influenced by the family, peers, teachers, and the media.

What is the correct definition of self-esteem? A. When we think we don't measure up. B. The way we feel about ourselves. C. A person's perspective on their values. D. When we feel really good about ourselves.

B. The way we feel about ourselves.

Why is prior knowledge important? A. We are better as blank slates. B. To learn, our brain seeks to make connections between the information we already have and the new information being learned. C. It allows us to form a biased or unbiased opinion about a specific topic. D. Teachers do not have time to teach everything.

B. To learn, our brain seeks to make connections between the information we already have and the new information being learned.

A pigeon receives a seed each time it pecks an electronic button on a device. If the button were to be turned off, the pigeon will peck at the button again and again, although no food comes out of the device. This is an example of _____. A. stimulus generalization B. extinction burst C. frustration response D. conditioned response

B. extinction burst

Which of the following is an example of addressing a child's abilities in order to heighten self-esteem? A. After a soccer game the parent says, 'You did great today! But if you just ran faster you could have made more than one goal.' B. After a singing concert, the parent says, 'Next time sing a little louder and then you'll do better.' C. After the soccer game a parent says, 'You did great today! You were able to run fast and still kick the ball into the goal!' D. After a singing concert, the parent says, 'The group did well tonight, didn't they?'

C. After the soccer game a parent says, 'You did great today! You were able to run fast and still kick the ball into the goal!'

According to Freud, someone who compulsively bites their nails might have experienced which of the following as a young child? A. Unstimulating activities during key phases of development B. Poor bonding between mother and child C. An overly restrictive breastfeeding schedule D. Forced toilet training at a developmentally inappropriate age

C. An overly restrictive breastfeeding schedule

Why does physical bullying fall under the category of hostile aggression? A. Because bullying can be a mix of physical and psychological B. Because most bullying is physical rather than psychological C. Because the main intent is to hurt someone D. Because most bullying is psychological rather than physical

C. Because the main intent is to hurt someone

According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage have difficulty taking the perspective of another person. They are demonstrating _____. A. Accommodation B. Assimilation C. Egocentrism D. Reversibility E. Conservation

C. Egocentrism

How can parents foster independence and also offer security? A. Tell children to do their own thing and show them how to do it B. Guide an infant to play on their own, while leaving the room C. Encourage children to do something on their own, while assuring them they will be there to offer needed help D. Don't allow children to do things that might hurt them, like play sports, so they will make safe decisions later

C. Encourage children to do something on their own, while assuring them they will be there to offer needed help

Which of the following BEST explains the impact of Freud's theories of psychosexual development? A. Modern psychologists use Freud's stages of development to diagnose and treat their patients. B. Anthropologists have corroborated that Freud's theories apply to most people and cultures. C. Freud's theories help us understand how personal biases affect our understanding of psychology. D. Freud's theories of development have been proven scientifically through psychological studies.

C. Freud's theories help us understand how personal biases affect our understanding of psychology.

Jonah is supposed to play video games for only 15 minutes per day, but one day, he plays for 30 minutes. His parents do nothing and allow him to play as long as he wants with no punishment, and instead, they praise him for getting to level 10 in the game. What parenting style are Jonah's parents using? A. Authoritative B. Neglecting C. Indulgent D. Mixed modeling

C. Indulgent

According to Vygotsky, which of the following is true about the acquisition of meaning and understanding? A. Meaning is acquired individually through scaffolding. B. Meaning is acquired through behavioral reinforcement. C. Meaning is acquired as people interact. D. Meaning is acquired in a passive, reflective manner.

C. Meaning is acquired as people interact.

Anita gets all Ds and Fs on her report card. Her parents don't seem to care and tend to avoid spending time with her. They give Anita neither positive nor negative attention. What kind of parenting style is this? A. Authoritarian B. Authoritative C. Neglecting D. Mixed modeling

C. Neglecting

Which of the following refers to the way environment or behavior can affect a person's brain? A. Mind mapping B. Nature C. Plasticity D. Critical thinking

C. Plasticity

Which of the following is true? A. The less you know about a subject, the easier it is for someone to teach it to you. B. Without prior knowledge, new learning is impossible. C. Prior knowledge makes learning easier. D. Activating prior knowledge can only be done with a teacher.

C. Prior knowledge makes learning easier.

How has natural selection affected our development? A. The development of males is thought to be related to natural selection, but the development of females has not been affected by this process. B. The process of natural selection occurs from one generation to the next when someone inherits a developmental abnormality. C. The characteristic behaviors that occur during different developmental periods have developed through the process of natural selection. D. There has been a natural selection for the genes related to developmental abnormalities.

C. The characteristic behaviors that occur during different developmental periods have developed through the process of natural selection.

Knowing that someone grew up before TVs existed is an example of understanding someone based on their _____. A. mesosystem B. macrosystem C. chronosystem D. exosystem

C. chronosystem

Which of the following areas of thinking is NOT included in concrete operational structure? A. class inclusion B. conservation C. conceptualization D. numerical operations E. ordering

C. conceptualization

The study of how people's thoughts, behaviors, emotions, and relationships change as they grow is referred to as _____. A. emotional development B. cognitive development C. developmental psychology D. social development

C. developmental psychology

The study of behavior as it relates to evolution and the survival of a species is called _____. A. psychobiology B. probabilistic C. ethnology D. epigenesis

C. ethnology

When Dr. Jones gives a lecture on inherited traits encoded into a person's DNA, she is teaching about _____. A. plasticity B. identity C. genes D. nurture

C. genes

Your son doesn't like to clean his room. Every time you remind him to put away his things and make his bed, he complains until you give in and tidy the room for him to stop his whining. This is an example of _____ for your son. A. negative punishment B. positive punishment C. negative reinforcement D. positive reinforcement

C. negative reinforcement

Studies indicate that children whose parents were substance abusers _____ on standardized tests. A. score higher B. do well C. score lower D. cheat

C. score lower

Which of the following statements would Uri Bronfenbrenner agree with? A. The economy and political system are part of a child's microsystem. B. A parent's workplace is part of a child's macrosystem. C. A person's parents are the only things that influence their development. D. A person's development is affected by everything in the surrounding environment.

D. A person's development is affected by everything in the surrounding environment.

Child development includes which of the following aspects? A. Social growth and maturation B. Cognitive growth and maturation C. Physical growth and maturation D. All of the answers are correct

D. All of the answers are correct

Which of the following changes are common during adolescence: A. Breast development in females B. Facial hair in males C. Sexual maturation D. All of these changes occur in adolescence

D. All of these changes occur in adolescence

Why are developmental outcomes difficult to predict? A. Because development is the result of the combination of behavioral factors and nutrition, where certain nutrients determine the expression of a person's genetic potential. B. Because we do not have the necessary technology yet. C. Because there are many people who have a nomadic lifestyle. D. Because development is the result of a complex process where the environment determines the expression of a person's genetic potential.

D. Because development is the result of a complex process where the environment determines the expression of a person's genetic potential.

According to evolutionary developmental psychology, why are people better able to learn to identify animals tracks than car parts? A. Because people are more exposed to animal tracks than car parts. B. Because animal tracks are bigger than most car parts. C. Because there is more variety in car parts than in animal tracks. D. Because identifying animal tracks was part of our ancestral development. E. Because cars are more complex than animals.

D. Because identifying animal tracks was part of our ancestral development.

The _____ stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by the development of logical operations, classification, and conservation. A. Formal Operational B. Operational C. Preoperational D. Concrete Operational E. Sensorimotor

D. Concrete Operational

Conservation depends partly upon: A. Centration B. Objectivity C. Mathematical ability D. Decentration

D. Decentration

How is self-esteem related to social development? A. It causes social development to take place more slowly. B. All are correct, it depends on the child's personal experience. C. Lower self-esteem frequently leads to positive interactions with others, which then keeps the self-esteem low. D. Healthy self-esteem can lead to positive interactions with others, and positive interactions lead to higher self-esteem

D. Healthy self-esteem can lead to positive interactions with others, and positive interactions lead to higher self-esteem

Mary is beginning to see herself primarily as a musician, and is focusing less on activities that don't relate to music. Mary is in which of Erikson's stages? A. Intimacy vs. isolation B. Industry vs. inferiority C. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt D. Identity vs. role confusion

D. Identity vs. role confusion

Aggression, where the focus is on getting what you want, but not on hurting others, is: A. Relational B. Hostile C. Self-regulation D. Instrumental E. Behavioral

D. Instrumental

According to Vygotsky, what is the process of students constructing an internal representation of processes they use in social contexts and using them independently? A. Accommodation B. Naive psychology C. Scaffolding D. Internalization

D. Internalization

Why is parental substance abuse a major issue? A. It encourages children to imitate their parents. B. It is the biggest cause of divorces. C. It leads to poverty and crime. D. It disrupts the bonding between parent and child.

D. It disrupts the bonding between parent and child.

Why is the development of fine motor coordination in early childhood so important? A. It enables children to control their head movements. B. It allows children to examine their world and understand it even more profoundly than before. C. It is imperative to language development. D. It is involved in countless activities that children and adults may take for granted, such as playing sports, drawing, and writing.

D. It is involved in countless activities that children and adults may take for granted, such as playing sports, drawing, and writing.

When Samir accidentally breaks a glass plate while washing dishes, his parents immediately scream that he's a bad kid and beat him. Which behaviors is Samir likely to exhibit in school as a result of his parents' authoritarian parenting style? A. Independence but with low trust levels B. Trust, compliance, and friendliness toward strangers C. Aggressiveness, selfishness, and impulsiveness D. Low self-esteem and an inability to conceptualize what is morally right or wrong

D. Low self-esteem and an inability to conceptualize what is morally right or wrong

Self-efficacy is a term that refers to which of the following? A. When self-esteem lowers to the point where people are unwilling to take risks. B. It is synonymous with self-regulation or being able to control one's desires. C. When a person begins to balance the outcome expectancy of any given situation. D. People's expectations that they are capable of performing a behavior that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation. E. Doing what you want, when you want and not worrying about the consequences.

D. People's expectations that they are capable of performing a behavior that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation.

How are social development and emotional development different? A. Social development is about learning how groups are structured, while emotional development is about learning the relationships between emotions. B. Social development is about understanding emotions, while emotional development is about learning to interact with others. C. Social development is about learning how groups are structured, while emotional development is about understanding emotions. D. Social development is about learning to interact with others, while emotional development is about understanding emotions.

D. Social development is about learning to interact with others, while emotional development is about understanding emotions.

How does decentration differ from centration? A. Centration requires the consideration of more information than decentration. B. Decentration happens earlier in boys than in girls. C. Only centration is the product of cognitive development. D. Taking into consideration multiple aspects of a situation only happens in decentration.

D. Taking into consideration multiple aspects of a situation only happens in decentration.

Tommy has a strong sense of morality. According to Freud, this would indicate he has worked through which of the following feelings? A. The Phallic Complex, or obsession with body parts B. The Id Complex, or the desire to kill his mother and father C. The Electra Complex, or sexual confusion with regards to his parents D. The Oedipus Complex, or sexual desire for his mother and desire to kill his father

D. The Oedipus Complex, or sexual desire for his mother and desire to kill his father

A flat rectangle of snow covering a driveway is shovelled into a big, tall pile. If a child has a sense of conservation, then what conclusion will they draw about the snow? A. There was more snow on the driveway. B. There's more snow in the pile. C. The snow on the driveway and in the pile are completely different. D. The amount of snow covering the driveway and in the pile are the same.

D. The amount of snow covering the driveway and in the pile are the same.

What is another term for middle childhood? A. The terrible twos B. The teenage years C. The baby stage D. The school years

D. The school years

How are the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem similar? A. Critics felt that these levels were not worthy of being part of the theory. B. They all involve caregivers. C. They might not affect a person's development. D. They all have indirect impacts on a person's development.

D. They all have indirect impacts on a person's development.

Early childhood is a very important time of change and growth that occurs between the ages of _____ and _____. A. five; ten B. 18 months; four years C. one; five D. birth;eight

D. birth;eight

Your young daughter had never feared spiders. But after seeing you screech and react in fear a few times when a spider appeared in the house, she now cries whenever she sees a spider. This is an example of _____. A. operant conditioning B. spontaneous recovery C. stimulus generalization D. classical conditioning

D. classical conditioning

Development is the process of _____ and _____ that everyone goes through. A. growth; life B. change; intelligence C. change; relationships D. growth; change E. growth; behaviors

D. growth; change

The level that includes the interactions between the different microsystems in a person's life is the _____. A. exosystem B. chronosystem C. macrosystem D. mesosystem

D. mesosystem

Erikson characterizes development as a series of _____. A. ethical stages B. psychomoral stages C. psychosexual stages D. psychosocial stages

D. psychosocial stages

A conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, but not exactly the same, is called _____. A. neutral stimulus B. unconditioned stimulus C. spontaneous recovery D. stimulus generalization

D. stimulus generalization

The two processes that allow children's brains to learn more in less time and become overall more functional during early childhood are _____ and _____. A. synaptic pruning; synaptic reasoning B. synaptic growth; synaptic reasoning C. synaptic addition; synaptic subtraction D. synaptic growth; synaptic pruning

D. synaptic growth; synaptic pruning

According to emotional development theories, _____ A. 3-year-olds are better at understanding other people's emotions than 11-year-olds. B. 3-year-olds cry less than 11-year-olds. C. 11-year-olds are more emotional than 3-year-olds. D. 3-year-olds and 11-year-olds have similar levels of emotional intelligence. E. 11-year-olds are better at understanding other people's emotions than 3-year-olds.

E. 11-year-olds are better at understanding other people's emotions than 3-year-olds.

Why is natural selection an essential part of evolution? A. Because natural selection explains why species reproduce. B. Because natural selection explains why certain species remain the same. C. None of these answers are correct. D. Because natural selection predicts how long a species will survive. E. Because natural selection explains how species adapt by changing their genetic makeup from one generation to the next.

E. Because natural selection explains how species adapt by changing their genetic makeup from one generation to the next.

Which of the following is NOT an example of relational aggression? A. Encouraging others to ignore a person B. Breaking a person's confidence by disclosing their secrets to others C. Posting unflattering photos of a person on social media D. Gossiping and spreading rumors about another person E. Pushing a relative to the ground

E. Pushing a relative to the ground

Bandura's reciprocal causation model focuses on continuous interaction between the following three factors: A. behavior, reward, punishment B. learning, behavior, environment C. cognition, behavior, reward D. person, environment, reinforcement E. behavior, environment, person

E. behavior, environment, person

Knowing that a sandwich contains the same amount of food whether it is cut into two pieces or four pieces represents the concept of _____. A. symbolic thought B. equilibration C. persistence D. classification E. conservation

E. conservation

How many morphemes does the word 'Africa' have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. none

A. 1

Which of the following includes one component of the minimal amount of regular exercise and physical activity you need to reap important health benefits? A. 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every single week B. 75 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every single month C. 75 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every single week D. 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every single month E. One day of strength training a month

A. 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every single week

Middle childhood lasts from ages _____. A. 7 to 12 B. 2 to 7 C. 4 to 10 D. 9 to 15

A. 7 to 12

In linguistics, what is the signified? A. A concept that makes up part of a sign B. A written text C. A written symbol D. The person who was spoken to

A. A concept that makes up part of a sign

How does a dependent clause differ from an independent clause? A. A dependent clause isn't a complete sentence on its own, while an independent clause can be a stand-alone sentence. B. A dependent clause always uses the passive voice, while an independent clause always uses the active voice. C. A dependent clause doesn't have verbs or subjects, while an independent clause cannot have anything more than 1 verb and 1 subject. D. A dependent clause can only be joined by subordinating conjunction, while an independent clause must be joined using adverb clauses.

A. A dependent clause isn't a complete sentence on its own, while an independent clause can be a stand-alone sentence.

What is metacognition? A. A reader's awareness of her or his own thought processes B. A reader's ability to decode C. The rate with which someone reads D. A reader's capacity to understand a variety of texts

A. A reader's awareness of her or his own thought processes

In linguistics, what is the signifier? A. A word B. The person who speaks C. A metaphor D. A punctuation mark

A. A word

Which of the following is the correct way to show possession with a plural noun ending in ''s''? A. Add an apostrophe at the end. B. Add an apostrophe and an 's'. C. No apostrophe is required. D. None of the answers are correct.

A. Add an apostrophe at the end.

When should you use a colon? A. After an independent clause to indicate something will follow B. None of the answers are correct. C. Before an independent clause D. After a dependent clause

A. After an independent clause to indicate something will follow

Which of the following school support staff might need to be included in an assessment partnership team for a student who has a learning disability for which they receive academic assistance? A. After-school tutor B. School nurse C. Guidance counselor D. Disciplinary administrator

A. After-school tutor

What is one accommodation that teachers can provide to students with writing difficulties? A. All answers are correct B. Use of an electronic spellchecker C. A bilingual dictionary D. Sentence frames

A. All answers are correct

Isabel is a Hispanic student at a primarily white high school which has not incorporated culturally relevant teaching practices. She is finding high school challenging and is currently on academic probation. According to Ladson-Billing, how might Isabel's challenges be tied to a lack of culturally relevant teaching? A. All answers are correct. B. She might be held to lower expectations of academic success. C. She might not be engaged in learning when lessons do not seem to have anything to do with her life. D. She might not have a sense of belonging at the school.

A. All answers are correct.

Which of these elements of art can ONLY be described in two-dimensional composition? A. All elements of art can be found in both two and three-dimensional art. B. Line C. Texture D. Value

A. All elements of art can be found in both two and three-dimensional art.

Between 1 and 2 years old what skills do most children gain? A. All of the answers are correct B. Can ask questions by raising intonation at the end of sentences C. Can use most vowels D. Vocabulary expands to be considered roughly 65% intelligible

A. All of the answers are correct

The National Association for the Education of Young Children's Code of Ethical Conduct contains: A. All of the answers are correct B. A statement of commitment C. Core values D. Four ethical responsibility areas

A. All of the answers are correct

What is an example of non-political involvement? A. All of the answers are correct B. Donating food to a local food bank C. Volunteering to coach a youth soccer team D. Mowing the lawn for a sick neighbor

A. All of the answers are correct

What is an example of political involvement? A. All of the answers are correct B. Paying taxes C. Voting D. Signing a petition

A. All of the answers are correct

Which is a guideline for incorporating multiple intelligences in your teaching? A. All of the answers are correct B. Present information in a variety of ways C. Allow students to complete work in different ways D. Vary your lessons

A. All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is true of the fluent reader? A. All of the answers are correct B. The fluent reader uses an expressive voice. C. The fluent reader keeps a reasonable rate. D. The fluent reader attends to punctuation.

A. All of the answers are correct

Choose the best approach for minimizing plagiarism among students. A. All of the answers are correct. B. Model plagiarism for the students. C. Require bibliographies for papers. D. Use originality software when grading papers.

A. All of the answers are correct.

When teaching ELLs, what should also be explored and understood to help with independently comprehending larger, more complex vocabulary? A. All of the answers are correct. B. Prefixes C. Roots D. Suffixes

A. All of the answers are correct.

Why do teachers teach vocabulary words? A. All of the answers are correct. B. To help students understand a main idea in a story C. To increase content knowledge D. To increase language skills

A. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is an example of information that might be included in an ecological assessment? A. All of these are examples of information that might be included in an ecological assessment. B. How the desks are arranged in a classroom C. How the child plays with other children D. How information is presented in each class

A. All of these are examples of information that might be included in an ecological assessment.

Which of the following test-taker differences is NOT likely to result in test bias? A. All of these can result in test bias. B. Socioeconomic difference C. Behavioral differences D. Cognitive differences

A. All of these can result in test bias.

Which teachers benefit from professional development? A. All teachers need and benefit from professional development in the areas they are weakest. B. New teachers and bad teachers because they don't know what they are doing C. Good teachers because they will apply what they learned and become even better D. Veteran teachers because they need to stay up to date on new technology and research

A. All teachers need and benefit from professional development in the areas they are weakest.

Which of the following stages comes first in spelling development? A. Alphabetic principle B. Roots and affixes C. Rimes and onsets D. Within word pattern

A. Alphabetic principle

When do you capitalize the pronoun ''I''? A. Always B. Never C. Only at the beginning of a sentence D. Only when it is included in a title

A. Always

Which of the following is an assessment strategy that supports a differentiated math classroom? A. An Exit Slip B. A Learning Menu C. An Anchor Activity D. A Rescue Card

A. An Exit Slip

The first stage of the Family Life Cycle is called 'Unattached Adult.' What happens during this stage? A. An adult child is separating from their parents, developing new peer relationships, and moving toward a career B. A person has just gotten a divorce and has to deal with starting over C. A child is ending all relationships and starting entirely on their own D. An adult is married, but without children E. A person is newly single, with children

A. An adult child is separating from their parents, developing new peer relationships, and moving toward a career

Which of the following situations is most appropriate for a performance-based assessment? A. An art teacher wants to assess her students' ability to differentiate between still-life and portraits by creating a charcoal drawing of each. B. A math teacher wants to assess her students' ability to multiply equations on a quiz. C. A science teacher wants to assess his students' ability to identify chemicals by identifying their position on the periodic table and writing a paper describing the findings. D. A music teacher wants to assess his students' knowledge of treble and bass clef using a written test.

A. An art teacher wants to assess her students' ability to differentiate between still-life and portraits by creating a charcoal drawing of each.

Goals for an IEP are reviewed: A. Annually B. Never C. Monthly D. Weekly

A. Annually

What is audience in terms of an essay? A. Anyone who will read your writing B. the reason for writing C. the class as a whole D. a group of people watching a performance E. your teacher

A. Anyone who will read your writing

Jenny sends daily sheets home with her students to let their parents know what they did in class each day. Which core value of the National Association for the Education of Young Children is Jenny reflecting? A. Appreciating and supporting the bond between the child and family B. Recognizing that children reach their full potential in an atmosphere of support C. Respecting diversity in children and families D. Basing work on the knowledge of how children develop and learn

A. Appreciating and supporting the bond between the child and family

If a teacher is trying to use culturally relevant pedagogy she would most likely use which of the following instructional strategies? A. Ask students to explain the course material by using their own experience to clarify the information. B. Show an instructional video that demonstrates the more complicated aspects of the course material. C. Use a Powerpoint presentation to team-teach the lesson plan with another teacher. D. Write the course material on the board and have the students take notes. E. Have the students silently read the information from their textbooks and then write a summary of what they have just read.

A. Ask students to explain the course material by using their own experience to clarify the information.

Which of the following are the correct stages of speech development? A. Babbling at four months; one-word sounds with meaning at one year; two-word sentences at two years. B. Babbling at six months; one-word sounds with meaning at eighteen months; two-word sentences at twenty-four months. C. Babbling at one-year; one-word sounds with meaning at eighteen months; two-word sentences at three years. D. Babbling at ten months; one-word sounds with meaning at two years; two-word sentences at three years.

A. Babbling at four months; one-word sounds with meaning at one year; two-word sentences at two years.

In Lau v. Nichols, why did the court find that Lau wasn't getting the same education as his peers? A. Because he didn't speak English B. Because he needed a wheelchair C. Because he was male D. Because he was deaf

A. Because he didn't speak English

Jim is writing an essay and used the following sentence. Why was his teacher disappointed with sentence clarity? The easiest and most, complicated form of political activism is civil activism. A. Because the incorrect comma makes it difficult to understand the substance of the sentence. B. Because it emphasizes the wrong part of the sentence. C. Because the passive voice makes the sentence completely unengaging and difficult to follow. D. Because the sentence is too short and doesn't address any real issues.

A. Because the incorrect comma makes it difficult to understand the substance of the sentence.

How can parents help their children avoid serious accidents? A. Being aware of safety concerns, having an accurate sense of their child's motor and cognitive abilities B. Monitoring their children's activities at all times to ensure they are never unsafe C. Lecturing them on all of the dangers in the world as soon as they reach early childhood D. By trusting their child's judgment and understanding their hugely significant motor limitations

A. Being aware of safety concerns, having an accurate sense of their child's motor and cognitive abilities

Compare the following two situations and identify which person has better prosody: Jack reads an original poem he has written and pays attention to the punctuation, making sure to pause and continue where needed, and raises his voice when reading a question as well as makes it quieter and louder when words like ''still'' and ''roar'' are used. There is no dialogue in this poem. Jill reads a play that has no punctuation (commas, periods, etc.), but has three characters. She uses different voices and tones for each character. She speaks louder when the characters are arguing and quieter when two characters are whispering to each other about the other. A. Both have good prosody B. Jill C. Neither have good prosody D. Jack

A. Both have good prosody

What is an example of constructive play? A. Building a city made out of blocks. B. Laughing with friends during recess. C. Running around in the gym. D. Having a pretend tea party.

A. Building a city made out of blocks.

How can mirrors be helpful in learning listening? A. Children can watch their own body language to see if they are giving cues of good listening. B. Children can focus on their own images in the mirror to prevent themselves from getting distracted. C. Children can turn the mirror toward the speaker so that he or she can stop if the speaking gets boring. D. Children can watch themselves to see if their ears are turned to the speaker.

A. Children can watch their own body language to see if they are giving cues of good listening.

How would a person express the plural possessive of the word 'child'? A. Children's B. Childrens' C. Childs' D. Child's

A. Children's

You need to help your students learn more about the environment and ecology in Science class. You are looking for a great hands-on activity to use with the students. Which of the following would fit this standard best? A. Collect leaves from various trees/bushes, have students do a crayon rub, and then talk about what trees provide for people and animals. B. Have students create their own instruments with various materials, use them to make sound, and discuss the different sounds. C. Allow students time to identify and name technology in the classroom, and then give them time to responsibly play a game with plants and animals. D. Go outside, have students draw pictures of what they see in the sky, and then compare daytime sky to nighttime.

A. Collect leaves from various trees/bushes, have students do a crayon rub, and then talk about what trees provide for people and animals.

Which of the following sentence structures is BEST for presenting concepts that your reader needs to consider all at once? A. Compound-complex sentence B. Compound sentence C. Complex sentence D. Simple sentence

A. Compound-complex sentence

What is the best example of numeration? A. Counting sheep. B. Dividing fractions into decimals. C. Telling time on a watch. D. Writing a word problem.

A. Counting sheep.

What is the second step in making sure that your assessments are given properly? A. Create the assessment B. None of these C. Create your objectives D. Administer the assessment

A. Create the assessment

What is the first step in making sure that your assessments are given properly? A. Create your objectives B. None of these C. Administer the assessment D. Creating the assessment

A. Create your objectives

Which can be defined as the way of life of a particular group of people? A. Culture B. Change C. Commerce D. Continuity E. Consumption

A. Culture

What type of morpheme is the suffix 'less' in the word 'thoughtless'? A. Derivational B. Inflectional C. Base D. None of the answers are correct

A. Derivational

Differentiated instruction means to: A. Diversify your reading instruction to benefit all of your students. B. Water down reading instruction so that your students are successful. C. Deliver reading instruction in the student's native language. D. Give students different worksheets

A. Diversify your reading instruction to benefit all of your students.

Which is NOT an important physical question to consider? A. Does the child wear stylish clothing? B. Does the child appear to have good hygiene, or is the child's hygiene poor in any way? C. Does the child appear to have clothing that fits properly and is the clothing appropriate for the weather? D. Does the child appear overly tired on regular basis?

A. Does the child wear stylish clothing?

When the brain isn't able to integrate and organize the sensory information that it receives, this is known as a: A. Dysfunction in sensory integration. B. Dysfunction in hematological integration. C. Dysfunction in cartographical integration. D. Dysfunction in informational integration.

A. Dysfunction in sensory integration.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Each state has its own laws regarding what activities are accepted as professional development. B. Only taking college classes counts as professional development. C. Only attending teacher conferences counts as professional development. D. Any activity where the teacher learns something is a type of professional development.

A. Each state has its own laws regarding what activities are accepted as professional development.

Parents can avoid childhood obesity by NOT forcing their children to _____ and by encouraging their children to _____. A. Eat more than they need; Move more and play actively B. Consume three meals daily; Snack throughout the day C. Do exercise; Eat more carbohydrates D. Participate in sports; Play video games

A. Eat more than they need; Move more and play actively

Which of the following explains why students enjoy making geometric shapes with their arms? A. Elementary students learn best with motion and modeling after someone else. B. Younger students understand abstract ideas within the world. C. Students' attention spans can last a long time, and they need that time to learn. D. Elementary students learn best by being quiet and still.

A. Elementary students learn best with motion and modeling after someone else.

In the state of Pennsylvania, the ELL Language Development Standards (PA ELDS) expect ELLs to become proficient in: A. English language and all academic content B. English language and Math C. English language and Social Studies D. English language

A. English language and all academic content

Which of the following is true about receptive and expressive language? A. Expressive language refers to the things we want to communicate to other people. B. Expressive communication includes the messages we receive from others. C. Receptive communication are the things we want to communicate to other people. D. Expressive communication is learned before receptive communication.

A. Expressive language refers to the things we want to communicate to other people.

Which of the following is the best approach to take when writing body paragraphs to create an essay? A. First explain the main point, then follow with a chronological and clear explanation. B. Keep the main point in suspense until the concluding paragraph. C. First relate the end result and then back up and add details. D. Have a clear conclusion, even if the body paragraphs are incoherent.

A. First explain the main point, then follow with a chronological and clear explanation.

A child with Asperger syndrome would likely experience difficulty in all the following situations EXCEPT which one? A. Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter B. Participating in a group conversation without interrupting C. Understanding the sarcastic humor of a classmate D. Playing the role of a talking animal in a school play

A. Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter

Which of the following bases for discrimination is NOT prohibited by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? A. Gender B. National Origin C. Color D. Race

A. Gender

All of the following are true about the Generalized Other Stage EXCEPT: A. Geriatric adults interact with society. B. Young adults interact with society. C. Children learn to adopt society's expectations. D. Young adults learn to adopt the expectations of a social group.

A. Geriatric adults interact with society.

Which principle of art describes its overall aesthetic success? A. Harmony B. Proportion C. Variety D. Emphasis

A. Harmony

Which option would be best to begin a lesson on balance? A. Have students practice stepping onto and off of a balance beam. B. Have students jump on a balance beam. C. Have students walk a balance beam. D. Have students write a sentence about balance.

A. Have students practice stepping onto and off of a balance beam.

All of the following performance tasks would be beneficial during a unit on health skills EXCEPT? A. Having students write or draw answers to questions about healthy foods. B. Allowing students time to practice kicking a ball towards a target. C. Allowing students to use funnels, cups, and pitchers in a sand/water table. D. Having students role play how to use manners and play safely during recess.

A. Having students write or draw answers to questions about healthy foods.

Peter is referencing a study in the Journal of Anthropology for his History 102 paper. Why is this an example of a secondary source? A. He is quoting information from an existing study. B. He is conducting his own investigation. C. He is the first person to quote that study. D. He found a credible source that wasn't from the Internet.

A. He is quoting information from an existing study.

What should you tell students who complain of getting bored? A. Help them learn strategies for refreshing their own attention. B. Help them politely tell the speaker he or she is boring. C. Tell them they must not be paying close attention. D. Tell them it's rude to get bored.

A. Help them learn strategies for refreshing their own attention.

Who first proposed the idea of multiple intelligences? A. Howard Gardner B. Carl Jung C. Sigmund Freud D. Albert Einstein

A. Howard Gardner

Current academic performance is a requirement of which of the following? A. IEP, Individual Education Program B. LRE, Least Restrictive Environment C. NCLB, No Child Left Behind D. SEP, Special Educational Program

A. IEP, Individual Education Program

When should you avoid using exclamation marks? A. In an essay for your history class B. In a letter to your mother C. In an email to your friend D. When writing a story that depicts normal speech E. In a text message

A. In an essay for your history class

Which transition would signal to your readers that an opposing viewpoint is about to be explored? A. In contrast B. In summary C. Meanwhile D. In particular

A. In contrast

The fact that Karl Marx was shaped by the things around him corresponds to what theme? A. Individual development and identity B. Civic ideals and practice C. Global connections D. Production, distribution, and consumption E. Time, continuity, ans change

A. Individual development and identity

The question mark can also be called: A. Interrogation point B. Quiz period C. Quiz mark D. Squiggly comma

A. Interrogation point

Teachers should teach academic language because: A. It helps students answer questions and think deeply about what they learn. B. It helps students do well in other areas of school, such as sports programs. C. It helps students with their need to socialize. D. It enhances job performance, which is evaluated by their principals.

A. It helps students answer questions and think deeply about what they learn.

How should students feel about their first classroom experience? A. It should leave them with a positive feeling and promote their confidence. B. It should be a sample of what they will be learning in class. C. They should feel that they will need to do a lot of work to keep up. D. It should bore the students to prevent behavior problems.

A. It should leave them with a positive feeling and promote their confidence.

All of the following are elements of diagnostic assessment EXCEPT: A. It tests what a student learned at the end of a unit. B. It helps teachers plan instruction. C. It assesses prior knowledge. D. It is given before instruction.

A. It tests what a student learned at the end of a unit.

Which of the following early childhood education collaborations occurred in an informal setting? A. Julia, a classroom teacher, and Jenn, a volunteer, bumped into each other at a coffee shop and talked about how to teach reading to the class. B. Christie, a classroom teacher, and Rob, a special education teacher, meet every Tuesday at 11 AM to plan. C. Hector, a classroom teacher, runs a meeting with his paraprofessionals to clarify their role in the classroom. D. Louise, a classroom teacher, writes up a formal referral for one of her students to the school psychologist.

A. Julia, a classroom teacher, and Jenn, a volunteer, bumped into each other at a coffee shop and talked about how to teach reading to the class.

What is the most important thing to do to incorporate multiple intelligences into your teaching? A. Learn about students preferred learning styles through questioning and observation B. Ask parents what their students like C. Take a professional development course about multiple intelligences D. Read Howard Gardner's book

A. Learn about students preferred learning styles through questioning and observation

Which of these organizations is the most sensible option for setting up an after school reading program? A. Libraries B. Restaurants C. Businesses D. Museums

A. Libraries

All of the following are examples of learning stations that benefit multiple learners, EXCEPT: A. Lockers and Storage B. Musical Instruments C. Math and Manipulatives D. Reading and Phonics

A. Lockers and Storage

What is a common fallacy when thinking about ELL students and math? A. Math is just numbers; it is the same around the world. B. Math lessons must be planned carefully. C. Educators need to understand students' proficiency level. D. Academic vocabulary may be difficult.

A. Math is just numbers; it is the same around the world.

You planned a lesson in Mathematics where your students are sorting counters by color and then counting them in each group. Which of the following Mathematics standards best fits your lesson? A. Measurement, Data, and Probability B. Algebraic Concepts C. Numbers and Operations D. Geometry

A. Measurement, Data, and Probability

Achievement is often closely linked to motivation because: A. Motivated students are more likely to do more than the minimum required B. Classrooms incentivize higher motivation, leading to higher achievement C. A child who reaches a high degree of achievement is considered to be highly motivated D. Higher motivation implies higher intelligence, which leads to higher achievement.

A. Motivated students are more likely to do more than the minimum required

What are the developmental standards set by the NAEYC and the DEC called? A. National standards B. Preschool readiness standards C. Universal screenings standards D. School standards

A. National standards

_____ refers to the way the environment acts upon a person. A. Nurture B. Genetics C. Nature D. Plasticity

A. Nurture

Saying 'geen ake' for 'green snake' is an example of: A. Omission B. Distortion C. Elimination D. Addition

A. Omission

Recognizing phonemes is the key quality of _____ awareness. A. Phonemic B. Phonics C. Phonological D. Phoneme

A. Phonemic

The ability to recognize that words are made up of a variety of sound units is called _____ awareness. A. Phonological B. Phonemic C. Phonics D. Phoneme

A. Phonological

Which of the following is typical of a child with Asperger's syndrome? A. Physical clumsiness B. A wide range of interests C. Difficulty in learning D. Trouble speaking and forming complete sentences

A. Physical clumsiness

What aspect of speaking skills deals with the social norms of language, like turn-taking in a conversation? A. Pragmatics deal with the social norms of language. B. Voice-oriented skills deal with the social norms of language. C. Expressive skills deal with the social norms of language. D. Organizational skills deal with the social norms of language.

A. Pragmatics deal with the social norms of language.

This is a false or fake science, a system of beliefs that looks like it is based on scientific ideas but actually doesn't employ or obey the simplest rules of science itself. A. Pseudoscience B. Experimentation C. Dogma D. Hypothesis E. Theory

A. Pseudoscience

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for preventing injury? A. Pushing yourself above your limits so you see progress B. Warming up and cooling down C. Stretching D. Monitoring your body for signs of pain or injury

A. Pushing yourself above your limits so you see progress

The following are some of the steps for Story Lessons, EXCEPT: A. Questions Routine B. Navigation Routine C. Investigation Routine D. Anchoring Phenomenon Routine

A. Questions Routine

What is fluency? A. Reading rate and expression B. Knowing a foreign language C. Reading in a monotonous tone D. Reading as quickly as possible

A. Reading rate and expression

Julie wants to use differentiated instruction in her classroom in order to meet the needs of all of her students. Which of the following is not a component of differentiated instruction? A. Separate lesson plans for each student B. Product C. Process D. Content

A. Separate lesson plans for each student

How can teachers help comprehension before reading begins? A. Set a purpose for reading. B. Take away free time if students don't focus. C. Give a list of vocabulary words for students to look up. D. Talk to parents about poor behavior.

A. Set a purpose for reading.

Which age group can recognize this pattern? 7, 14, 21, 28, . . . A. Seven to eight B. Five to six C. One to two D. Three to four

A. Seven to eight

Which of the following would NOT be a result of civic participation? A. Social isolation B. Informed citizens C. Increased community involvement D. Decreased crime rates

A. Social isolation

_____ is a strategy for science where lessons are designed for students to ask questions and be guided in a story-like fashion to answer the question through investigations. A. Story Lessons B. Fiction Lessons C. Fairy Tale Lessons D. Phenomenon Lessons

A. Story Lessons

Joan wants to build up her muscle mass. What should she do? A. Strength training B. Flexibility training C. Eat more dairy D. Sleep more E. Aerobic exercise

A. Strength training

Which of the following is true of students reading their own writing? A. Students are typically more fluent when reading their own writing. B. Students should read their own writing to edit it for punctuation. C. It is typically humiliating for students. D. Students are less fluent when they read their own writing.

A. Students are typically more fluent when reading their own writing.

Which of the following statements is the most aligned with culturally relevant teaching philosophy? A. Students deserve to have curriculum presented to them in a context that makes sense with their cultural lives. B. Teachers' high expectations have no impact on how students perform. C. Any lesson which contains culturally relevant material is a good lesson. D. Including elements of students' culture in lessons will automatically result in higher achievement for those students.

A. Students deserve to have curriculum presented to them in a context that makes sense with their cultural lives.

Which of the following is a benefit of fostering a classroom community? A. Students learn the importance of collaboration. B. More parents attend parent-teacher conferences. C. Students read above grade level. D. There are fewer disciplinary referrals in the school.

A. Students learn the importance of collaboration.

Saying 'wailwoad' for 'railroad' is an example of A. Substitution B. Elimination C. Distortion D. Addition

A. Substitution

The use of a K-W-L (know, want to know, learned) chart: A. Supports the activation of prior knowledge. B. Limits students' abilities to come up with their own independent thoughts and ideas. C. Forces students to have to read and engage in the classroom. D. Has no true value in the learning process.

A. Supports the activation of prior knowledge.

Which of the answers is the most complete definition of punctuation? A. Symbols that add structure and expression in writing B. Periods, commas and question marks C. Something that marks the end of a sentence D. All answers are correct.

A. Symbols that add structure and expression in writing

Which of the following could result in private or public reprimand of an educator in PA? A. Taking a job for which you are not certified B. Reporting possible signs of mental abuse C. Using a variety of activities in your lesson plan D. Not sharing confidential information with a colleague

A. Taking a job for which you are not certified

_____ is one strategy that can be used for teaching life science in early childhood. A. Taking students outside in nature B. An hour of direct instruction C. Reading science journals D. Coloring pictures of leaves

A. Taking students outside in nature

How can teachers choose a tier-three word? A. Teach tier-three words that are most necessary to understanding B. Teachers shouldn't teach tier-three words C. Teach two tier-three words a day D. Teach all tier-three words

A. Teach tier-three words that are most necessary to understanding

Which of the following is the correct use of the apostrophe? A. The Sampsons' dog barked at us. B. Meet the Smiths. The Smith's car needs new tires. C. He should'of come to the phone. D. It's his office's.

A. The Sampsons' dog barked at us.

Which of the following might suggest a child's social and emotional needs are not being met? A. The child seems overly afraid of his or her parents/caregivers. B. The child's parents/caregivers have no mental health issues. C. The child is demonstrating success in school. D. The child lives with grandparents.

A. The child seems overly afraid of his or her parents/caregivers.

Which of the following people should NOT be considered as the child's 'family' when establishing an assessment partnership? A. The child's absentee parent B. The child's custodial parent C. The child's grandparents D. The child's religious leader

A. The child's absentee parent

All of the following statements correctly describe the conversation level EXCEPT: A. The conversation must be error free B. This is the seventh, final level of articulation therapy C. The student should be able to articulate words into sentences D. This stage is long due to daily changes in the conversations

A. The conversation must be error free

What are multiple intelligences in education? A. The different modes of learning, or learning styles, that students learn best through B. How teachers prefer to present information to students C. None of the answers are correct D. The different subjects students learn throughout the day

A. The different modes of learning, or learning styles, that students learn best through

Which would most likely serve as a significant barrier to communication between families and educational professionals? A. The family speaks a different language. B. The family prefers to meet with teachers instead of email them. C. The family works the day shift. D. The family works the night shift.

A. The family speaks a different language.

When it comes to fine motor skills, the focus tends to be on: A. The fist grip and the pincer grip B. The thumb grip and the wrist lock C. The pinky grip and the toe grip D. The wrist lock and the forearm

A. The fist grip and the pincer grip

What is the BEST explanation of what makes this sentence unclear? About how to succeed, many people ask me for advice, because I am a wealthy artist. A. The phrases in the sentence are disorganized. B. The word 'about' is in the wrong place and should be switched with the word 'because' at the end of the sentence. C. The word many doesn't serve a purpose and should be removed. D. Part of the sentence is in the passive voice and part is in active voice.

A. The phrases in the sentence are disorganized.

Which of the following demonstrates correct comma usage when separating elements in a series? A. The rock flew from his hand, skipped across the pond, and sank from sight. B. The rock flew from his hand, skipped across the pond and, sank from sight. C. The rock flew from his hand skipped across the pond and sank from sight. D. The rock, flew from his hand, skipped across the pond, and sank from sight.

A. The rock flew from his hand, skipped across the pond, and sank from sight.

Why is it important to know the standards to teach, especially for younger ages? A. The standards for younger students help prepare them for higher learning. B. The standards for younger students help prepare students to become scientists. C. The standards for younger students help them with mathematics as older students. D. The standards for younger students are difficult and too confusing for students.

A. The standards for younger students help prepare them for higher learning.

Vygotsky believed children learn better with the guidance from other children who are slightly ahead of them. This concept is known as: A. The zone of proximal development B. Learning by doing C. Role modeling D. Social conformity

A. The zone of proximal development

Which characteristic associated with kids does scientific investigation most take advantage of? A. Their curiosity B. Their hard work C. Their skill at using equipment D. Their tendency to touch things

A. Their curiosity

Which of the following answers has correct punctuation? A. Their new home was ideally situated by the river; furthermore, the ten-foot high fence kept the neighbors out. B. Their new home was ideally situated by the river; furthermore, the ten-foot high fence, kept the neighbors out. C. Their new home was ideally, situated by the river: furthermore, the ten-foot high fence kept the neighbors out. D. Their new home was ideally situated by the river; furthermore: the ten-foot high fence kept the neighbors out.

A. Their new home was ideally situated by the river; furthermore, the ten-foot high fence kept the neighbors out.

What is the goal of the Pre-K standards? A. They are guidelines for selection of materials for teaching and learning B. They are lesson plans that should be implemented in the classroom C. They are curriculum that is the same for all students in a class D. They are a set of curricula that needs to be followed

A. They are guidelines for selection of materials for teaching and learning

Which of the following statements is NOT true about exclamation marks? A. They are used to downplay a sentence. B. They add a level of enthusiasm to the writing. C. They can express intense emotions such as anger and joy . D. Exclamation marks are a form of punctuation. E. They are usually placed at the end of a sentence.

A. They are used to downplay a sentence.

How can children learn to monitor their own listening? A. They can check themselves every thirty seconds or so. B. They can talk to others and see if they can tell whether their partners are listening. C. It's actually not possible to learn self monitoring. D. They can interrupt the speaker to ask a lot of questions.

A. They can check themselves every thirty seconds or so.

Who benefits from the Pre-K Counts program? A. Three to four year olds whose family income is 300 percent below poverty level B. All three to four year olds C. One to five year olds in a family that's eligible for public assistance D. Four year olds in poverty, English Language Learners, and those with disabilities

A. Three to four year olds whose family income is 300 percent below poverty level

When would you use brackets in your writing? A. To add explanatory information to text B. To indicate omitted words C. To indicate spoken words in writing D. To combine adjectives

A. To add explanatory information to text

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of assessment? A. To create stress and anxiety B. Motivator C. Feedback D. Mechanism for review

A. To create stress and anxiety

Why is the student sometimes a part of the IEP team? A. To express how they're feeling and offer suggestions B. To make sure enough individuals are present to qualify the gathering as a meeting C. To help determine their own curriculum D. To make sure parents can come to the meetings

A. To express how they're feeling and offer suggestions

Which of the following is NOT the right of an ELL teacher? A. To include any student in an ELL program B. To join a teacher's union C. To equal employment opportunity D. To advocate for students

A. To include any student in an ELL program

Which type of assessment methodology is specifically designed to be given to all students? A. Universal screening B. IQ test C. Progress monitoring D. Observation

A. Universal screening

Which of the following is NOT an example of a reliable source for an academic essay? A. User-generated websites like Wikipedia. B. Databases. C. Peer-reviewed journals. D. Official publications.

A. User-generated websites like Wikipedia.

Which of the following is not a gross motor skill? A. Using a pencil to write your name B. Throwing a football C. Climbing a ladder D. Hopping on one leg

A. Using a pencil to write your name

What is one strategy for adapting the learning environment for students with behavior disorders? A. Using resistance bands on chair legs B. Seating students with behavior disorders in the back of the classroom C. Using dim lighting to minimize distractions D. Sending students to the principal's office if they misbehave

A. Using resistance bands on chair legs

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for teachers to create a welcoming classroom environment? A. Utilize English-only classroom discussions. B. Learn more about students' cultures. C. Compare and contrast multicultural holiday traditions. D. Greet students in their native language.

A. Utilize English-only classroom discussions.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which parents and guardians should advocate for students ? A. Waiting for teachers to contact you about a problem B. Attending meetings C. Conducting research D. Maintaining frequent communication with teachers and staff

A. Waiting for teachers to contact you about a problem

What is the first major phonological skill developed? A. Word awareness B. Syllable awareness C. Rhyme manipulation D. Understanding rhyme and alliteration

A. Word awareness

Why is it a good idea to develop your thesis statement before writing your outline? A. You can use it to check each point in the outline and ensure it directly relates to and supports the thesis. B. This will allow you to more easily proofread your thesis statement. C. It will allow you to insert the thesis statement into every section of your essay. D. It helps to ensure each of the other points in the outline do not repeat ideas from your thesis.

A. You can use it to check each point in the outline and ensure it directly relates to and supports the thesis.

As a teacher, learning about _____ can really help you expand your horizons professionally. A. a new educational method B. a new piece of equipment C. All of the answers are correct. D. a new set of textbooks

A. a new educational method

Anticipation guides should be comprised of _____. A. a series of statements B. multiple choice questions C. discussion questions D. word problems

A. a series of statements

How would you best describe PA's code of conduct? A. a set of guidelines for professional practice of educators in PA B. a set of guidelines to help an educator get certified in PA C. a set of codes to follow when teaching information technology in PA D. a set of specific actions a teacher must use with every lesson in PA

A. a set of guidelines for professional practice of educators in PA

A learning style is defined as _____. A. a way in which students go through the process of acquiring new knowledge B. a student's ability to choose their own method for showing what they know C. a specific approach students take in order to read independently D. a set of strengths in specific areas that students use as they learn

A. a way in which students go through the process of acquiring new knowledge

Jamie thinks that she can slide down a rainbow. After experimenting with a prism, she changes her thinking. What is this an example of? A. accommodation B. inquiry C. assimilation D. schema

A. accommodation

Studies show a strong positive connection between family involvement in education and student _____. A. achievement B. interest C. organization D. eating habits

A. achievement

As a PA educator, you should create positive relationships with _____. A. all parents, students, and colleagues you work with B. all teachers and students in your building C. all parents and students in your building D. all faculty, community members, and parents you work with

A. all parents, students, and colleagues you work with

Which example shows a purpose to persuade? A. an essay written to convince readers to stop polluting the air B. an essay detailing a person's experience at a factory that pollutes C. an essay detailing the history of pollution D. an essay explaining the process of pollution E. an essay describing which companies pollute the most

A. an essay written to convince readers to stop polluting the air

The Greek prefix dys refers to _____. A. an impairment of B. a disconnection of C. the opposite of D. an impartial of

A. an impairment of

The morpheme that gives a word its meaning is a _____. A. base morpheme B. prefix C. suffix D. affix

A. base morpheme

At what age do children begin learning number sense? A. before school ever begins B. In kindergarten C. In pre-kindergarten D. In sixth grade

A. before school ever begins

The practice of __________ in education is when measurable standards for achievement are set for each grade. A. benchmarking B. learning C. standardizing D. achievement

A. benchmarking

Phonemic awareness is when _____. A. children are able to hear sounds and use sounds to correctly say words B. children know the alphabet and can say it C. children can read fluently D. children have extensive vocabularies

A. children are able to hear sounds and use sounds to correctly say words

A test question uses a multiple meaning word in a sentence and asks students which definition is being used in this example. Which type of vocabulary assessment is being used? A. context-dependent B. discrete C. context-independent D. comprehensive

A. context-dependent

The social or ethnic group that a person is from is called his or her _____. A. culture B. understanding C. race D. educational attainment

A. culture

_____ emphasizes that children learn through experimentation in order to understand the concepts being presented. A. discovery learning B. integrating the arts C. critical thinking D. content personalization

A. discovery learning

Editing for content _____, while editing for mechanics _____. A. ensures you met the objectives for the assignment; ensures you polish your writing by addressing fine details B. ensures you polish your writing by addressing fine details; ensures you met the objectives for the assignment C. ensures your sources are verified; ensures you met the objectives for the assignment D. ensures there is no plagiarism in your writing; ensures you met the objectives for the assignment

A. ensures you met the objectives for the assignment; ensures you polish your writing by addressing fine details

Many of a student's unique qualities that are tied to their worldview come directly from their _____. A. family B. principals C. hobbies D. teachers

A. family

Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterograph? A. fine, find B. no, know C. bare, bear D. two, too

A. fine, find

Which is assessed during the product phase of writing? A. fluency B. number of drafts C. purpose D. methods of planning

A. fluency

All of the following phonological processes should be eliminated by the time a child reaches kindergarten, EXCEPT for which of the following? A. gliding B. affrication C. denasalization D. assimilation

A. gliding

A unified body paragraph is one that _____. A. has sentences that all stick to the main idea expressed in the topic sentence B. brings all of the readers together C. could fit into any essay that a person may write D. presents at least five details and examples

A. has sentences that all stick to the main idea expressed in the topic sentence

Ferdinand de Saussure is important to literary theory because ______________. A. he explained that language is meaning-making B. he liked to read C. he wrote literary criticism D. he wrote many poems

A. he explained that language is meaning-making

An ecological assessment is a comprehensive process in which data about _____ is collected. A. how a child functions in different settings B. how a child behaves in one specific environment C. how a child functions at home D. how a child behaves outdoors

A. how a child functions in different settings

Which one of the following parts of speech is used to interrupt flow in a sentence? A. interjection B. conjunction C. adverb D. pronoun

A. interjection

Common behaviors that most children with learning disabilities exhibit fall into the categories of _____ and _____. A. internalizing; externalizing behaviors B. reactive; proactive behaviors C. achieving; non-achieving behaviors D. pessimistic; optimistic behaviors

A. internalizing; externalizing behaviors

Language acquisition A. is the process by which we learn to communicate in meaningful ways. B. cannot happen among the deaf community. C. is a theory that is agreed upon by the psychological community. D. is best understood by watching animals communicate.

A. is the process by which we learn to communicate in meaningful ways.

At the end of a speech, _____. A. it is important for a speaker to listen for feedback to assist with his or her future speeches B. it is important that the speaker be compensated immediately for his or her speaking services C. it is not important for the speaker to listen to feedback since the engagement is over D. the speaker makes the decision when and whom to speak with

A. it is important for a speaker to listen for feedback to assist with his or her future speeches

Exercise can help build strong muscles to support places where two or more bones meet, which are called _____. A. joints B. eyes C. valves D. kneecaps E. ears

A. joints

A master chess player employs _____. A. logical intelligence B. intrapersonal intelligence C. visual intelligence D. interpersonal intelligence

A. logical intelligence

Which of the following sets of science materials is most appropriate in an early childhood classroom? A. magnifying glass, rocks, and magnets B. bunsen burners, beakers, and chemicals C. only technical science equipment D. only real-world objects

A. magnifying glass, rocks, and magnets

Placing students in reading remediation or special education has _____. A. not been found to have an impact on their reading development B. not been researched to any great extent C. been found to have a significant impact on their reading development D. been found to slightly impact their reading development

A. not been found to have an impact on their reading development

When teachers and students worry about reaching or maintaining a certain level of achievement or excellence, this limitation of benchmarking is called _____. A. pressure to perform B. inequity C. raising the bar D. standardizing

A. pressure to perform

The disconnect between home culture and school culture that Ladson-Billings explored took place because _____. A. school culture was largely white middle class and did not reflect the cultures of students in class. B. students were not allowed to talk about their home lives at school. C. parents did not participate in school activities or try to address their concerns with teachers. D. teachers did not contact parents enough.

A. school culture was largely white middle class and did not reflect the cultures of students in class.

Howard Gardner theorized that people exhibit intelligence in _____. A. several different areas at different levels B. logic and math C. one of eight different areas D. eight different areas at high levels

A. several different areas at different levels

Josh has difficulty following the classroom rules about getting along amicably with others. Josh could be _____. A. socially delayed B. cognitively disabled C. developmentally delayed D. functionally delayed

A. socially delayed

Language development is the process in which a child learns to _____. A. speak in full, complete sentences B. speak with clear pronunciation C. babble coherently D. use child-directed speech

A. speak in full, complete sentences

Mr. Thomas uses an assessment to evaluate his students' knowledge and abilities in Art. He is using a _____ assessment. A. specific aptitude B. scholastic aptitude C. school readiness D. formative

A. specific aptitude

Which of the following is an example of visual language? A. text message B. monologue C. debate D. speech

A. text message

You can draw many of the points for your outline from _____. A. the ideas created during brainstorming and prewriting B. the articles you have chosen for your citations C. the major ideas from the thesis statement D. the information included in the introductory paragraph

A. the ideas created during brainstorming and prewriting

New immigrants to the United States need to learn how to blend into the American way of life. A person making the above statement would most likely be a proponent of A. the melting pot. B. cultural pluralism. C. tossed green salad. D. multicultural diversity. E. inclusion.

A. the melting pot.

What is differentiated instruction? A. the practice of modifying instructional delivery and assessment methods to provide equitable access to the curriculum for all students B. changing the standards and objectives for each student, but maintaining the same instructional delivery methods C. the practice of creating completely separate lesson plans for each student with learning disabilities D. strategies the teacher uses to ensure that all students are learning the content the same way

A. the practice of modifying instructional delivery and assessment methods to provide equitable access to the curriculum for all students

According to the National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies, how many themes are there? A. 5 B. 10 C. 12 D. 7 E. 8

B. 10

Name the correct number of morphemes in the following sentence: 'Take me to my village to die, surrounded by friends.' A. 9 B. 12 C. 10 D. 11

B. 12

What does Cohesion measure? A. A family's ability to adapt B. A family's degree of closeness C. A family's level of love for one another D. A family's degree of mutual understanding E. A family's ability to communicate effectively

B. A family's degree of closeness

Which of the following assessment options covers all areas of a R.A.F.T. assignment? A. Lewis and Clark writing about their discoveries B. A pilgrim writing a thank you letter to Squanto for helping his family C. A frontier woman writing about her journey D. Abraham Lincoln writing The Emancipation Proclamation

B. A pilgrim writing a thank you letter to Squanto for helping his family

A student who has difficulties with inattention would likely benefit from which of the following? A. A chance to get up out of his or her seat and walk through the hallway two times each period B. A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions C. A behavior management system which rewards the student for the amount of consecutive class periods they don't call out D. A social skills curriculum to help them develop their ability to effectively interact with their classmates

B. A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions

What is flexible grouping in differentiated instruction? A. A strategy that allows students to work in groups with their friends B. A strategy that allows for different grouping structures in the classroom depending on students' needs, such as mixed-ability and interest groups C. A strategy that randomizes student grouping so that students can work with a variety of classmates throughout the school year D. All answers are correct

B. A strategy that allows for different grouping structures in the classroom depending on students' needs, such as mixed-ability and interest groups

Which would most likely be the most severe problem for which you should advocate for students and families? A. A required form is lost and needs to be filled out again by the parent or guardian. B. A student's rights are being violated by a special education teacher that is cutting corners with paperwork. C. A teacher forgets to reply to an email from a parent for a week. D. A student is not placed into his desired courses for the semester.

B. A student's rights are being violated by a special education teacher that is cutting corners with paperwork.

Which activity would assess the reading skill of interpreting theme in literature? A. Analyzing a speech B. A textbook scavenger hunt C. Responding to peer statements D. A class debate

B. A textbook scavenger hunt

When are apostrophes used? A. To clarify plurals B. All answers are correct. C. To create contractions showing possession D. To create contractions, such as can't

B. All answers are correct.

When should you use a semicolon? A. To separate independent clauses B. All answers are correct. C. To separate items in a series when there's additional punctuation D. When there's a transitional phrase between independent clauses

B. All answers are correct.

What might be a reason that a very young child is assessed? A. Because he or she doesn't appear to be developing normally B. All of the answers are correct C. To see if he or she is ready to start school D. To see if a child is hitting his or her developmental milestones

B. All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is a component of the study of economics? A. Currency B. All of the answers are correct C. Supply and demand D. Methods of production

B. All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is an element of the study of Geography? A. Environments B. All of the answers are correct C. Land masses D. People's interactions with the Earth E. People

B. All of the answers are correct

An example of using realia might include which of the following? A. Making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich in front of the class using English to describe every detail B. All of the answers are correct. C. Running around the room to demonstrate the phrase ''to run'' D. Pointing to your shoe

B. All of the answers are correct.

Which are traditional resources? A. Vocabulary workbooks B. All of the answers are correct. C. Writing textbooks D. Literature textbooks E. Spelling workbooks

B. All of the answers are correct.

Which of these is a part of speech? A. Interjection B. All of the answers are correct. C. Preposition D. Conjunction

B. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following might offer professional development for teachers? A. National Park B. All of these answers are correct. C. History Museum D. Zoo

B. All of these answers are correct.

Which one of the following is NOT TRUE about printed material. A. Printed material increases comprehension. B. All printed material is fact checked. C. Recollection is increased when researching printed material. D. Reading print is a kinesthetic activity.

B. All printed material is fact checked.

What are instructional materials? A. Textbooks only B. All the tools a teacher uses to teach a lesson C. Supplies, like paper and pencils D. All the materials in the classroom E. The extra materials students bring in to school

B. All the tools a teacher uses to teach a lesson

Which of the following is an example of a child in the period of early childhood? A. A fourteen-year-old who is about to finish middle school B. An excitable five-year-old kindergartner C. A seven-month-old who is beginning to eat baby food D. A ten-year-old whose world view is expanding

B. An excitable five-year-old kindergartner

Which activity would assess your student's ability to use simple and complex sentences in written pieces? A. Organizing a class debate B. Analyzing a famous speech and then creating a new speech using the same techniques C. Creating a textbook scavenger hunt D. Asking a student to respond to a peer's verbal answer

B. Analyzing a famous speech and then creating a new speech using the same techniques

What are two of the most important aspects of any lesson, particularly independent reading? A. Tests and quizzes. B. Assessment and reflection. C. A thorough lesson plan and group work. D. Handouts and homework.

B. Assessment and reflection.

Which of the following identifies the proper order for the introductory paragraph? A. Bridge - Attention Getter - Thesis B. Attention Getter - Bridge - Thesis C. Thesis - Attention Getter - Bridge D. Attention Getter - Thesis - Bridge

B. Attention Getter - Bridge - Thesis

Which of the following is NOT an example of language acquisition from a behaviorist perspective? A. Babies are rewarded for attempts at speech when their caregivers smile and applaud their efforts. B. Babies are born with an innate ability to learn language. C. Babies learn language by repeatedly associating the object 'dog' with the word 'dog.' D. Babies learn language by imitating adult patterns of speech.

B. Babies are born with an innate ability to learn language.

Reading comprehension should focus on three areas. Which area is the least necessary regarding reading comprehension skills? A. After reading B. Background reading C. Before reading D. During reading

B. Background reading

Why is the word 'who' important to the following dependent clause? ''The man who had it all eventually lost everything.'' A. Because it is a relative pronoun that connects the independent clause 'who had it all'. B. Because it is a relative pronoun that connects the dependent clause 'who had it all'. C. Because it is a noun-pronoun that connects the independent clause 'who had it all'. D/ Because it is a personal pronoun that connects the dependent clause 'who had it all'.

B. Because it is a relative pronoun that connects the dependent clause 'who had it all'.

When should a teacher determine what classroom procedures will be used? A. After an initial routine is established. B. Before students arrive. C. Upon student arrival. D. Once the students have been consulted.

B. Before students arrive.

Scaffolding instruction allows teachers to: A. Track students so that the high level students are in one group and the low level students are in another. B. Break instruction into smaller components so that students can organize information. C. Cut out parts of the curriculum determined to be irrelevant. D. Water down the curriculum so that students can be successful even if it's at a lower level.

B. Break instruction into smaller components so that students can organize information.

Which do you think would be most useful to students looking for real-life career experience? A. Library reading programs B. Business internships C. Restaurant reading programs D. Museum after school programs

B. Business internships

When writing a paper, how do you go about making the reference material you've used your own? A. By summarizing, paraphrasing and quoting the reference material in your paper B. By synthesizing what you have learned and sharing insights not found in your research C. By creating a reference list and using appropriate in-text references D. By creating your own reference material and then selling it to the library or a company on the Internet

B. By synthesizing what you have learned and sharing insights not found in your research

Which of the following behaviors would NOT be considered characteristic of a child with hyperactivity? A. A student who prefers to run rather than walk and to play loudly rather than quietly. B. Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon C. Excessively tapping one's fingers on the desk and kicking the bottom desk D. The need to get out of one's seat and walk or stretch every few minutes

B. Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon

When expanding on topics, what would be a good way to integrate technology? A. Choose an app that focuses on numbers. B. Choose an app or game related to the topic discussed in class. C. Choose a game or app that helps students learn about colors. D. Choose a game that focuses on the alphabet.

B. Choose an app or game related to the topic discussed in class.

How can teachers choose tier-two words for instruction? A. Choose words that are fun to learn B. Choose the words that are needed for understanding C. Choose all tier-two words for a topic D. Choose the most difficult words for a topic

B. Choose the words that are needed for understanding

Which of the following are NOT good tactics for promoting literacy in your classroom? A. Watching book trailers on Youtube. B. Choosing one book for the entire class to read out loud. C. Holding book talks and reading conferences. D. Creating book trailers on iMovie or Andromedia.

B. Choosing one book for the entire class to read out loud.

Which of the following strategies involves a class communicating about important issues or voting about classroom activities? A. Service Learning Project B. Classroom Meeting C. Introductory Letter D. Class Goals

B. Classroom Meeting

Elementary students learn best with _____, or physical objects and ideas. A. Unknowns B. Concrete concepts C. Abstract ideas D. Variables

B. Concrete concepts

Before attempting to use mass media with young learners to teach civics or to discuss current events, a teacher should do which of the following: A. Use their own discretion to decide what websites are suitable for their students to use in class B. Consult parents with a list of websites for their approval that's suitable for young learners C. Allow young learners to access the Internet and social media websites that they like and have used before at home D. Only allow students to access websites the teacher uses to access media personally since the teacher is familiar with those websites

B. Consult parents with a list of websites for their approval that's suitable for young learners

Before starting an exercise program, you should always do what? A. Assume you are fine based on how you feel B. Consult with your doctor C. Ask a friend about which type of exercise is best D. Start with swimming because it does not damage joints E. Start with small sets of exercises to see how you feel

B. Consult with your doctor

Teaching _____ allows even younger students to ask questions, investigate them, and make observations to draw conclusions. A. Literacy skills B. Critical thinking and problem-solving C. Communication skills D. Collaboration and determination

B. Critical thinking and problem-solving

'Silence is golden when you can't think of a good answer.' - Muhammad Ali In this famous quote, which choice best describes the second part of the sentence 'when you can't think of a good answer?' A. Independent clause B. Dependent clause C. Compound sentence D. Complex sentence E. Simple sentence

B. Dependent clause

Which of the following assignments on developing healthy habits would best suit the needs of a kinesthetic learner? A. Reading a chapter about physical fitness from the textbook B. Designing a physical fitness routine and modeling it for classmates C. Listening to a lecture about the benefits of regular exercise D. Watching a video about nutrition

B. Designing a physical fitness routine and modeling it for classmates

A set of principles laid out as being unquestionably true is known as: A. Theory B. Dogma C. Science D. Pseudoscience E. Hypothesis

B. Dogma

An activity that involves students filling out a table with the genetic traits present within their family teaches students about _____. A. Mutations B. Dominant and recessive traits C. X and Y chromosomes D. Ethnic background

B. Dominant and recessive traits

Which of the following is true of drawing? A. Drawing should be minimized in the classroom. B. Drawing is a precursor to writing. C. Drawing is only important for building fine motor skills. D. Drawing is a distraction from literacy.

B. Drawing is a precursor to writing.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for fitness injuries? A. Compress the injured area B. Eliminate fluids containing sodium from your diet C. Elevate the injured limb D. Rest E. Ice

B. Eliminate fluids containing sodium from your diet

Which of the following is true of emergent literacy? A. Emergent literacy can be avoided if children learn to read quickly. B. Emergent literacy happens over a long period of time. C. Children need strict guidance during this phase. D. Emergent readers and writers should do as many worksheets as possible.

B. Emergent literacy happens over a long period of time.

What does ELL stand for? A. English lexicon low B. English language learner C. English learning limited D. English learning low

B. English language learner

The main principle of the National Association for the Education of Young Children's Code of Ethical Conduct is to not harm children. Which of the four sections of the code does this principle fall under? A. Ethical responsibilities to the community and society B. Ethical responsibilities to children C. Ethical responsibilities to colleagues D. Ethical responsibilities to families

B. Ethical responsibilities to children

A valid assessment always: A. Compares students to the whole B. Evaluates desired learning outcomes C. Requires student recall of rote facts D. Yields a bell curve E. Requires a percentage grade

B. Evaluates desired learning outcomes

When can children create shapes from other shapes? A. One to two B. Five to six C. Seven to eight D. Three to four

B. Five to six

Which of the following is NOT a type of graphic organizer? A. Flow charts B. Flexibility C. Problem-solution D. Venn diagram

B. Flexibility

You observe students as they cut out images that show safety procedures and glue them to the appropriate setting, either outdoors or indoors. Which of the following assessments are you using? A. Summative Assessment B. Formative Assessment C. Diagnostic Assessment D. Performance Based Task

B. Formative Assessment

Which of the following groups includes tools that can be used by teachers when teaching life science in early childhood? A. Tests, quizzes, book reports, and homework B. Games, apps, simulations, and videos C. Darwin's principles of evolution, laws of thermodynamics, and conservation of mass D. Experiments, science projects, and nature walks

B. Games, apps, simulations, and videos

All of the following are examples of a classroom accommodation EXCEPT _____. A. Seating a student with ADHD at the front of the classroom. B. Giving a student with ADHD a designated study period with a tutor each day. C. Seating the ADHD student next to a non-ADHD student. D. Scheduling the student's most difficult subjects in the morning when their attention span is maximized.

B. Giving a student with ADHD a designated study period with a tutor each day.

Which of these motor skills should a three month old baby be able to perform? A. Isolated index finger B. Grasping C. Inferior pincer grasp D. Self-feeding

B. Grasping

Which of the following is NOT a developmental skill used for measuring a child's development? A. Gross motor B. Gross anatomy C. Language D. Fine motor

B. Gross anatomy

Which of the following demonstrates correct comma usage with adjectives? A. He had a large densely packed, highly organized bookshelf in his office. B. He had a large, densely packed, highly organized bookshelf in his office. C. He had a large, densely packed highly organized bookshelf in his office. D. He had a, large densely packed highly organized, bookshelf in his office.

B. He had a large, densely packed, highly organized bookshelf in his office.

Which of the following programs is created by the federal government? A. OCDEL B. Head Start C. Race to the Top D. Pre-K Counts

B. Head Start

What grade level do you think would get the most use out of an internship program? A. Preschool B. High school C. Elementary School D. Middle School

B. High school

Why has the term assessment gotten such a bad reputation in recent years? A. All of the answers are correct. B. High-stakes testing in the schools has a negative reputation. C. All children hate to be assessed. D. It's just not a pretty word.

B. High-stakes testing in the schools has a negative reputation.

What assessment tool enables teachers to determine if their students have mastered historical thinking skills in ten minutes or less by writing two to three sentences about historical events or sources? A. National Council for the Social Studies B. History Assessments of Thinking C. Beyond the Bubble D. PASST Project

B. History Assessments of Thinking

Toddler Andrea recently began saying the word 'play' very excitedly. Her parents understand she is saying she wants to play now. This is an example of which type of speech? A. Syncretic B. Holophrase C. Motherese D. Telegraphic

B. Holophrase

What concept might be taught well through a word sort? A. How to spell polysyllabic words B. How to distinguish between the ''t'' sound and the ''d'' sound C. How to decode consonant blends D. How to remember sight words

B. How to distinguish between the ''t'' sound and the ''d'' sound

Which transition should be used for the following sentence: The man's attire and demeanor seemed intimidating at first. _____, as we began to speak I realized he was actually very kind. A. Also B. However C. In conclusion D. Otherwise

B. However

Which of the following laws gives disabled children the right to a free appropriate public education? A. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act B. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act C. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 D. Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act

B. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

How long does it take the brain to develop? A. At age 40 B. Into the teenage years C. When they turn 10 D. By kindergarten

B. Into the teenage years

Which of the following strategies can teachers implement before the school year begins to develop classroom community? Choose the best answer. A. Classroom Rules B. Introductory Letter C. Class Plays D. Classroom Mural

B. Introductory Letter

How does play benefit children? A. It does not affect their mental capacity. B. It can help increase their social and thinking skills. C. It can improve their immune system. D. It can help speed up their physical growth.

B. It can help increase their social and thinking skills.

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of punctuation? A. It adds interest to writing. B. It clarifies meaning in writing. C. It makes writing more difficult. D. It breaks up letters and words in writing.

B. It clarifies meaning in writing.

What is wrong with the following sentence? Most of the movies I like don't have a lot of explosions, sometimes I like horror movies though. A. It is a regular run-on sentence. B. It has a comma splice. C. There should be a semicolon after 'like.' D. It is a sentence fragment.

B. It has a comma splice.

Which of the following statements about child-directed speech is FALSE? A. It holds a baby's attention more than adult language B. It helps the child develop multiple languages concurrently C. It is likely to increase bonding between babies and parents D. It is integral to the child's initial language development E. It is also referred to as motherese

B. It helps the child develop multiple languages concurrently

Why is a safe and supportive learning environment important? A. It reflects well on the teacher. B. It increases the chances that students will succeed. C. It increases the chances that students will be gifted. D. It is mandated by law.

B. It increases the chances that students will succeed.

When would a student require articulation therapy? A. It is only needed when the student has English as their second language B. It is needed when the student has difficulty producing one or more sounds C. It is needed when the student has difficulty holding a conversation D. It is not needed until after high school and before college

B. It is needed when the student has difficulty producing one or more sounds

How is the thesis statement used in the conclusion? A. A new thesis statement is included in the conclusion. B. It is restated in the conclusion, but in different words. C. It is not included in the conclusion. D. It is repeated word-for-word in the conclusion.

B. It is restated in the conclusion, but in different words.

If a statement is statistically significant, then: A. It occurred due to chance B. It is unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone C. It didn't occur at all D. It's likely to have occurred due to chance alone

B. It is unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone

What is the significance of using emotion in the conclusion? A. Emotion is a useful tool in works of fiction, but not essays. B. It may help the reader to understand the writer's point of view. C. Emotion is an effective way to increase an essay's word count. D. Use of emotion is forbidden in the conclusion.

B. It may help the reader to understand the writer's point of view.

What is the proper way to contract the possessive form of 'it'? A. It's B. Its C. Its' D. None of the answers are correct.

B. Its

Which of the following statements is NOT a nativist perspective on language development? A. We are born with an innate ability to learn language. B. Language is developed through imitation. C. Language development is biological. D. No formal learning process is necessary for the development of language.

B. Language is developed through imitation.

Jimmy learns best when he is able to read a book about a certain topic. What is his preferred modality of learning? A. Interpersonal B. Linguistic C. Bodily-kinesthetic D. Musical

B. Linguistic

Why do children so often not listen? A. They are mostly interested in themselves. B. Listening is a hard and complicated skill. C. They would probably rather do something else. D. Many children have hearing impairments.

B. Listening is a hard and complicated skill.

Which of the following is a benefit of civic participation? A. Working for the good of those in power B. Living conditions improve in our communities C. A controlling government D. Disengaging from other's problems

B. Living conditions improve in our communities

Which answer choice does NOT represent an example of an effective strategy for treating students with ADHD? A. Using learning assessments to gain an understanding of the most effective ways for students to learn B. Maintaining the same standards for all students and enforcing strict discipline to ensure all students meet them C. Providing extra academic support, such as an additional study period or increased time to complete assignments D. Modifying the classroom layout to minimize opportunities for distraction for students with ADHD

B. Maintaining the same standards for all students and enforcing strict discipline to ensure all students meet them

Which relates to a failure to provide emotional and social support? A. Affect B. Neglect C. Attachment D. Negative attention-seeking behavior

B. Neglect

Dr. A. Jean Ayres defined sensory integration as a(n): A. Hematological process B. Neurological process C. Immunological process D. Notational process

B. Neurological process

How is numeration different than number sense? A. Neither are correct. B. Numeration is represented by counting on your fingers, where number sense is understanding that the 2 in the tens place actually means 20 and not 2. C. Number sense is represented by counting on your fingers, where numeration is understanding that the 2 in the tens place actually means 20 and not 2. D. Both are correct.

B. Numeration is represented by counting on your fingers, where number sense is understanding that the 2 in the tens place actually means 20 and not 2.

Which form of early childhood assessment involves watching children interact in their environment? A. Teacher rating scales B. Observation C. Progress monitoring D. Universal screening

B. Observation

Which of these is a process that requires scientists to critique each other's work and decide whether it meets the standards of the scientific community? A. Experiment B. Peer review C. Question D. Conclusion

B. Peer review

Which is a good way to increase comprehension after reading? A. Plant schema. B. Perform readers' theater. C. Use strategies. D. Write vocabulary definitions.

B. Perform readers' theater.

Substitutions of letters and blends to make new words is a good way to teach _____ awareness. A. Comprehension B. Phonemic C. Reading D. Substitution

B. Phonemic

As an educator, doing this gives you a great deal of clout with your peers, and you might even get paid for it. A. All of the answers are true. B. Presenting at conventions C. Using the Internet in the classroom D. Writing an article

B. Presenting at conventions

What is another term for fantasy play? A. Imaginative play B. Pretend play C. There is no other term for fantasy play. D. Fairytale play

B. Pretend play

Which title of the following novel is capitalized correctly? A. pride and prejudice B. Pride and Prejudice C. Pride And Prejudice D. Pride and prejudice

B. Pride and Prejudice

Which of the following is an example of a fluency disorder? A. Fronting B. Prolongation C. Distortion D. Backing

B. Prolongation

The following are concepts that younger students should know about earth science, EXCEPT: A. Visible details of Earth using topographical maps B. Properties of the atmosphere and gases C. Water cycle on Earth D. Earth's timeline and formation

B. Properties of the atmosphere and gases

Results from various assessments show that only a small group of your students is on level for developing gross motor skills while using equipment. Most of your students are below level for this skill. What should you do next? A. Create another type of assessment on this topic to see if students can demonstrate understanding. B. Provide more experience, practice, and small group instruction with a variety of activities on this topic. C. Allow students to practice gross motor skills while using equipment with a partner. D. Provide challenging activities incorporating this skill for the group that is on level.

B. Provide more experience, practice, and small group instruction with a variety of activities on this topic.

At what step in the scientific method does a scientist propose the problem that he or she wants to solve? A. Analysis B. Question C. Experiment D. Hypothesis

B. Question

Sally is attending a presentation on ethics for a class in her Masters program. She is focusing on tying some of the key information to concepts that she has already learned in an effort to help her recall the information at a later time. What steps is she concerned with in the listening process? A. Understanding B. Remembering C. Attending D. Hearing

B. Remembering

Which of the following is a management strategy that supports a differentiated math classroom? A. Learning menus B. Rescue card C. Student surveys D. Exit slips

B. Rescue card

What does R.A.F.T. stand for? A. Read, Answer, Finish, Turn in B. Role, Audience, Format, Topic C. Reply, Address, Format, Try again D. Respect, Action, Fairness, Trust

B. Role, Audience, Format, Topic

Which of the following is important to remember when teaching life science in early childhood? A. Science should be complex from an early age to get them used to it. B. Science needs to be fun to keep children's interest. C. Science needs to be the only subject taught in school. D. Science should involve reading out of textbooks often.

B. Science needs to be fun to keep children's interest.

Which statement best describes the relationship between spelling and shared reading? A. Shared reading has nothing to do with spelling instruction. B. Shared reading helps you highlight spelling patterns and sight words. C. Shared reading is a good time to quiz students on spelling words. D. Shared reading teaches the highest level students how to extend their own spelling.

B. Shared reading helps you highlight spelling patterns and sight words.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Standardized test items are not parallel with typical classroom skills and behaviors. B. Since general knowledge is assessed, educators can use standardized test results to inform their individual instruction methods. C. Standardized test scores can be used for tracking academic progress over time. D. Students should be allowed to practice test-taking skills that are needed for standardized testing (such as giving timed assignments) in order to decrease test anxiety.

B. Since general knowledge is assessed, educators can use standardized test results to inform their individual instruction methods.

The bell rings for second period and all of the students stand up, look towards the American flag and begin saying the Pledge of Allegiance. This is an example of A. Hierarchy of Needs B. Socialization C. Differentiation D. Moral Development E. Psychosocial Development

B. Socialization

What is the difference between static stretching and ballistic stretching? A. Static stretching can be harmful, whereas ballistic stretching is safer. B. Static stretching is holding a pose for a while, whereas ballistic stretching is bouncing up and down. C. Static stretching is bouncing up and down, whereas ballistic stretching is holding a pose for a while. D. Static stretching is done after a cardio workout, whereas ballistic stretching is done after a strength training workout. D. Static stretching is used by athletes, whereas anyone can do ballistic stretching.

B. Static stretching is holding a pose for a while, whereas ballistic stretching is bouncing up and down.

Administrators at Woodrow Wilson Middle School use tracking with their students. Based on this, what would you expect to find when touring their school? A. Students carrying individual sheets to track their daily academic and behavior goals. B. Students are segregated into different classrooms based upon their academic ability. C. Students with assignment rubrics on their desks so they can track each lesson's goals. D. Students following specific lanes within the hallways to allow for smooth transitions between subjects.

B. Students are segregated into different classrooms based upon their academic ability.

Dell made a list of the advantages of tracking. Edit his list by indicating which one he wrote in error. A. Teachers are able to provide instruction at a pace that is applicable for each particular class. B. Students of advanced ability are held back from learning. C. Students can boost their self-confidence. D. Students of advanced ability can learn as much and as quickly as possible.

B. Students of advanced ability are held back from learning.

Which students might especially benefit from multisensory mapping? A. Good athletes B. Students with dyslexia C. Students who love writing D. Strong readers

B. Students with dyslexia

Eighteen-month-old Wally witnesses his older brother place a school permission slip in a kitchen drawer and assumes others know where it has been placed. Later, when Wally sees his father looking for the permission slip, Wally says, 'I like ice cream, that not there.' Which type of speech does this describe? A. Holophrase B. Syncretic C. Motherese D. Telegraphic

B. Syncretic

How do visuals help elementary students learn geometry shapes and angles? A. They help by explaining the difference between an equation and formula. B. Teachers can use visuals to connect the name of the shape to the image of the shape. C. Images of shapes can be used to see what shape students like best and why. D. Educators use images to make their lecture slides more attractive and pretty.

B. Teachers can use visuals to connect the name of the shape to the image of the shape.

Guided reading practice is when: A. Teachers listen to students read and tell them what they are doing wrong. B. Teachers read a story as the students follow along. C. Teachers give students the answers to their reading assessment tests. D. Teachers give students packets with reading passages and related questions.

B. Teachers read a story as the students follow along.

Which is true about early literacy screenings? A. Teachers use data to keep children out of school. B. Teachers use data to determine if interventions are necessary. C. Teachers use data to grade students. D. Teachers use data to separate children who are under performing.

B. Teachers use data to determine if interventions are necessary.

Which of the following sentences does NOT use a hyphen correctly? A. Twenty-two dancers were cut from the auditions. B. That essay was long - I mean really long! C. We built a large walk-in closet in our bedroom. D. You have to try their hand-tossed pizza.

B. That essay was long - I mean really long!

When evaluating traditional resources, which should you pay the most attention to? A. That the material is not a creative distraction B. That the reading selection or activity relates to the learning standard C. That the material provides choices for students D. That the assessment consists of different types of questions E. That the activity provides a visual representation of information

B. That the reading selection or activity relates to the learning standard

When evaluating graphic organizers, what should you check for? A. That they are student created B. That the visuals support learning and are not just creative distractions C. That they are colorful and interesting D. That they are teacher created E. That they match the standard

B. That the visuals support learning and are not just creative distractions

What is number sense? A. Basic counting B. The ability to take numbers and relate them to real life problem solving. C. Mimicking a song about numbers, but not understanding what the numbers mean. D. Watching a cartoon.

B. The ability to take numbers and relate them to real life problem solving.

What makes the same Pre-K standards applicable to the 3 to 5 year old range of children? A. The children in the 3 year age group are given a chance to learn at a higher level B. The children in the 5 year age group will be expected to have a higher proficiency compared to the 3 year olds C. The children in the 3-5 year range are provided with the same learning materials D. The children in the 3-5 year range are expected to gain the same level of knowledge

B. The children in the 5 year age group will be expected to have a higher proficiency compared to the 3 year olds

Which of the following is NOT a right protected by the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act? A, The right of a father to view his child's educational records B. The right of a student to view her or his teacher's personnel record C. The right of a mother to correct inaccurate information in her child's educational record D. The right to keep students' educational records confidential

B. The right of a student to view her or his teacher's personnel record

What aspect of students' lives can you connect with the levels of government in order to help them understand governmental structure? A. An imaginary land B. The structure and organization of their school C. Their city government D. Their homes

B. The structure and organization of their school

How might using a vocabulary box benefit an ELL student? IA. t helps the student memorize math terms prior to understanding how to complete problems. B. The student finds a real-world application to enhance their understanding. C. It is quick and easy for a student to complete. D. It works well for an auditory learner.

B. The student finds a real-world application to enhance their understanding.

What is phonology? A. Having proper grammar and spelling B. The systematic organization of sounds into language C. Being able to produce sounds D. The study of telephones

B. The systematic organization of sounds into language

Informal assessments should be used when _____. A. The teacher wants to determine if students have met course objectives B. The teacher wants to make observations of students' social interactions with other children C. The teacher has provided advanced notice to the students to study D. The students should demonstrate their performance in a given area

B. The teacher wants to make observations of students' social interactions with other children

Which statement is TRUE? A. There are no free professional development activities for teachers. B. There are some free professional development activities. C. All school districts pay for all professional development for all teachers. D. All teachers must pay for all of their professional development.

B. There are some free professional development activities.

Which of the following statements describes children's language development in Asian cultures? A. They are more likely to learn language quicker than children in English-language environments B. They are more likely to be expressive-style language learners C. They are more likely to be receptive-style language learners D. They are more likely to slowly learn language compared to children in English-language environments

B. They are more likely to be expressive-style language learners

How is a gifted child considered different from a normal child? A. They have average abilities and are capable of average performance. B. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance. C. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of average performance D. They have average abilities and are capable of high performance.

B. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance.

How did Renzulli theorize that giftedness arises? A. Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task indifference, and creativity. B. Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity. C. Through the interaction of three human traits: average abilities, task commitment and creativity. D. Through the interaction of three human traits: below average abilities, task commitment and creativity.

B. Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity.

If Michelle is sexually harassed by a fellow student, and her school fails to adequately investigate it, which law has the school violated? A. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act B. Title IX of the Education Amendments C. The Equal Education Opportunity Act D. Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act

B. Title IX of the Education Amendments

Which of the following is NOT included in the general rules of self-editing? A. When working on a timed essay, budget 10-15% of your time for editing. B. To be as fresh as possible, edit your paper immediately after you finish writing it. C. To help you see each word, read your paper backward while editing. D. Read your paper aloud when you are in the process of editing.

B. To be as fresh as possible, edit your paper immediately after you finish writing it.

Why is capitalization important? A. To clearly demonstrate a strong emotion that a writer is attempting to convey to readers B. To show readers the importance of specific words and to indicate a change in meanings C. None of the answers are correct; capitalization does not play an important role in conveying a clear meaning to readers. D. As a formatting tool to illustrate the start of a new paragraph or section

B. To show readers the importance of specific words and to indicate a change in meanings

How does a topic sentence differ from a thesis statement? A. Topic sentences are present only as part of a technical summary prior to the main body of the essay, while a thesis statement should be the final statement of the introduction. B. Topic sentences help preview the content of a paragraph, while a thesis statement determines the purpose of the entire essay. C. Topic sentences are all statements which oppose the main thesis, while the goal of the thesis statement is to refute the topic statements. D. Topic sentences should only be used to help support the conclusion, while the thesis statement should only be mentioned in the introduction.

B. Topic sentences help preview the content of a paragraph, while a thesis statement determines the purpose of the entire essay.

Between-class ability grouping is also known as: A. Surveillance B. Tracking C. Observations D. Monitoring

B. Tracking

Which of the following is NOT a type of development humans experience? A. Socioemotional B. Traditional C. Cognitive D. Physical

B. Traditional

What is phonological awareness? A. Reading fluently and with expression B. Understanding how sounds fit together in words C. Understanding how words fit together in a sentence D. Remembering sight words

B. Understanding how sounds fit together in words

A _____, or a symbol that represents a quantity, can be taught to a younger student by showing a concrete image, such as an apple is worth five cents. A. Pattern B. Variable C. Concept D. Passage

B. Variable

A type of compare/contrast organizer is: A. Fishbone B. Venn diagram C. A web D. Cornell Note-taking

B. Venn diagram

How can you help students experience areas of the world that are very far away from their neighborhood and community? A. Give them a test B. Virtual field trips C. Read them their textbook D. Field trips

B. Virtual field trips

What is Pennsylvania's state motto? A. Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation B. Virtue, Liberty, and Independence C. Live Free or Die D. Regnat Populus

B. Virtue, Liberty, and Independence

Which of the following is NOT a major element of prosody? A. Flow B. Vocabulary C. Intonation D. Expression

B. Vocabulary

Which of the following is NOT the correct way to use the colon? A. Tom went to school and saw his worst nightmare: his parents talking to his math teacher. B. We are trying very hard to explain the situation to everyone and work on all of the existing concerns: Moving on, there are many difficult things we must discuss. C. We believe that a lot of things need to be changed around the school: books, the teacher's attitudes, as well as the equipment. D. I'm going to watch a movie called 'Caesar: The Rise of Rome'.

B. We are trying very hard to explain the situation to everyone and work on all of the existing concerns: Moving on, there are many difficult things we must discuss.

What is the prefix in the word amorphous? A. mor B. a C. ous D. amor E. morph

B. a

What can teachers watch for in the process of writing? A. spelling strategies B. all of these answers are correct C. self editing strategies D. methods of planning

B. all of these answers are correct

This type of learner needs quiet contemplation to understand ideas after periods of teacher driven instruction that involved steps that built upon each other. A. kinetic B. analytic C. tactile D. global

B. analytic

All of the following factors impact standardized test performance EXCEPT: A. attention B. appearance C. motivation D. anxiety

B. appearance

Jamie adds what she learns about reflecting light using a prism to her existing knowledge about rainbows after it rains. What is this an example of? A. schema B. assimilation C. inquiry D. accommodation

B. assimilation

When differentiating instruction, the choices you offer students should _____. A. be the same for all students, regardless of ability level B. be dependent on the objective and what skills and knowledge you want to assess C. always include a paper-based assessment D. be approved by school administration in advance

B. be dependent on the objective and what skills and knowledge you want to assess

Which is a tier-one word? A. calligrapher B. camera C. camphor D. collage

B. camera

Which word is a lexical morpheme? A. of B. chair C. and D. re

B. chair

Which reading skill involves linking what one has read to aspects of one's personal life? A. visualizing B. connecting C. predicting D. identifying

B. connecting

The material that students are supposed to learn is referred to as _____. A. process B. content C. product D. procedure

B. content

Measureable goals on the student IEP are those that the child will attempt to reach _____. A. by the end of the school day B. during the academic year C. during summer school D. in the after-school program

B. during the academic year

Which of the following words should be capitalized? A. lake B. england C. state D. land

B. england

Which of the following is a normal phonological process for a seven-year-old? A. cluster reduction B. epenthesis C. weak syllable deletion D. initial consonant deletion

B. epenthesis

Which reading skill consists of making a judgment or forming an opinion on the selection? A. connect B. evaluate C. identify D. predict

B. evaluate

Which writing assessment can be given before the writing process? A. purpose assessment B. flash draft C. grammar quiz D. spelling test

B. flash draft

Lu is teaching her students about the four seasons. As she tells them about each one, she regularly asks them questions to see if they are understanding. Lu's questioning is an example of a _____ assessment. A. diagnostic B. formative C. summative D. screening

B. formative

An IEP is a(n) _____ plan for educating a child who receives special education services. A. modified B. individualized C. accommodated D. lengthy

B. individualized

What drawback from benchmarking can result from classifying some schools as high-performing and others as low-performing? S. increased learning B. inequity C. raising the bar D. increased achievement

B. inequity

Children will build foundational skills to help them explore their creativity, think critically and make observations to build future knowledge when teachers: A. use creativity B. integrate the arts into core content areas C. use discovery learning D. explore science concepts

B. integrate the arts into core content areas

Noah believes that a person's genes and environment influence each other. His belief is an example of the _____. A. body vs environment debate B. interaction of nature and nurture C. interaction of DNA and heredity D. nature vs. nurture debate

B. interaction of nature and nurture

According to Renzulli, at the _____ of above-average ability, task commitment, and creativity you will find gifted behavior. A. cross roads B. intersection C. roundabout D. end

B. intersection

Authentic assessments _____. A. require both text and numbers B. involve a realistic application C. are multiple choice D. are true or false

B. involve a realistic application

Hearing _____, whereas listening _____. A. is where we try to make sense out of the noise we hear; starts with noise, vibrations, and the movement of fluid in the ears and sound sent to the brain B. is an involuntary process; is a voluntary act C. is a voluntary act; is an involuntary process D. requires conscious action; happens when noise arrives to the brain

B. is an involuntary process; is a voluntary act

Using idiomatic phrases such as 'bury the hatchet' could lead to _____. A. content bias B. item bias C. method bias D. construct bias

B. item bias

A person who learns mathematics better when they physically work through a problem themselves instead of listening to a lecture utilizes _____. A. linguistic intelligence B. kinesthetic intelligence C. interpersonal intelligence D. naturalistic intelligence

B. kinesthetic intelligence

Why is it a good idea to have students make predictions throughout the reading as well as before? A. making predictions throughout can show if students are creating images in their minds B. making predictions throughout can show what they understand about the text so far C. making predictions throughout can show if students know the main story elements D. it is only important to make predictions before the reading, and not throughout

B. making predictions throughout can show what they understand about the text so far

When baby Terrell says 'wa-wa-wa' and points to a cup, his mother responds with 'you want water,' and reinforces his learning by giving him a drink of water. This is an example of the _____ perspective of language development. A. call and response B. operant conditioning C. social interaction D. information processing

B. operant conditioning

A call to action in the conclusion is most appropriate in a _____ essay. A. process B. persuasive C. descriptive D. personal narrative

B. persuasive

Which of the following may be a sign of a phonological disorder in a four-year-old? A. epenthesis B. reduplication C. depalatization D. alveolarization

B. reduplication

Brandon is a toddler whose vocabulary consists of labels, such as 'doggie' for all four-legged animals and 'ball' for anything round. His neighbor Cara, who is a few months older, says 'thank you' when given something, and 'good doggie' when she sees the family pet respond to a command. Brandon exhibits the _____ language style, while Cara is developing _____ language. A. receptive; social B. referential; expressive C. expressive; referential D. social; receptive

B. referential; expressive

This type of learner is creative and learns visually, and also may be described as disorganized and/or intuitive A. reflective B. right hemisphere C. global D. left hemisphere

B. right hemisphere

Mrs. Gregg uses an assessment to evaluate children's knowledge and abilities formed in pre-school and in the home. She is using a _____ assessment. A. formative B. school readiness C. specific aptitude D. scholastic aptitude

B. school readiness

Describe some main areas of your classroom that should be arranged to help meet the diverse needs of your students. A. area for jackets and backpacks, small groups seating, learning stations, and computers/technology area B. seating for partners, small group, and whole group; learning centers; play areas; and computers C. seating for whole group on the floor, bright lights, many posters, and room for play D. rows of desks for students, different learning stations, a reading corner, and manipulatives

B. seating for partners, small group, and whole group; learning centers; play areas; and computers

Resilience in children tends to be particularly high regarding _____ issues. A. cognitive B. socioemotional C. physical D. recall

B. socioemotional

Which of the following is an example of oral language? A. chart B. speech C. map D. book

B. speech

One activity that is easily accessible for public school teachers is acting out a _____ read in class. A. song B. story C. letter D. painting

B. story

An assessment used to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction at the end of a specific course is referred to as a _____ assessment. A. general aptitude B. summative C. formative D. scholastic aptitude

B. summative

Authentic assessments require that the students _____. A. fill out forms B. take some sort of action C. be good at math D. be able to speak well

B. take some sort of action

When children work with other children to create a dance, play, or mural, it cultivates _____. A. introversion B. team work C. problem solving D. imagination

B. team work

Franklin, a high school junior, can accurately determine which girls will go out with him and which will not. According to Mead, this awareness is an example of _____. A. role playing B. the Generalized Other C. the Super Ego D. the Game Stage

B. the Generalized Other

For younger students, it is important for them to know _____ about space science A. the satellites orbiting the Earth B. the patterns and properties of the sun, moon, and stars C. the properties of meteorites, meteors, and astroids D. The constellations traveling through the night sky

B. the patterns and properties of the sun, moon, and stars

Creating descriptive character drawings or comic strips based off a reading selection are examples of assessment for which skill? A. connections B. visualization C. predictions D. identifying

B. visualization

Which of the following does not have a formal role in the early childhood classroom? A. paraprofessionals B. volunteers C. student teachers D. special education team

B. volunteers

When quotation marks are involved, which of the following demonstrates the correct usage of a comma? A. ''It's going to be, gorgeous weather outside today'' the teacher said. B. Commas are not used with quotation marks. C. ''It's going to be gorgeous weather outside today,'' the teacher said. D. ''It's going to be gorgeous weather outside today'', the teacher said.

C. ''It's going to be gorgeous weather outside today,'' the teacher said.

Which numbers do children aged one and two know? A. Up to 5 B. Up to 100 C. 1 and 2 D. Up to 10

C. 1 and 2

Which of the following is an interrogation point? A. / B. : C. ? D. !

C. ?

Which of the following is an instructional strategy that supports a differentiated math classroom? A. An Exit Slip B. A Rescue Card C. A Learning Menu D. A Student Survey

C. A Learning Menu

What is an assignment that can be defined as a live book trailer or a commercial for the book that the student has been reading? A. A book conference. B. IRT (Independent Reading Time). C. A book talk. D. A book trailer.

C. A book talk.

What is an example of negative attention-seeking behavior? A. A child waiting his or her turn to play on the playground during recess B. A parent ignoring their child in favor of talking on the phone C. A child disrupting class by throwing pencils and paper everywhere D. A child frequently asking the teacher questions

C. A child disrupting class by throwing pencils and paper everywhere

Which of the following scenarios would support the nativist perspective? A. A child slowly develops sounds, words, and full understanding of language over a series of years. B. A baby with an older brother picks up language more quickly because he wants to be like his sibling. C. A child puts words together to create sentences he has never heard before. D. A baby learns new words by imitating the sounds of his parents.

C. A child puts words together to create sentences he has never heard before.

What is an IEP team? A. A group of teachers who work together on a daily basis with a child with special needs B. A group of individuals who work to ensure that disability laws are being followed C. A group of individuals who work to ensure that a child with special needs is supported academically D. A groups students with special needs and their supportive friends and families

C. A group of individuals who work to ensure that a child with special needs is supported academically

This is a single assertion, a proposed explanation of something based on available knowledge, for something yet to be explained, one that is subject to further experimentation. A. Dogma B. Natural law C. A hypothesis D. Theory E. Pseudoscience

C. A hypothesis

Which of these is not an alternative assessment? A. A writing prompt B. A student portfolio C. A matching test D. A student presentation E. A student journal

C. A matching test

Jane is writing an essay for her English 101 course. She has a lot of arguments in mind and she is trying to select which sources she should use. Which of the following would be the MOST reputable source? A. A blog entry made by Fukuyama, F., that is the most up-to-date source that Jane could find B. A Wikipedia entry C. A paper by Thompson, J. published in the Journal of Philosophy, that is a peer reviewed journal D. A very recent op-ed written by a credible journalist that was published in the Washington Post

C. A paper by Thompson, J. published in the Journal of Philosophy, that is a peer reviewed journal

Based on its definition, which of the following is most likely a diagnostic assessment? A. A final exam given in a AP calculus class B. A learning styles inventory given at the beginning of the year in a fourth-grade class C. A pretest on the Civil War given in a ninth-grade history class D. A Myers-Briggs personality assessment administered by a school pscyhologist

C. A pretest on the Civil War given in a ninth-grade history class

All of the following are examples of diagnostic assessment EXCEPT: A. A reading level assessment given prior to tutoring a student B. A questionnaire about student attitudes towards reading given on the first day of school C. A short-answer test given at the conclusion of a unit of study D. A multiple-choice test on a topic given a week before instruction on that unit began

C. A short-answer test given at the conclusion of a unit of study

Which of the following is an example of the leading cause of death in children over the age of one? A. A child succumbs to cardiac arrest stemming from childhood obesity B. An adolescent dies from juvenile leukemia C. A six year-old is struck by a vehicle while chasing their ball D. A baby dies from juvenile diabetes resultant from consuming sugary baby food

C. A six year-old is struck by a vehicle while chasing their ball

The idea of the Language Acquisition Device, developed by Noam Chomsky, could be described as: A. The ability of the nervous system to allow the correct production of speech sounds. B. The system followed by researchers to track the stages of learning universal grammar. C. A specific area of the brain responsible for understanding the rules of language. D. A computerized system used to model natural language development.

C. A specific area of the brain responsible for understanding the rules of language.

If a teacher is pressed for time, which situation best warrants a personal message or phone call home? A. A student forgot to turn in an assignment. B. A student's average on spelling tests has decreased slightly. C. A student has been bullying other students for the past week. D. A student took too long in the bathroom that day.

C. A student has been bullying other students for the past week.

How would you best describe a summative assessment? A. A variety of tasks that students can perform to show their understanding of a specific concept. B. A test you use at intervals to see if students are meeting grade-level requirements. C. A test that you use at the end of a unit to see if students have mastered certain concepts. D. A variety of assessments that you use throughout a unit or chapter to check on students' understanding.

C. A test that you use at the end of a unit to see if students have mastered certain concepts.

Evaluate the metaphors below and indicate which one best aligns with a general definition of sensory dysfunction. A. A harmonious melody of information. B. A file cabinet of information. C. A traffic jam of information. D. An explosion of information.

C. A traffic jam of information.

What is an anecdote? A. A final statement in an essay. B. A dictionary definition. C. A very short story. D. A required element of conclusions.

C. A very short story.

What is a sight word? A. A word that is phonetically regular B. A word with only three letters C. A word that appears frequently D. A word that is so complex, students must memorize it

C. A word that appears frequently

Which of the following is an example of a choice-based assessment that a student could select to demonstrate knowledge about the effects of the Industrial Revolution? A. A piece of art that demonstrates the effects of the Industrial Revolution B. A dialogue or short performance about the effects of the Industrial Revolution C. All answers are correct D. A cause-and-effect essay about the effects of the Industrial Revolution

C. All answers are correct

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the interviewing method of research? A. Interviewing gives real world, practical information. B. Interviewing allows for probing. C. All interview answers do not need to be fact checked. D. Interviewing allows the interviewer to ask follow-up questions.

C. All interview answers do not need to be fact checked.

What are the ways apostrophes are used? A. Contractions B. Non-possessive plurals C. All of the answers are correct. D. Possessives

C. All of the answers are correct.

What should teachers consider when choosing vocabulary? A. A student's ability B. A student's age C. All of the answers are correct. D. A student's working vocabulary

C. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following have been observed in children on the autism spectrum? A. Demonstrating repetitive (stereotypical) behavior B. Preferring to be alone C. All of the answers are correct. D. Difficulty interpreting social cues, such as facial expressions

C. All of the answers are correct.

How can an ecological assessment help improve the educational performance of a student? A. It can reveal if the child's behavior is affected by the expectations of an authority figure so that the student's support team can address this issue. B. It can reveal if the child's behavior is affected by the physical environment so that the student's support team can address this issue. C. All the answers are correct. D. It can reveal if the child's behavior is affected by the interactions with other people so that the student's support team can address this issue.

C. All the answers are correct.

Guided practice can be used in: A. Only in math class because the concepts are so abstract that students are often confused. B. Only when the teacher has time to fit it into her lesson plans. C. Any class where English Language Learners and other students need support. D. Only in the language arts classroom because English Language Learners are not proficient in the English language.

C. Any class where English Language Learners and other students need support.

Which of the following statements is not correct? A. At age 3 years, a child should be able to pedal a tricycle for a short distance. B. At age 24 months, a child should be able to place themselves into a small chair. C. At age 1 month, an infant should be able to roll over from back to tummy and tummy to back. D. At age 6 years, a child should be able to hop on one foot for a distance of 20 feet without falling.

C. At age 1 month, an infant should be able to roll over from back to tummy and tummy to back.

When are exclamation marks NOT typically used in a sentence? A. At the end of a forceful statement or command B. To show a surprising statement C. At the end of a question D. In a non-question sentence after the expletive how or what E. When you want to display a strong or urgent feeling

C. At the end of a question

According to Vygotsky, a child's use of the word 'da' for daddy is indicative of which stage of speech development? A. Preintellectual speech B. Egocentric speech C. Autonomous speech D. Self-talk

C. Autonomous speech

Why is the attention getter such an important element of the introductory paragraph? A. Because it has to connect to all of the main points of the essay. B. Because it is the main argument of the essay. C. Because if the essay writer doesn't communicate their main idea in the first sentence, they may fail to do so later on. C. Because if the essay writer cannot engage the reader, their message will most likely be lost.

C. Because if the essay writer cannot engage the reader, their message will most likely be lost.

How should you design your Geography lessons, especially those about areas of the world with which students have little experience? A. None of the answers are correct B. By making them easy C. By helping students relate the material to their own lives and environment D. By skipping over the difficult concepts

C. By helping students relate the material to their own lives and environment

The Homestead Strike of 1892 pitted industrial workers against which company? A. Pennsylvania Railroad B. Hershey C. Carnegie Steel D. Standard Oil

C. Carnegie Steel

Which of the following is an important step to remember when using the new-found knowledge from your reference material? A. Try to make up things that aren't true just to keep the readers on their toes B. Only use information you agree with C. Cite your sources D. Use as much information as you can find

C. Cite your sources

At the PTA meeting, several in attendance spoke out against tracking. Which argument was counterproductive? A. Once a student is placed on a particular track, they typically remain on that track. B. Class division can lead students to develop lifelong feelings of inferiority or superiority. C. Class division always leads students to develop lifelong feelings of self-confidence. D. The method used to separate students into classes may not be equitable.

C. Class division always leads students to develop lifelong feelings of self-confidence.

All of the following are characteristics of pre-linguistic language development, EXCEPT: A. Cooing and laughter B. Vegetative sounds C. Complex utterance D. Vocal play

C. Complex utterance

Mixing up your workouts so you do not overuse one set of muscles is known as: A. Stretching B. Cooling down C. Cross training D. Warming up E. RICE

C. Cross training

How can you help students relate what they are learning to things happening in the world around them? A. Virtual field trips B. Tourism presentations C. Current events activities D. Lectures

C. Current events activities

Before learning about differentiated instruction, students were asked to guess the meaning of the term. The teacher received these four responses. Analyze these responses and indicate which one best aligns with the concept of differentiated instruction. A. Differentiating instruction means you give all students different amounts and different kinds of work most every day. B. Differentiating instruction means you develop a different lesson for each student to allow them to demonstrate what they have learned. C. Differentiating instruction means you provide students with different options for demonstrating what they have learned. D. Differentiating instruction means you assign more work at the same level to high-achieving students.

C. Differentiating instruction means you provide students with different options for demonstrating what they have learned.

One of the ways to get children to practice their fine motor skills is to get them to: A. Throw a ball across a room B. Do tumbles across the living room floor C. Do finger-painting D. Touch their hands to their toes

C. Do finger-painting

Which of the following is an example of the phonological process disorder called fronting? A. Rabbit sounds like wabbit. B. Picture for pitcher C. Dot for got D. Bumblebee becomes gumblegee

C. Dot for got

Which of the following is a benefit of differentiated instruction in science? A. Your students get better grades, since all receive modifications B. Each student gets the grade they deserve based on how much information they could retain C. Each student gets the support they need to achieve the learning goal D. Each student gets the same amount of extra help, ensuring the classroom is fair

C. Each student gets the support they need to achieve the learning goal

The study of the relationships and interactions of ecosystems is called _____. A. Sociology B. Geology C. Ecology D. Biology

C. Ecology

Vincent is reading over the paper that he has written. He realizes that he went off on a bit of a tangent, and one of his main points does not line up with his thesis statement. This was discovered while Vincent was _____. A. Indexing B. Editing for mechanics C. Editing for content D. Proofreading

C. Editing for content

Sarah has just completed writing a paper. She is now spending time making sure that her subjects and verbs always agree, that she is using active voice instead of passive voice, and that she has good variety in her sentence structure. This is an example of which of the following? A. Proofreading B. Editing for content C. Editing for mechanics D. Indexing

C. Editing for mechanics

Choose the best answer as it relates to explaining copyrighted material. A. No one needs to worry about copyrighted material. B. Only middle school and high school students need to understand the parameters of copyrighted material. C. Elementary, middle, high school and adult learners can comprehend the concept of copyrighted material. D. Only college students need to understand the concept of copyrighted materials.

C. Elementary, middle, high school and adult learners can comprehend the concept of copyrighted material.

If a family is too close, and there is no encouragement of individuality, their level of Cohesion is: A. Distant B. Connected C. Enmeshed D. Overly Connected E. Disengaged

C. Enmeshed

Clarissa's town has laws in place that require educators to report any children who aren't vaccinated. Knowing about this law falls under which section of the National Association for the Education of Young Children's Code of Ethical Conduct? A. Ethical responsibilities to medical professionals B. Ethical responsibilities to colleagues C. Ethical responsibilities to the community and society D. Ethical responsibilities to families

C. Ethical responsibilities to the community and society

In adhering to the Safety and Prevention Health Standards, how would you prepare your students for a fire in the school? A. Have students practice the procedure in case of a fire. B. Explain what to do in case of a fire. C. Explain and show pictures of what students should do in a fire. Have students practice the procedure in case of a fire. D. Have students watch a video about preventing fires and then take them on a field trip to the local fire department.

C. Explain and show pictures of what students should do in a fire. Have students practice the procedure in case of a fire.

Analyze the following situation and identify which element of prosody needs improvement: John reads a passage from a children's book to an audience of kindergarteners. He does vary his pitch somewhat, but he uses the same voice for the dialogue of both the lazy, human character and the excited and enthusiastic dog character. A. No improvement is needed B. Intonation C. Expression D. Flow

C. Expression

What is the first step in finding appropriate instruction for children? A. Teach directly to the standards B. Scaffold the learning C. Find out what they know and how they learn D. Play games with them

C. Find out what they know and how they learn

Assume that you wanted to indicate a shift in time in your writing. Which of the following words or phrases would you want to AVOID using? A. Meanwhile B. Next C. For example D. Finally

C. For example

The _____ stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by the development of abstract systems of thought that allow learners to solve complex problems with multiple factors. A. Preoperational B. Concrete Operational C. Formal Operational D. Sensorimotor E. Operational

C. Formal Operational

A morpheme that can stand alone is known as what type of morpheme? A. Bound B. Linguistic C. Free D. Phoneme

C. Free

A part of speech is a group of words categorized by their... A. Dialectical differences B. Phonetic characteristics C. Function in a sentence D. Language of origin

C. Function in a sentence

Why are games with rules helpful to children? A. Games with rules are more interesting to children than basic play. B. Games with rules are fun for children of all ages. C. Games with rules help children learn how to follow life's rules. D. Games with rules help children develop motor skills better than any other play.

C. Games with rules help children learn how to follow life's rules.

Which of the following natural resources did NOT exist in abundance in Pennsylvania? A. Iron B. Coal C. Gold D. Oil

C. Gold

Which of the following school support staff might need to be included in an assessment partnership team for a student who has such extreme testing anxiety that they become despondent and even suicidal? A. After-school tutor B. School nurse C. Guidance counselor D. Disciplinary administrator

C. Guidance counselor

You want students to create a piece of art that reflects a nature scene. How could you differentiate the assignment for a student who does not enjoy creating visual art but is a strong writer? A. Allow the student to work with a partner to share the workload of the visual art assignment. B. Create the art for the student, but have him or her describe it using descriptive language. C. Have the student write a poem or descriptive writing piece describing a nature scene. D. Ask the student to at least attempt to create a piece of visual art.

C. Have the student write a poem or descriptive writing piece describing a nature scene.

Which of the following answers has correct punctuation? A. His goals were simple: find the girl, get the bad guys; take off with the cash. B. His goals were simple; find the girl, get the bad guys, take off with the cash. C. His goals were simple: find the girl, get the bad guys, take off with the cash. D. His goals were simple; find the girl, get the bad guys; take off with the cash.

C. His goals were simple: find the girl, get the bad guys, take off with the cash.

A formal, teacher-made assessment should be used to answer which of the following questions? A. Does John need extra help on completing his assignments in history? B. Is John proficient on state history standards? C. How well does John know this week's key history concepts? D. Is John paying attention in history class?

C. How well does John know this week's key history concepts?

Which of the following best describes the difference between hyporeactive and hyperreactive? A. Hyporeactive is psychological, while hyperreactive is physical. B. Hyporeactive is physical, while hyperreactive is psychological. C. Hyporeactive is an underreaction, while hyperreactive is an overreaction. D. Hyporeactive is an overreaction, while hyperreactive is an underreaction.

C. Hyporeactive is an underreaction, while hyperreactive is an overreaction.

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. I survived the shipwreck being an excellent swimmer. B. I survived shipwreck I am an excellent swimmer. C. I survived the shipwreck; incidentally, I am an excellent swimmer. D. I survived the shipwreck, I am an excellent swimmer.

C. I survived the shipwreck; incidentally, I am an excellent swimmer.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dysgraphia? A. Inconsistency in neatness B. Difficulty organizing thoughts C. Impairment in reading D. Difficulty with writing letters

C. Impairment in reading

This type of learner would blurt out answers first without thinking critically about the answer in an effort to be first to answer a question. A. Reflective B. Kinetic C. Impulsive D. Visual

C. Impulsive

Which of the following is the most consistent with CRT philosophy? A. Teaching about the Civil Rights Movement without helping students draw connections to current events. B. Putting the responsibility for CRT on the students of color in class. C. Incorporating ideas and materials representing different cultures throughout everyday instruction. D. Saving the unit regarding the contributions of scientists of color for Black History Month.

C. Incorporating ideas and materials representing different cultures throughout everyday instruction.

Which of the following is a benefit of CRT? A. Increased IQ in students B. Decreased behavioral problems C. Increased motivation D. Decreased absenteeism

C. Increased motivation

Students' prior knowledge is: A. The history of the subject they're being taught B. Subconscious memory C. Information they already know and come to class with D. Information they're taught in the classroom

C. Information they already know and come to class with

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for teachers to help foster relationships with parents and families of ELL students? A. Have interpreters on hand during extracurricular school events. B. Translate correspondence sent home to parents and families into their native language. C. Invite parents and families to parent-teacher conferences that are conducted entirely in English. D. Encourage students to interview parents for homework assignments and to share this information during class.

C. Invite parents and families to parent-teacher conferences that are conducted entirely in English.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of diagnostic assessment? A. It shows the teacher which students need remediation or enrichment. B. It guides a teacher's lesson planning. C. It allows a teacher to refer a student for special education services. D. It provides a baseline to determine what a student learns through instruction.

C. It allows a teacher to refer a student for special education services.

Why should educators teach science skills to younger students? A. It's required by law and most state standards B. Younger students should NOT be taught science concepts, as that is advanced teaching they are not ready for. C. It can help them form a foundation of knowledge that's useful in higher classes. D. Our society needs more scientists, starting them early may encourage them to choose a career in science

C. It can help them form a foundation of knowledge that's useful in higher classes.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CRT? A. It enhances competence. B. It encourages personal development and choice. C. It encourages all students to solve problems in a uniform way. D. It develops learning values.

C. It encourages all students to solve problems in a uniform way.

How does a quality preschool education impact children? A. It ensures that all students will achieve A's and B's as they work their way through school. B. It ensures that children are ready for school and will never slip behind. C. It ensures that children are ready for school, can achieve, and will be better candidates for the work place. D. It ensures that all children will become successful in college and the work force.

C. It ensures that children are ready for school, can achieve, and will be better candidates for the work place.

Why is it important to use Pennsylvania's Pre-Kindergarten Standards when you teach? A. It only helps the teacher know what to teach when planning lessons. B. It only helps parents make sure that their child is learning something in preschool. C. It helps educators make sure all preschoolers learn what they need to in order to succeed. D. It helps students figure out what they need to know in order to succeed.

C. It helps educators make sure all preschoolers learn what they need to in order to succeed.

Which of the following statements about pre-linguistic speech is FALSE? A. It involves experimenting in order to learn how to make different sounds B. It is a form of expressive language development C. It involves hand signals D. It involves babbling

C. It involves hand signals

Which word most accurately describes la langue? A. None of these words describes la langue. B. Long C. Language D. Speech

C. Language

What is oral language? A. Language that you write B. Language that you read C. Language that you speak or listen to D. Language that you use to give directions

C. Language that you speak or listen to

What is the study of government? A. Learning who your state representatives are B. Memorizing the presidents' names C. Learning the structure, responsibilities, roles, and levels of governing bodies in our country D. Reading the Declaration of Independence

C. Learning the structure, responsibilities, roles, and levels of governing bodies in our country

What is an example of a rule you should NOT lay out during independent reading time? A. Keep your eyes on your own book B. Make sure you're actually reading, making progress C. Let the teacher know out loud what you think of the work you're reading D. Read during the entire duration of the IRT

C. Let the teacher know out loud what you think of the work you're reading

Which of the following is an example of a differentiated assessment in science? A. Having all students work together as a class to make one large poster of a cell B. Having both students make a poster of a cell, but letting them use different mediums C. Letting one student make a poster of a cell and another write an analogy of cell parts for an assessment D. Having each student make their own picture of a cell in class with teacher assistance

C. Letting one student make a poster of a cell and another write an analogy of cell parts for an assessment

Which of the following is an example of a biology investigation kids could do? A. Extracting enzymes from animal cells B. Seeing what materials float and sink C. Looking at a leaf under a microscope D. Making their own slime

C. Looking at a leaf under a microscope

What is one way to introduce the understanding of civics in the classroom? A. Encourage students to disagree with each other to learn about conflict B. Punish students when they break the rules C. Make them understand why rules are important D. Ask students to be cordial to each other

C. Make them understand why rules are important

All of the following are complex sentences EXCEPT: A. Jasper fell down the stairs because he was walking and texting. B. They always order pizza whenever they eat at that restaurant. C. Many shopping malls have closed across the Midwest. D. You will pass the test if you study hard.

C. Many shopping malls have closed across the Midwest.

Which of the following is true about teaching math in early childhood? A. Math for young children is unimportant compared to literacy. B. Math for young children is mostly about geometry. C. Math for young children includes a wide variety of topics. D. Math should be limited to early numeracy with young children.

C. Math for young children includes a wide variety of topics.

Suppose that you wanted to expand on an idea in your writing to further clarify the meaning for your readers. Which of following transition words or phrases would you NOT want to use? A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. Meanwhile D. Similarly

C. Meanwhile

There are many important features of a text and skills that need to be taught to students. Which answer listed is the least important in reading comprehension? A. Notating and/or analyzing the title. B. Looking for visuals. C. Memorizing important vocabulary. D. Looking up the definition for important or unknown vocabulary.

C. Memorizing important vocabulary.

What is metacognition? A. Metacognition refers to organizing your language appropriately. B. Metacognition refers to having a voice that projects properly. C. Metacognition refers to understanding your own cognitive processes. D. Metacognition refers to planning a performance.

C. Metacognition refers to understanding your own cognitive processes.

Which hands-on activity would be appropriate for teaching students how to cough without spreading germs? A. Show a video to students on how to cough into their elbows. B. Have students wash their hands. C. Model how to cough into your elbow; then, have students try. D. Show students a video of what a germ looks like.

C. Model how to cough into your elbow; then, have students try.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements of culturally relevant teaching? A. Academic success B. Critical consciousness C. Modified standards D. Cultural competence

C. Modified standards

Which area of English Language Arts is the most important to assess for? A. Reading B. Writing C. No one is more important than the rest! D. Speaking and listening

C. No one is more important than the rest!

Teachers should let students talk about vocabulary: A. For homework where they have access to a dictionary B. Only in whole group situations to make sure they use the words correctly C. Often and in differing situations to build fluency D. At the end of the day after the words have been used a lot

C. Often and in differing situations to build fluency

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for strength training? A. Wait 48 hours between sessions. B. Complete 8-12 repetitions of each exercise. C. Only stretch before workouts, not after. D. Train 2-3 days/week. E. Complete 2-4 sets of each exercise.

C. Only stretch before workouts, not after.

Every time young Haley says the word 'teddy,' she is given her favorite stuffed bear, which reinforces her understanding and continued use of the word for getting the toy. According to behaviorist theory, this is an example of: A. Repetitive-style language learning B. Conditioned stimulus C. Operant conditioning D. Information processing

C. Operant conditioning

What is oral language? A. Oral language is language that we hear. B. Oral language is language that we read. C. Oral language is language that we speak. D. Oral language is language that we write.

C. Oral language is language that we speak.

Which aspects of spoken language are best addressed via performance and presentation? A. Pragmatic skills are best addressed via performance and presentation. B. Expressive skills are best addressed via performance and presentation. C. Organizational skills are best addressed via performance and presentation. D. Metacognition is best addressed via performance and presentation.

C. Organizational skills are best addressed via performance and presentation.

Which activity would allow you to assess the speaking and listening skills of each student in your class? A. Asking a student to make a statement as to the reading B. Analyze a speech and then create a new speech using the same techniques C. Organize a class debate D. A textbook scavenger hunt

C. Organize a class debate

Elementary students enjoy doing _____, or repeating numbers or letters, so teachers should give them algebraic ones on occasion. A. Pieces B. Styles C. Patterns D. Motions

C. Patterns

This is a process where scientific experts not connected to the study and experiment in question check it for scientific accuracy, proper methodology, and relevancy. A. Scientific research B. Scientific method C. Peer review D. A hypothesis E. A theory

C. Peer review

The impact of geography upon culture corresponds best to which theme? A. Individuals, groups, and institutions B. Power, authority, and governance C. People, places, and environment D. Time, continuity, and change E. Production, Distribution, and Consumption

C. People, places, and environment

The smallest unit of language is called a: A. Phonological B. Phonics C. Phoneme D. Phonemic

C. Phoneme

The link between written and spoken language is called: A. Phonemic B. Phoneme C. Phonics D. Phonological

C. Phonics

Which of the following is NOT important for developing letter knowledge: A. Looking at alphabet displays B. Learning the letters in your name C. Playing with blocks D. Singing the ABC song

C. Playing with blocks

Which students and families are often at the greatest risk for not being able to advocate for themselves? A. Students and families with a vast knowledge of the educational bureaucracy B. Wealthy students and families C. Poor and marginalized students and families D. Students and families that stay in constant contact with education professionals

C. Poor and marginalized students and families

How can establishing routines help students with developmental delays? A. Predictability and structure give students a sense of control that allows them to learn faster B. Constant changes give students a sense of stability that provides them with confidence that he or she can follow the same routines as peers C. Predictability and structure give students a sense of stability that boosts their confidence in being able to follow routines D. Constant changes give students a sense of stability that allows them to learn faster

C. Predictability and structure give students a sense of stability that boosts their confidence in being able to follow routines

The exchange of goods and services and other basic economic realities corresponds best to which theme? A. Culture B. Science, technology, and science C. Production, distribution, and consumption D. Power, authority, and governance E. Global connections

C. Production, distribution, and consumption

Which of the following is a way that differentiated instruction can be used in lab analysis? A. Providing graphs for one student in a lab group, and then letting the rest use that as a template B. Completing the graphs together as a whole class on the overhead projector C. Providing a graph for one student, while others choose the type of graph that they think makes the most sense D. Providing graphs for all students, but letting them each choose if it should be a line or bar

C. Providing a graph for one student, while others choose the type of graph that they think makes the most sense

The government of colonial Pennsylvania was initially dominated by what religious group? A. Presbyterians B. Catholics C. Quakers D. Puritans

C. Quakers

A graphic organizer helps students: A. Retain information, organize thoughts, and avoid reading lengthy text. B. Retain information, express what they learned in lengthy prose, and organize thoughts and ideas. C. Retain information, organize ideas, and represent complex ideas in a visual manner. D. Retain information, organize ideas, and represent complex ideas in lengthy prose.

C. Retain information, organize ideas, and represent complex ideas in a visual manner.

The systematic investigation of scientific theories and hypotheses is known as: A. Hypothesis B. Statistical significance C. Scientific Research D. None of these answers are correct E. Peer review

C. Scientific Research

Which of the following is NOT true about science? A. Scientists often rely on their experience. B. Science journals usually require peer review. C. Scientists never compete with one another. D. Scientists often use creativity.

C. Scientists never compete with one another.

Which of the following is an example of a physics investigation kids could do? A. Mixing baking soda and vinegar and blowing up a balloon in a bottle B. Testing the acidity of different liquids C. Seeing how magnets affect a compass D. Catching butterflys and drawing them in a notebook

C. Seeing how magnets affect a compass

Which of these student activities is NOT generally required in an authentic assessment? A. Research supporting information B. Creatively apply existing knowledge C. Select the correct answer from a list D. Produce some sort of result

C. Select the correct answer from a list

Which of the following strategies can boost students' self-esteem and help them to appreciate others? A. Classroom Decorations B. Classroom Meetings C. Sharing Work D. Introductory Letter

C. Sharing Work

Fine motor skills, as opposed to gross motor skills, have to do with: A. Medium muscles, such as muscles in the shoulders B. Large muscles, such as muscles in the legs C. Small muscles, such as muscles in the hands, wrist, and fingers D. The skills of a motorized robot

C. Small muscles, such as muscles in the hands, wrist, and fingers

If your joints can't move through their normal range of motion, what should you do? A. Go on a diet B. Jog C. Stretch D. Weight lift E. Sleep more

C. Stretch

Why is it important to use different strategies when teaching ELL math? A. Tests have different types of questions and students must be prepared. B. Different strategies keep the class interesting. C. Students are at various levels of language proficiency and there are a variety of math vocabulary terms and academic concepts. D. An educator does not know if something works, so different strategies might help student learning.

C. Students are at various levels of language proficiency and there are a variety of math vocabulary terms and academic concepts.

After observing her lesson, Ms. Jones' principal encouraged her to use some within-class ability grouping. What might the principal expect to witness in future observations? A. Students are placed into small groups within multiple classrooms based upon their performance level. B. Students are placed into large groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level. C. Students are placed into small groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level. D. Teachers are placed into large groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level.

C. Students are placed into small groups within a single classroom based upon their performance level.

Which of the following is a benefit of fostering a classroom community? A. Students score better on math and reading achievement tests. B. Fewer students are diagnosed with learning disabilities. C. Students feel a sense of belonging. D. More parents get involved in the school.

C. Students feel a sense of belonging.

Which of the following is NOT a suggested way to make sure your sentences are clear and easy to understand? A. Making sure all of the words in the sentence serve a purpose. B. Checking to see whether you are using the passive voice. C. Taking time to brainstorm creative ideas. D. Checking for common editing errors.

C. Taking time to brainstorm creative ideas.

Why should teachers focus on speaking skills with students? A. Teachers who focus on speaking skills with students are better liked by families. B. There is no point in focusing on speaking skills with students. C. Teachers who focus on speaking skills with students are helping their students express themselves. D. Teachers who focus on speaking skills with students often have higher rates of job satisfaction.

C. Teachers who focus on speaking skills with students are helping their students express themselves.

Two-year-old Caroline wakes up from her nap and repeatedly says, 'go park', which her mother interprets as a desire to play at the park. This an example of which type of speech? A. Motherese B. Syncretic C. Telegraphic D. Holophrase

C. Telegraphic

Ravi is taking part in adaptive testing. Which of the following will he most likely encounter? A. A large number of items toward the end of the test that test the same things as earlier items. B. A lengthened test time in response to a learning disability that Ravi has. C. Test items at later points in the test that seem to take into account how well he did on earlier items. D. A disclaimer statement explaining that the test is not appropriate for students with learning disabilities.

C. Test items at later points in the test that seem to take into account how well he did on earlier items.

Which is true about reading comprehension? A. Academic language is easily learned by all students. B. Where a student reads has no impact on comprehension. C. Text structures are not always familiar to students and need to be taught. D. Most readers use strategies before, during, and after reading.

C. Text structures are not always familiar to students and need to be taught.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an introductory word? A. However B. Since C. That D. Although

C. That

What is imitation? A. Both are correct B. Carrying out something new C. The ability to repeat something seen or heard D. Neither is correct

C. The ability to repeat something seen or heard

Consider the below painting by Claude Monet. Which of the following descriptions MOST appropriately describes the elements of this painting? A. The lines are thick, undermining the concept of space while colors range the spectrum, implying a smooth texture B. The artist uses implied lines to define shapes that are not otherwise present and reduces all colors to the primaries C. The artist makes use of blurred lines, using color to define shape and value to define space D. The lines are clear and bold, but shapes are unclear and there is no sense of 3-dimensional space

C. The artist makes use of blurred lines, using color to define shape and value to define space

Who works together on a daily basis with the student to ensure that goals are being reached? A. The general education teacher and the school counselor B. The student's parents and the school superintendent C. The general education and the special education teacher D. The general education teacher and the school principal

C. The general education and the special education teacher

What are phonemes? A. The individual lines found in an alphabet letter B. The individual letters found in a name C. The individual sounds of the letters in a word D. The individual words in a sentence

C. The individual sounds of the letters in a word

Which statement is TRUE of the seven levels of articulation therapy? A. Not all of the levels need to be followed B. The levels sometimes need to be followed in order C. The levels must be followed in order D. The levels never need to be followed in order

C. The levels must be followed in order

Which member of the IEP team is primarily responsible for making sure that laws are being followed? A. The student B. The general education teacher C. The program director or head of the special education department D. The principal

C. The program director or head of the special education department

Which of the following would NOT be a member of an IEP team? A. General educators B. Parents and guardians C. The secretary of education D. Special educators

C. The secretary of education

What is a morpheme? A. A given syllable B. A given word C. The smallest unit of grammar that has meaning D. A prefix or suffix

C. The smallest unit of grammar that has meaning

Whose standards do you need to make sure that your students know? A. The US government's B. The principal's C. The state's D. The school's

C. The state's

Which of the following school-community partnerships can help students learn soft skills like communication and self confidence? A. Museum studies B. Library test prep C. Theater program D. Library reading program

C. Theater program

What should you always attempt to relate the concepts of government and economics to in order to help your students understand them? A. A textbook B. State standards C. Their lives and experiences D. The curriculum

C. Their lives and experiences

Which of the following statements is a critique of the nativist theory of language development? A. Language development is triggered by exposure to language. B. Language development is an innate ability that children are born with. C. There are very few rules universal to all languages. D. All language follows universal rules of grammar.

C. There are very few rules universal to all languages.

Why is it important to include culturally relevant texts in the ELL classroom? A. ELL students will not be able to comprehend books written outside of their native culture. B. These texts are generally easier to read than other types of texts. C. These texts are typically available in bilingual versions so students can read them in alternate languages. D. Students enjoy reading about characters and settings they can relate to.

C. These texts are typically available in bilingual versions so students can read them in alternate languages.

Which of the following is NOT true about graphic organizers? A. They can be used for a variety of subjects. B. They offer flexibility. C. They are always subject specific. D. They can be enhanced through technology.

C. They are always subject specific.

Which of the following is true regarding educational services? A. They cannot be customized to meet the emotional needs of the student. B. They can be tailored to meet the athletic needs of the student. C. They can be customized to meet the social needs of the student. D. They cannot be tailored to meet the kinesthetic needs of the student.

C. They can be customized to meet the social needs of the student.

How might young students use a word wall for spelling? A. They can look at the word wall for help when taking spelling tests. B. Word walls are actually only suited for older children. C. They can reference the word wall when writing independently. D. The word wall will teach them new spelling patterns.

C. They can reference the word wall when writing independently.

Which of the following is true regarding topic sentences? A. They function in exactly the same way as thesis statements. B. They appear at the end of a body paragraph and summarize what points are being made. C. They express the main idea of a body paragraph and can come from the major ideas in the outline. D. They are often written after all body paragraphs have been developed to help link ideas together.

C. They express the main idea of a body paragraph and can come from the major ideas in the outline.

What is one LIKELY cause for girls' declining motivation for science and math during middle childhood? A. They lose interest because they do not see these fields as being highly paid B. They lose interest because they find these subjects are too difficult C. They lose interest due to peer pressure D. They lose interest because they find these subjects are boring

C. They lose interest due to peer pressure

Which of the following sentences is written correctly? A. Finding a way to move on. B. This dog has no problem at all you just don't see it. C. This dog looks funny, but that's just my opinion, isn't it? D. Determining his best way to move forward.

C. This dog looks funny, but that's just my opinion, isn't it?

What strategy might you implement if your primary interest is ensuring that students try spelling independently? A. Guided reading B. Word wall C. Three tries D. Word sorts

C. Three tries

How do children learn syntax? A. Syntax is learned when children enter school and start receiving grammar lectures. B. Syntax is always learned after children are three years old, through various grammar exercises that parents should do at home. C. Through a process that consists of a series of developmental stages, starting with understanding language and speech. D. Through a process that consists of two stages: pre-writing and writing development.

C. Through a process that consists of a series of developmental stages, starting with understanding language and speech.

Why would you place a question mark(s) within a sentence? A. To indicate a rhetorical question B. If you want to get creative with grammar C. To emphasize and stress extreme uncertainty in a sentence D. Because that is how you would ask a direct question E. You would never place a question mark anywhere but at the end of a sentence.

C. To emphasize and stress extreme uncertainty in a sentence

Which of the following best describes embedded vocabulary assessment? A. Word selection comes from a specific chapter or unit. B. Isolated vocabulary terms are tested. C. Vocabulary usage is tracked during a learning experience. D. Word meanings are established within the context of a sentence.

C. Vocabulary usage is tracked during a learning experience.

Which of these is NOT an example of teaching civics to young learners in a way that minimizes the chances their parents will be upset? A. Look for free information regarding community events provided at your local city visitor center or City Hall. B. Visit a local government agency with your students. C. Watching a presidential debate with your students you found on the Internet while on a lunch break. D. Visit a local library or museum with your students.

C. Watching a presidential debate with your students you found on the Internet while on a lunch break.

When are graphic organizers useful in teaching ELLs? A. When filled out after a unit B. Only when combined with realia (real-world object) C. When filled out before a unit D. When used in math content areas

C. When filled out before a unit

What makes a test biased? A. When all test takers score below or above average B. When one group's test scores are higher than the rest of the test takers' C. When one group's scores are predictably different compared to the results from the other test takers D. When the test takers are allowed to use books and notes to complete the test

C. When one group's scores are predictably different compared to the results from the other test takers

A speaker can use open-ended questions to obtain information about his or her audience. Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question? A. Where were you born? B. How long have you lived in Chicago? C. Why should I hire you? D. When did you arrive today?

C. Why should I hire you?

Fine motor development allows us to perform which one of the following activities? A. Crawl B. Walk C. Write D. Run

C. Write

A general definition for giftedness is _____. A. a child who is gifted was not born with that ability B. a child who is gifted is never born with that ability C. a child who is gifted was born with that ability D. a child who is gifted is sometimes born with that ability

C. a child who is gifted was born with that ability

Which of these is NOT an example of a general, non-personal method of communication? A. email newsletter B. photocopied letter C. a phone call home D. website or blog

C. a phone call home

When deciding on your professional development goals as an educator, it is important to remember that defining your goals is _____. Choose the best answer. A. difficult B. a brainstorming activity C. a process D. something you must do within 30 minutes

C. a process

What is an early literacy assessment? A. a placement test given to young children to make sure they're put in the right reading groups B. a baseline IQ test given to young children to determine their level of ability so teachers don't push too hard C. a screening given to young children to determine their skill level in literacy D. a test to determine whether or not children are ready for kindergarten

C. a screening given to young children to determine their skill level in literacy

General education teachers can find help with arts activities through _____ that are available online or in books. A. library resources B. acting professionals C. activity guidelines D. reference books

C. activity guidelines

Which of the following is the best description of tier two vocabulary words? A. content-specific words that are taught to help students understand new information B. basic words that do not need instruction C. advanced words that are commonly used across content areas D. words that are selected for students who need intervention to catch up to grade-level expectations

C. advanced words that are commonly used across content areas

Developmental milestones are events that assess whether a child is _____ in their development. A. less able to understand hands-on activities B. neglected C. advanced, normal, or delayed D. affected by environmental factors

C. advanced, normal, or delayed

Which of the following should NOT be done during a brainstorming session? A. ideas are written on the board B. similar ideas are connected and explained C. all ideas are welcomed D. discussion is closely guided

C. all ideas are welcomed

Arts integration supports: A. information retention B. content personalization C. all of the answers are correct D. the activation of multiple senses

C. all of the answers are correct

Which of the following is the first step in inquiry-based learning? A. reading a book B. exploring materials C. asking a question D. developing a theory

C. asking a question

Which of the following assessment forms are likely to be the most complex? A. multiple choice B. fill in the blank C. authentic assessment D. matching

C. authentic assessment

Laura had an IQ of 100, which is considered _____. A. gifted B. above average C. average D. below average

C. average

Students each have a unique set of _____ that impact their reading comprehension. A. skills B. knowledge C. characteristics D. personality traits

C. characteristics

Which of the following describes a vocabulary assessment that contains words from all the words that have been taught throughout the year? A. embedded B. context-dependent C. comprehensive D. selective

C. comprehensive

One advantage of early exposure to the arts is increased _____ through learning difficult and new skills. A. anxiety B. creativity C. confidence D. solitude

C. confidence

A teaching method that focuses on students' cultural experiences is called _____. A. culturally responsive techniques B. culturally resourceful teaching C. culturally responsive teaching D. cultural and religious techniques

C. culturally responsive teaching

Diego wants to teach his students about the human body. Before he does, though, he asks his students to tell him everything they know about their bodies so that he can figure out what they already know. Diego's pre-instructional assessment is an example of a _____ assessment. A. formative B. screening C. diagnostic D. summative

C. diagnostic

Taylor has been diagnosed with a learning disability, this means that she _____. A. always gets assigned a tutor to stay ahead of the classwork B. will need an IEP in order to correctly identify his or her disability C. doesn't necessarily need an IEP if she is able to keep up with the classwork D. automatically needs an IEP

C. doesn't necessarily need an IEP if she is able to keep up with the classwork

Which one of the following is NOT an ELL math strategy for lowering the anxiety? A. implementing the 'there is no such thing as a dumb question' rule B. scaffolding the information C. exempting the assigment D. speaking slowly and repeating information as needed

C. exempting the assigment

A school requires its teachers to evaluate students four times during a semester in each course. The school is implementing the use of _____ assessments. A. specific aptitude B. school readiness C. formative D. scholastic aptitude

C. formative

A coherent body paragraph is one that _____. A. includes all of the ideas that have been brainstormed B. can also serve as concluding paragraph C. has clear, logical sentences that flow together well D. presents a well-developed thesis sentence

C. has clear, logical sentences that flow together well

What is an author's purpose? A. the structure of an essay B. purpose is the attitude of the writer C. his or her reason for writing D. who will be reading your essay

C. his or her reason for writing

In NAEYC's Code of Ethical Conduct, _____ are meant to guide the aspirations of educators, while _____ govern the conduct of educators. A. aspirations; rules B. principles; ideals C. ideals; principles D. aspirations; principles

C. ideals; principles

Peter is creating an outline for a paper on ecotourism and decides to use a formal outline format. You would expect Peter's outline to _____. A. be written in a method that best works for his topic and writing style B. be fully completed before he begins the prewriting stage, this will assist with brainstorming C. include major ideas about ecotourism, with subpoints beneath each and details associated with each of those subpoints below that D. include a thesis statement and topic sentences for 4 - 5 paragraphs on key aspects of ecotourism

C. include major ideas about ecotourism, with subpoints beneath each and details associated with each of those subpoints below that

A politician who excels at remembering names, fostering cooperation and inspiring those around him exhibits _____. A. intrapersonal intelligence B. logical intelligence C. interpersonal intelligence D. linguistic intelligence

C. interpersonal intelligence

It is BEST to use a simple sentence structure in your essay when _____. A. giving an explanation B. adding details to previous information C. introducing a new character D. indicating a variety of ideas

C. introducing a new character

At the _____ level, the student is evaluated on whether he/she can correctly vocalize an individual sound. A. phonetic B. sound C. isolation D. conversation

C. isolation

Which of the following BEST describes what science is? A. a list of consistent facts B. content that largely draws from personal opinion C. knowledge of the natural and physical world D. any process that is used to prove a given hypthosesis

C. knowledge of the natural and physical world

Dyslexia is a learning disability that impairs a person's _____ ability. A. memory recall B. mathematical C. language D. critical thinking

C. language

This type of learner is more logical in their approach to learning, and could be described as goal-oriented and realistic. A. right hemisphere B. kinetic C. left hemisphere D. visual

C. left hemisphere

The use of differing test administration and instruction potentially results in _____. A. content bias B. item bias C. method bias D. construct bias

C. method bias

What is the root in the word amorphous? A. amor B. mor C. morph D. ous E. a

C. morph

Which cannot be a word map? A. flow chart B. chart C. paraphrasing D. web E. table

C. paraphrasing

According to Freud, the phases of psychosexual development establish our _____. A. emotions B. temper C. personality D. cognition

C. personality

The tests or student presentations that show what students have learned are called _____. A. process B. procedure C. product D. content

C. product

Marcelo is an ELL student in tenth grade in Pennsylvania. He is always raising his hand to ask for help during assignments. The teacher should: A. give Marcelo a hand-out with a summary of the instructions B. encourage Marcelo to try the work without help C. provide Marcelo with individualized assistance D. answer Marcelo's questions by getting all students to listen

C. provide Marcelo with individualized assistance

In scaffolding, teachers _____. A. reflect on a series of statements B. are supplied with the answers by the teacher C. provide guidance and encourage students to find answers themselves D. complete a series of targeted assignments

C. provide guidance and encourage students to find answers themselves

Which of the following is a morpheme? A. f B. sh C. re D. ch

C. re

Which of the following may be a sign of a phonological disorder in a first-grade student? A. labialization B. prevocalic voicing C. stopping D. vowelization

C. stopping

When the lesson states that authentic assessments require creativity and ingenuity, it means that _____. A. authentic assessments do not require calculations B. only right-brain students will be effective in authentic assessment situations C. students may have to use unorthodox approaches to find answers D. authentic assessments cannot be used in science or math courses

C. students may have to use unorthodox approaches to find answers

Nancy is an ELL teacher in Pennsylvania. She notices her Colombian student, Paola, has difficulty with math vocabulary. Nancy should do the following in applying a standards-based instruction principle: A. tell Paola's math teacher to focus on vocabulary B. teach Paola some math vocabulary C. teach Paola the math vocabulary she needs and follow-up with the math teacher D. ask the principal to speak to Paola math teacher

C. teach Paola the math vocabulary she needs and follow-up with the math teacher

For the most part, socialization begins with _____. A. a classroom B. the teacher C. the family D. a peer group

C. the family

According to Gilbert Gottlieb, the development of an organism is dependent on _____. A. environmental forces alone B. neurological forces alone C. the interaction of biological and environmental forces D. the interaction between neural activity and the placenta

C. the interaction of biological and environmental forces

Divorce can be tough on young children because _____. A. they can't be in two places at once one parent spoils them, while the other is a disciplinarian B. they don't want their parents to date other people C. they lack an understanding of what it is D. they have to deal with the concept of a step-parent

C. they lack an understanding of what it is

By _____ grade, poor readers face a higher probability of experiencing academic failure and be less likely to catch up with their peers. A. first B. fifth C. third D. seventh

C. third

Which is a formative assessment used for? A. both developing instruction and giving grades B. to give a grade C. to develop instruction D. neither developing instruction or giving grades

C. to develop instruction

A child is determined to have cognitive delay if their intellectual performance is _____. A. two grade levels above their peers B. one grade level above their peers C. two grade levels below their peers D. one grade level below their peers

C. two grade levels below their peers

The syllable level is where individual sounds are paired with a vowel. This level eases the transition from the isolation level to the _____ level. A. phonological B. cognitive C. word D. metacognitive

C. word

Tools for collaboration in early childhood education include all of the following EXCEPT: A. valuing the expertise of others B. open communication C. written referrals D. shared planning

C. written referrals

Which of the following is an exclamation mark? A. ' B. ? C. ; D. !

D. !

All of the following sentences indicate correct usage of quotation marks EXCEPT: A. ''I would love to travel around the world,'' said Leo. B. Tamika replied, ''I hate traveling by plane.'' C. ''I think,'' responded Grace, ''that flying is a fun way to travel.'' D. ''When would you like to travel? asked Mike.''

D. ''When would you like to travel? asked Mike.''

By what age will most children have acquired the ability to speak their first word? A. 1 day old B. 6 months old C. 1 month old D. 1 year old

D. 1 year old

Leo is in the two-word period of linguistic development. He's able to say short phrases like 'play dog' and 'food mommy'. What likely age is Leo? A. 14-24 months B. 12-19 months C. 34-48 months D. 20-30 months

D. 20-30 months

By what age can most children be considered fully intelligible? A. 2-3 years B. 1 year C. 6 months D. 4-5 years

D. 4-5 years

Typically, which of the following is NOT an appropriate piece of equipment for a kid? A. Binoculars B. Magnets C. Butterfly nets D. A Bunsen burner

D. A Bunsen burner

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for providing differentiated instruction to students in social studies class? A. A multiple choice test B. Reading a book and writing a summary of the text C. Providing differentiation only for students with an individualized education plan (I.E.P.) D. A R.A.F.T. assignment

D. A R.A.F.T. assignment

Which of the following sets of scientific tools would be useful in an investigation testing the acidity of water? A. A beaker and a seive B. A beaker and a thermometer C. A thermometer and pH test strips D. A beaker and pH test strips

D. A beaker and pH test strips

Which is the most accurate definition of an IEP? A. A guide that instructs teachers on all possible effective classroom accommodations B. An alternative report card for students with ADHD that assesses their kinesthetic learning C. The document which provides a diagnosis of the neurobehavioral disorder ADHD D. A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve

D. A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve

What is the best definition for learning standards? A. A set of directions for selecting instructional materials to use in the classroom B. A list of topics that teachers could teach in their classrooms C. A list of every concept students should be taught at a certain age D. A set of written descriptions detailing concepts students should know at a certain age

D. A set of written descriptions detailing concepts students should know at a certain age

Which scenario would you most likely NOT need to advocate on the behalf of students or families? A. A student has started a fight and may be receiving harsher punishment than is typical from an administrator. B. A student that does not speak English is failing all of his classes. C. A student's family does not know how to navigate all of the paperwork required of them. D. A student is failing a class, so the family meets with the teacher and the student's counselor to find a solution to the problem.

D. A student is failing a class, so the family meets with the teacher and the student's counselor to find a solution to the problem.

Which of the following is an example of a formative assessment? A. A big test at the end of a unit B. A standardized test C. A report card D. A student self-reflection checklist that is completed during the learning process

D. A student self-reflection checklist that is completed during the learning process

Which of the following best defines an English language learner (ELL) in the school setting? A. A student whose primary language is English, but who struggles with grammar and spelling B. Any student who is enrolled in an English language course C. Only a student who was born in another country and whose native language is not English D. A student whose primary language is not English, or one raised in a household where English is limited or non-existent

D. A student whose primary language is not English, or one raised in a household where English is limited or non-existent

Which of these is an example of a money lesson differentiated by process? A. Some students in the class work on identifying coins and some students work on counting change. B. Some students in class complete a worksheet to demonstrate their learning and some students create a money poster to demonstrate their learning. C. Some students sort coins into containers and some students practice making change from one dollar. D. A teacher allows students to practice counting money by playing on the computer, working with dollar bills and coins, or playing a matching game with a partner.

D. A teacher allows students to practice counting money by playing on the computer, working with dollar bills and coins, or playing a matching game with a partner.

What is one of the concepts students could learn from keeping a journal and tracking species of animals and plants? A. Mating rituals B. Photosynthesis C. Genetic traits D. Adaptation

D. Adaptation

_____ are used to modify nouns or pronouns; while _____ provide details on verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. A. Adverbs; adjectives B. Prepositions; pronouns C. Pronouns; prepositions D. Adjectives; adverbs

D. Adjectives; adverbs

What is the third step in making sure that your assessments are given properly? A. Create the assessment B. None of these C. Create your objectives D. Administer the assessment

D. Administer the assessment

The overall attitude and disposition of a person is called? A. Avoidant behavior B. Attachment C. Neglect D. Affect

D. Affect

What game is good for teaching sight words? A. Bingo B. Flash cards C. Memory D. All answers are correct

D. All answers are correct

What is a benefit of social play? A. Children improve their social skills B. Children learn to be considerate of others C. Children learn to take turns. D. All answers are correct

D. All answers are correct

Which of the following activities might support emergent literacy? A. Playing games with Consonant-vowel-consonant words B. Letting children tell stories and act them out C. Encouraging students to engage in pretend play D. All answers are correct

D. All answers are correct

Why is it important to promote literacy in your classroom? A. It creates a more fun and relaxed environment in the classroom when students love to read B. Reading also is linked to performing much better in all school subjects C. Students who read often score better on standardized tests. D. All answers are correct.

D. All answers are correct.

Diagnostic assessment is a method of evaluation used prior to instruction to determine students': A. Prior knowledge B. Prior skills C. Strengths and weaknesses D. All of the answers are correct

D. All of the answers are correct

How can a teacher make students feel that they belong in the classroom? A. By playing music from diverse artists. B. By displaying posters and other visual aids that are representative of the diversity of all students. C. By displaying student-made flags of their native countries. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Which is a way to encourage the growth of number sense? A. Through Play B. Giving a child visuals, such as play money or a clock C. Repetition of the concepts D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about gross motor skills? A. The development of gross motor skills starts as soon as a child is born. B. As children age, their gross motor abilities continue to develop and improve. C. Boys usually develop some gross motor skills much sooner than girls. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Why is it especially important for students to learn good listening skills? A. They will be more engaged and motivated if they listen better. B. They will form better peer relationships if they listen better. C. They will be better learners if they listen better. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Professional development for educators is important because it allows them to do what? A. Network with other professionals. B. Share what they have learned with others. C. Try new things in the classroom D. All of the answers are true.

D. All of the answers are true.

You have been asked to create a presentation explaining the disadvantages of standardized testing. Which of the following will you include? A. Educators may alter their curriculum in order to 'teach-to-the-test.' B. Standardized test items do not assess higher level thinking skills. C. Standardized test items assess general knowledge, not specific knowledge gained through specific instruction. D. All of the choices are disadvantages of standardized testing.

D. All of the choices are disadvantages of standardized testing.

All of the following conditions can cause impairments in gross motor skill development, except which one? A. Pervasive developmental disorders B. Certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome C. Dyspraxia D. All of the options are known causes of gross motor skills delays

D. All of the options are known causes of gross motor skills delays

Which of the following is an example of differentiated instruction? A. Giving students complete control over what they learn about B. Changing the standards for each individual student so that all students are learning about different topics at different rates C. Giving students a 'free pass' to skip certain assessments D. Allowing some students to work on a project with a partner and others by themselves depending on their needs and preferences

D. Allowing some students to work on a project with a partner and others by themselves depending on their needs and preferences

Which of the following is an example of a compound-complex sentence? A. Percy's car broke down because the previous owner was not honest about the vehicle's true condition. B. Nathan and Gigi went to Las Vegas last week in order to get a quick divorce. C. Nelly slipped and fell on the ice, but Raja managed to regain his footing. D. Although Lenora prefers romantic films, she rented Star Wars, and she enjoyed it very much.

D. Although Lenora prefers romantic films, she rented Star Wars, and she enjoyed it very much.

What is a webinar? A. A workshop on teaching students about spiders B. A very expensive conference for teachers C. A class on using the web in the classroom D. An online format of a workshop or lecture

D. An online format of a workshop or lecture

Jennifer is an administrative assistant in a Dean's office that receives a lot of foot traffic, and she is constantly being interrupted. She is trying to watch a training session via a recorded webinar when a professor comes charging into the office, flailing his hands, obviously having some kind of emergency. Jennifer has to choose who to pay attention to. What step in the listening process is this known as? A. Remembering B. Understanding C. Hearing D. Attending

D. Attending

Why is it generally better to avoid the passive voice? A. Because it is far too engaging. B. Because it's the simplest form possible. C. Because it makes the subject always be the one performing the action. D. Because it emphasizes the wrong parts of the sentence.

D. Because it emphasizes the wrong parts of the sentence.

What are two sources teachers can use to locate assessments for determining the knowledge, skills and mastery of content and curriculum for young social studies students? A. Local libraries and museums B. National Council for the Social Studies and the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) C. Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and Beyond the Bubble D. Beyond the Bubble and the National Council for the Social Studies

D. Beyond the Bubble and the National Council for the Social Studies

What are the commonalities among Pre-K Counts and Head Start? A. Both programs state that the child's family must fall 300 percent below the poverty line for eligibility. B. Both programs have a common goal to suspend or expel a child with behavioral issues. C. Both programs state that instructional activities should be planned for a full day of 5 hours. D. Both programs have a common goal to help preschoolers from low income families prepare for school.

D. Both programs have a common goal to help preschoolers from low income families prepare for school.

How does CRT establish inclusion? A. By ensuring that the curriculum is drawn from a variety of cultural sources. B. By ensuring that a classroom has students from a vast cross section of cultures. C. By ensuring that when a question is asked, every student has an opportunity to answer it. D. By creating an environment where both students and teachers feel respected.

D. By creating an environment where both students and teachers feel respected.

How should a teacher instruct students with their thought process while reading? A. By watching books that were created into movies. B. By reading the material as quickly and as many times as possible. C. By showing and watching movies. D. By showing and modeling examples of what to do while reading.

D. By showing and modeling examples of what to do while reading.

With regard to religious diversity in the classroom, which of the following is something that a teacher CANNOT do? A. Model respect for different religious beliefs. B. Embrace the diversity of religions in the classroom. C. Model tolerance for different religious beliefs. D. Change policies regarding separation of church and state. E. Discuss different religious traditions.

D. Change policies regarding separation of church and state.

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways schools contribute to a child's socio-emotional development? A. Children learn how to socialize with their peers B. Children learn how to be more independent of their parents C. Children have opportunities to learn from other children that are more advanced than they are D. Children learn important mathematical and scientific concepts

D. Children learn important mathematical and scientific concepts

All of the following statements are true about language development in children EXCEPT: A. Lower socio-economic status is generally associated with a smaller vocabulary B. Diverse social experiences promote language development C. Girls tend to develop language quicker than boys D. Children who are emotionally reactive develop language quickly

D. Children who are emotionally reactive develop language quickly

Which of the following statements about classroom maintenance is TRUE? A. Classroom maintenance is not necessary if you have properly established a safe and supportive learning environment. B. Classroom maintenance involves establishing rules as a class. C. Classroom maintenance should allow room for negative behaviors to develop. D. Classroom maintenance is an ongoing responsibility if you want to maintain a safe and supportive learning environment.

D. Classroom maintenance is an ongoing responsibility if you want to maintain a safe and supportive learning environment.

The process of growth in the area of thinking is called: A. Centration B. Conservation C. Decentration D. Cognitive development

D. Cognitive development

_____ is one of the most creative areas of learning in the standards? A. Social Studies B. Humanities C. English Language D. Communicating through the Arts

D. Communicating through the Arts

What other pillar of literacy does fluency especially help with? A. Decoding B. Reading nonfiction C. Writing D. Comprehension

D. Comprehension

Sanjay stopped taking the test when he came upon several questions with words that had different meanings and contexts to him. This is an example of: A. Intelligence bias B. Method bias C. Item bias D. Construct bias

D. Construct bias

What are the three ways teachers can differentiate their instruction? A. Content, Style, Outcome B. Length, Style, Materials C. Outcome, Length, Process D. Content, Product, Process

D. Content, Product, Process

All of the following are examples of professional practices for PA's educators EXCEPT? A. Respect everyone without discrimination B. Plan developmentally appropriate lessons C. Provide consistent and equitable treatment of students D. Convince a colleague to write his/her lesson like you do

D. Convince a colleague to write his/her lesson like you do

A student who is hyposensitive to proprioception will: A. Use noise cancelling headphones. B. Prefer a low light classroom environment. C. Appreciate the teacher speaking to them quietly. D. Crave excessive amounts of vigorous sensory input.

D. Crave excessive amounts of vigorous sensory input.

Which natural tendency of young children is conducive to their learning about data? A. Aggression B. Messiness C. Sleepiness D. Curiosity

D. Curiosity

How can an ecological assessment be used to complement an Individualized Education Program? A. Ecological assessments cannot contribute information to an Individualized Education Program. B. Data is collected about how a child interacts with his or her classmates, then it may be used to create new activities for the classroom. C. Data is collected about what a child knows about a certain subject, then it may be used to determine why a child may act or perform well in a subject but have difficulty in others. D. Data is collected about how a child functions in different settings, then it may be used to determine why a child may act or perform well in a setting but have difficulty in others.

D. Data is collected about how a child functions in different settings, then it may be used to determine why a child may act or perform well in a setting but have difficulty in others.

According to Robert Marzano, the first step in introducing a new academic vocabulary word is: A. Play a guessing game B. Draw a picture and have kids guess C. Make connections to other similar words D. Define the word and give examples

D. Define the word and give examples

Some of your students may need a quiet space in order to work effectively. What is one way to differentiate for these students? A. Ask these students to stay after school so they can complete their work in a quiet environment. B. Allow them to work in a quiet space as long as they spend at least half of the class period collaborating with peers. C. Require all students to work in silence to accommodate for these students. D. Designate a 'quiet space' in your classroom for students to work independently.

D. Designate a 'quiet space' in your classroom for students to work independently.

Articulation deficits include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Substitutions B. Distortions C. Omissions D. Eliminations

D. Eliminations

Ricardo is adding quoted language from a source to his research paper. He wants to omit part of the sentence he is adding. Which of the following should Ricardo put in place of the omitted words in the quote? A. A hyphen B. Brackets C. Quotation marks D. Ellipses

D. Ellipses

A scientist is running a test of her hypothesis. Which step of the scientific method is she executing? A. Analysis B. Conclusion C. Observation D. Experiment

D. Experiment

How are expressive language and receptive language different? A. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate through writing, while receptive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech. B. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while receptive language refers to the ability to communicate through writing. C. Receptive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while expressive language refers to the ability to comprehend spoken language. D. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while receptive language refers to the ability to comprehend spoken language.

D. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while receptive language refers to the ability to comprehend spoken language.

________ allow students to organize information ____, linearly, or in a cyclical fashion. A. Fun charts; inquisitively B. Fast charts; alphabetically C. Fact charts; logically D. Flow charts; chronologically

D. Flow charts; chronologically

Which of the following is NOT an instance where we would typically want to use an exclamation point? A. 'No, way!' She exclaimed. B. Joe's costume order didn't make it in by Halloween! C. Ouch! D. George Washington was born in 1732!

D. George Washington was born in 1732!

What major battle of the Civil War took place in Pennsylvania? A. Antietam B. Vicksburg C. Bull Run D. Gettysburg

D. Gettysburg

When the teacher chunks reading text, he or she: A. Has students read large sections of a story or passage then check for comprehension B. Cut out sentences from a reading text and have students put them in sequential order C. Asks students to sequence events from a story D. Has students read small sections of a story or passage, then check for comprehension

D. Has students read small sections of a story or passage, then check for comprehension

Your lesson on adding involved the following procedure so far: a short picture book and modeling how to add with bear counters. How could you use the physical set-up of your classroom to differentiate instruction from this point? A. Allow time for students to work in various centers throughout the classroom as you work with one small group. B. Have students work individually at their desks using bear counters to add 2+2. C. Gather students on the carpet and have two students model how to use bear counters to add 2+2. D. Have students spread out and work in partners around the classroom.

D. Have students spread out and work in partners around the classroom.

What would be the best assessment option for determining students' understanding of the features and elements of pop art? A. Have students read a biographical text about Andy Warhol, a leading artist in the pop art movement, and write a summary. B. Have students write a compare and contrast essay about any two periods of art, as long as they at least mention pop art. C. Have students work in small groups to create a collage about a chosen subject. D. Have students work with a partner to design a poster, painting, or other visual display that incorporates elements of pop art.

D. Have students work with a partner to design a poster, painting, or other visual display that incorporates elements of pop art.

Tom is suffering from depression. Which of the following behaviors would you MOST expect from Tom? A. He would be overweight and make poor daily food choices, leading to increased weight gain. B. He would feel happy overall, but not have that much interest in the hobbies he used to enjoy. C. He would constantly feel chest pains after any sort of exercise and would no longer enjoy exercise. D. He would feel constant sadness and would no longer enjoy the activities he used to enjoy. E. His joints would be inflamed and he would have trouble sleeping.

D. He would feel constant sadness and would no longer enjoy the activities he used to enjoy.

Cleo has just given her class a big test. When she sits down to grade the test, which of the following should she NOT do? A. Find out what they currently know B. Keep an open mind C. Identify key gaps in their understanding D. Ignore what they already know and focus solely on what they need to know

D. Ignore what they already know and focus solely on what they need to know

Academic language is used where? A. By professionals at work B. By students at play C. Mostly in homes D. In classrooms

D. In classrooms

When should you use a comma? A. None of the answers are correct. B. In very long sentences C. When you want to highlight special phrases D. In lists to separate three or more items in a series

D. In lists to separate three or more items in a series

Why do people do aerobic activity? A. In order to require less sleep. B. In order to socialize. C. In order to become more flexible. D. In order to be able to exert a lot of energy for a long time. E. In order to build muscle strength.

D. In order to be able to exert a lot of energy for a long time.

Which of the following is an example of differentiated lab experiments in science? A. Providing limited procedures, but letting all students decide on which variables to pick B. Including specific protocols for all students C. Conducting experiments as a whole class to simplify procedures D. Including procedures or letting students design their own experiment

D. Including procedures or letting students design their own experiment

What does 'IEP' stand for? A. Initial Education Plan B. Individual Expressing Purpose C. Intentional Excel Program D. Individualized Education Program

D. Individualized Education Program

What type of active learning should be used for teaching ecology and environmental science where questions guide the activities and discussions? A. Ecology-based learning B. Strategy-based learning C. Question-based learning D. Inquiry-based learning

D. Inquiry-based learning

All of the following are examples of how information is collected for an ecological assessment, EXCEPT: A. Interviews with family B. Observation by specialists C. Observation by teachers D. Interviews with other children

D. Interviews with other children

If you were to read the following passage aloud, which element of prosody would be the most important to focus on? ''When I woke up this morning, I muttered to myself, 'I just want to go back to sleep,' but then looked at my alarm clock and shouted, 'Oh no! I'm late for school!'' A. Expression B. Vocabulary C. Flow D. Intonation

D. Intonation

Calvin went to Chicago by airplane, and Audra traveled to the city by train. This is an example of a compound sentence because: A. It has one independent and two or more dependent clauses. B. It only has one dependent clause. C. It has three or more independent clauses. D. It has two independent clauses and a coordinating conjunction.

D. It has two independent clauses and a coordinating conjunction.

What is wrong with the following sentence? Clint didn't talk much he just stared you down with cold, dead eyes. A. It has a comma splice. B. It is a sentence fragment. C. 'He' should be capitalized. D. It is a regular run-on sentence.

D. It is a regular run-on sentence.

Which of these describes the problem with the following sentence? Looking for his favorite pair of glasses. A. It lacks an exclamation point at the end. B. It has a comma splice. C. It is a regular run-on sentence. D. It is a sentence fragment.

D. It is a sentence fragment.

What is the significance of an Oxford comma? A. It is the type of comma used by individuals in the UK B. It is used to join two dependent clauses C. It is used to join a dependent and an independent clause D. It is the final comma in a listing of items

D. It is the final comma in a listing of items

How can the use of a quotation in the conclusion be helpful? A. It makes the essay more aesthetically appealing. B. It fills in empty space. C. It offsets for any formatting errors. D. It strengthens the writer's argument.

D. It strengthens the writer's argument.

In early childhood, children often eat _____ because of changes in the rate of growth. A. Fewer salty foods B. Bigger breakfasts C. More than during infancy D. Less food overall

D. Less food overall

During reading, what should teachers do to help students identify the main points? A. Read the text without an opinion. B. Rewrite the events in the story or text. C. Count the events that take place. D. Look for a common or reoccurring theme.

D. Look for a common or reoccurring theme.

Of the following tips for effective communication with members of an assessment partnership, which is enforceable by state and federal law? A. Avoid guilt and criticism B. Use ''I'' statements C. Be concise D. Maintain confidentiality

D. Maintain confidentiality

Which of the following areas is the last step in your writing process? A. Consult an expert B. Choose a topic C. Create a thesis statement D. Make it your own

D. Make it your own

IEP goals should be: A. Qualitative and emotional B. Comprehensive and wordy C. Long and lengthy D. Measurable and observable

D. Measurable and observable

What is NOT a great way to track progress for early learning math students? A. Informal assessments B. Formal assessments C. Taking notes while asking students questions D. Morning work that is not graded

D. Morning work that is not graded

Which of these is NOT an element of art? A. Line B. Shape C. Color D. Movement

D. Movement

What are gross motor skills? A. All of the options are correct. B. Movements that involve the coordination of small muscles of the body with eyesight. C. Movements that involve using the small muscles of the body. D. Movements that involve using the large muscles of the body.

D. Movements that involve using the large muscles of the body.

Which of the following is an example of culturally responsive teaching? A. Ms. Cohen allows all of her students with similar linguistic backgrounds to work together on class projects. That way, the students will feel more comfortable working with those who speak their language. B. Mrs. Sheffield follows her school's curriculum exactly as outlined. Some of the reading materials are outdated, but they're important works of literature that students need to be exposed to in order to pass standardized tests. C, Mr. Silvia always plays classical music by renowned artists like Beethoven and Mozart during classroom center rotations. D. Mr. Dixon has a wide variety of reading material for his students to choose from during independent reading time, including books by Latin-American and African-American authors, as well as Native American legends and ancient Japanese myths.

D. Mr. Dixon has a wide variety of reading material for his students to choose from during independent reading time, including books by Latin-American and African-American authors, as well as Native American legends and ancient Japanese myths.

A description of an observable natural phenomenon, often through formulas or equations is known as: A. Experimentation B. Validity C. Hypothesis D. Natural law E. Pseudoscience

D. Natural law

Which of the following should NOT be included in the conclusion paragraph of a 5-paragraph essay? A. The importance of the writer's thesis statement in light of the research presented. B. A sense of closure. C. Around 5-7 sentences for an essay of this length. D. New information.

D. New information.

Standardized testing is a requirement in some states in the U.S. due in part to the _____. A. Higher Education Act of 1965 B. School Establishment Act of 1616 C. Education Reform Act of 1988 D. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

D. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

Which of the following is an example of a performance-based assessment? A. Use of a scantron answer sheet in chemistry class B. A True/False exam in history class C. Written book report in English class D. Oral presentation in history class

D. Oral presentation in history class

What assessment tool was developed for public school teachers in Michigan that allows teachers of young social studies students to better understand their overall understanding of content and skill mastery? A. National Council for the Social Studies B. History Assessments of Thinking C. Beyond the Bubble D. PASST Project

D. PASST Project

What happens during the Teenage Child phase of the Family Life Cycle? A. Parents have to exert more control over their teen B. Teenagers are leaving the home to live on their own C. All are correct D. Parents have to allow for more independence for their teen E. A teen is making new friends and entering love relationships

D. Parents have to allow for more independence for their teen

Which of the following should NOT be included in a formal essay? A. Up-to-date and reliable sources. B. A proper ratio of quality research and the writer's analysis. C. A thesis statement. D. Personal statements.

D. Personal statements.

Sounding out words is common in which of the following activities? A. Letter knowledge B. Letter formation C. Phonemes D. Phonics

D. Phonics

What type of academic language focuses on vocabulary words? A. Sentence B. Discourse C. Barrier D. Phrase

D. Phrase

Which of the following is a good strategy for helping students understanding the complex concepts of economics? A. Force them to memorize definitions B. Show them a video C. Lecture them D. Provide them with hands-on activities and projects

D. Provide them with hands-on activities and projects

Which of the following is a scaffold for reading in science? A. Providing bold vocabulary words for the entire class B. Reading aloud as a class to provide a model for reading scientific texts C. Providing space for annotation for all students D. Providing space for annotation for students with a reading disabilitiy

D. Providing space for annotation for students with a reading disabilitiy

In the element of flow for prosody, what is the key sign of what to do? A. Characters B. Grammar C. Vocabulary D. Punctuation

D. Punctuation

Which of the choices is an INCORRECT way to fix the following sentence? Jones is a terrific agent she is the best marksman we have. A. Add a period after 'agent' and start a new sentence with 'She' B. Add a comma after 'agent,' plus coordinating conjunction 'and' C. Add a semicolon after 'agent' D. Put a comma after 'agent'

D. Put a comma after 'agent'

Every inquiry-based lesson begins with a _____. A. Experiment B. Description C. Lecture D. Question

D. Question

Which of the following demonstrates proper capitalization? A. rachel went to the store and bought milk. She returned to the store later in the day because she forgot to purchase cheese. B. rachel went to the store and bought milk. she returned to the store later in the day because she forgot to purchase cheese. C. Rachel went to the store and bought milk. she returned to the store later in the day because she forgot to purchase cheese. D. Rachel went to the store and bought milk. She returned to the store later in the day because she forgot to purchase cheese.

D. Rachel went to the store and bought milk. She returned to the store later in the day because she forgot to purchase cheese.

Which of the following is true of read alouds? A. Read alouds are irrelevant to emergent readers. B. Read alouds discourage students from learning to read on their own. C. Read alouds are about fun but not learning. D. Read alouds can play a significant role in emergent literacy.

D. Read alouds can play a significant role in emergent literacy.

Which area involves processing and gathering meaning from text? A. Writing B. Listening C. Speaking D. Reading

D. Reading

Reusing resources, or _____, is a great way to show students how to protect the environment by using things wisely. A. Dumping B. Cleaning C. Adapting D. Recycling

D. Recycling

Which of the following is true of academic oral presentation as compared to academic writing? A. The receiver is less likely to remember important details. B. Precise wording is more important. C. It is more formal. D. Repetition is needed to make it memorable.

D. Repetition is needed to make it memorable.

Where is a good place to practice and apply math and science in a community setting? A. Libraries B. History museums C. Law firms D. Restaurants

D. Restaurants

Which of the following school support staff might need to be included in an assessment partnership team for a student who struggles with a hearing loss that impacts their ability to be tested orally? A. Disciplinary administrator B. After-school tutor C. Guidance counselor D. School nurse

D. School nurse

This is a branch of knowledge and the systematic study of the universe and all it encompasses, one that is based upon facts, observation, and experimentation: A. Pseudoscience B. Natural law C. Dogma D. Science E. Theory

D. Science

Students can use _____ to enhance their communication skills when learning science. A. Scientific calculator B. Cell phones C. Computer D. Science notebooks

D. Science notebooks

Noor is concerned that one of her students might have a developmental delay. Which type of assessment should be given to Noor's student to see if he has a developmental issue? A. Diagnostic B. Summative C. Formative D. Screening

D. Screening

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a safe and supportive learning environment? A. Organization B. Sense of community C. Rules D. Sense of uncertainty

D. Sense of uncertainty

At what age do children begin measuring with a tool? A. Three to four B. One to two C. Five to six D. Seven to eight

D. Seven to eight

When expanding on a topic, what is a good way to expose students to more information about it? A. Watch a cartoon movie about friendship B. Have students play a game on the tablet about letters C. Put pictures of germs in each classroom area. D. Show an age appropriate video with a demonstration of the skill or topic.

D. Show an age appropriate video with a demonstration of the skill or topic.

Which of the following options would be a good choice to begin a discussion on germs? A. Give students tablets and have them draw a germ. B. Walk around the playground with students and have them touch and jump over various sized objects. C. Show students a video of someone being sick and ask how we could prevent it. D. Show students how to properly wash hands and begin a discussion about why washing hands is important.

D. Show students how to properly wash hands and begin a discussion about why washing hands is important.

'Beauty is in the heart of the beholder.' - H.G. Wells What type of sentence is this famous quote? A. Dependent clause B. Complex sentence C. Compound sentence D. Simple sentence E. Independent clause

D. Simple sentence

When students decode, they are: A. Translating text from Spanish to English B. Able to crack codes in order to solve riddles C. Comprehending what they are reading D. Sounding out unfamiliar words that they come across in their reading

D. Sounding out unfamiliar words that they come across in their reading

All week you observed unexplained bruises on a student's face and neck. When asked, he couldn't explain them. He was really tentative to pack up at the end of the day, and he showed new aggressive behaviors during recess. What should you do? A. Monitor him for another week and take notes on his physical appearance and behavior. B. Explain to the student that you need to know exactly what happened in order to help him. C. Contact the parent to ask about what has been going on. D. Talk to your principal and/or guidance counselor about the steps to take as a mandated reporter for abuse.

D. Talk to your principal and/or guidance counselor about the steps to take as a mandated reporter for abuse.

How do early literacy assessments help? A. Schools use data to get more money. B. Parents use data to push students harder. C. Principals use data to make sure teachers are doing a good job. D. Teachers use data to plan specific interventions.

D. Teachers use data to plan specific interventions.

How do you change this sentence from passive voice to active voice? The bloody space battle was fought mostly by children. A. The space battle, while bloody, was fought mostly by children. B. The space battle was bloody and fought mostly by children. C. The space battle became bloody as it was fought by children. D. The children fought the bloody space battle.

D. The children fought the bloody space battle.

Which of the following answers use correct punctuation? A. The family's trip took them to New York City, New York, Providence, Rhode Island, Savannah, Georgia, and New Orleans, Louisiana -- and back. B. The family's trip took them to New York City, New York; Providence, Rhode Island, Savannah, Georgia; and New Orleans, Louisiana, and back. C. The family's trip took them to: New York City, New York, Providence, Rhode Island, Savannah, Georgia, and New Orleans, Louisiana and back. D. The family's trip took them to New York City, New York; Providence, Rhode Island; Savannah, Georgia; and New Orleans, Louisiana -- and back.

D. The family's trip took them to New York City, New York; Providence, Rhode Island; Savannah, Georgia; and New Orleans, Louisiana -- and back.

Which of the following factors support the nativist theory of language development? A. The wide variety in languages spoken around the world. B. The process of gradual language development. C. The speed at which children learn a language. D. The idea of universal grammar

D. The idea of universal grammar

What does the principle of art called 'rhythm' describe? A. The overall sense of harmony within a composition B. The appropriate relation between elements in terms of size and scale within a composition C. The amount of visual diversity within a composition D. The implied beat created through repetition of specific elements within a composition

D. The implied beat created through repetition of specific elements within a composition

The following quote from a teenage girl, about her experience with cyberbullying, was reported by professors Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin. 'It makes me hurt both physically and mentally. It scares me and takes away all my confidence. It makes me feel sick and worthless' (Hinduja and Patchin 2010) Why is the quote an effective attention getter? A. A direct quote proves the writer is an authority. B. Quotes are always an effective attention getter. C. The quote allows readers to know the essay topic is important. D. The pain expressed in her quote allows readers to empathize with her, even if they haven't experienced something similar.

D. The pain expressed in her quote allows readers to empathize with her, even if they haven't experienced something similar.

All of the following are guidelines of the Pre-K Counts program EXCEPT? A. Developmentally appropriate activities should be designed based off of PA's learning standards. B. There must be an inclusive environment for all children such as those with disabilities or developmental delays. C. An annual community needs assessment must be created and delivered in order to determine which students are eligible for the program. D. The program offers a variety of options for education such as: center-based, home-based, family child care, and approved locally-designed

D. The program offers a variety of options for education such as: center-based, home-based, family child care, and approved locally-designed

Which of the following is an advantage of using visual formats from a receptive language view? A. The receiver is able to engage with the reader on a personal level. B. The receiver is able to perceive tone through body language. C. The receiver is able to ask clarifying questions as information is processing. D. The receiver is able to go back and reread or review information.

D. The receiver is able to go back and reread or review information.

What is an example of two patterns you might have young students focus on during a spelling sort? A. The suffix tion vs. the suffix ism B. Long words vs. short words C. Proper nouns vs. common nouns D. The short o sound vs. the long o sound

D. The short o sound vs. the long o sound

What is semiotics? A. The study of language B. The sounds that we make C. The study of symmetry D. The study of signs

D. The study of signs

Why is the thesis statement such an important element of any essay? A. The thesis is mentioned in each paragraph to provide a logical body for the essay. C. The thesis is generally the first sentence of the introductory paragraph, and sets the framework for the entire essay. C. The thesis allows readers to understand how the author reached their opinion. D. The thesis identifies the writer's argument and particular take on the subject of the essay.

D. The thesis identifies the writer's argument and particular take on the subject of the essay.

Robert is writing an essay and in the last sentence of his introductory paragraph, he presented this as his thesis: 'My paper is about dating and social media.' Why is this thesis NOT appropriate? A. The thesis shouldn't be the last sentence of the introduction, but the first. B. The thesis is too specific. C. The thesis has both a claim and a reason. D. The thesis lacks direction without identifying the specific elements of the essay.

D. The thesis lacks direction without identifying the specific elements of the essay.

Differentiating instruction means: A. Having a different curriculum just for ELL students. B. Using different teachers to teach lessons in the classroom. C. Making it mandatory for teachers to be able to deliver instruction in multiple languages. D. The use of various instructional strategies in order to support all students.

D. The use of various instructional strategies in order to support all students.

Which of the following is NOT one of the six key steps of the scientific method? A. Hypothesis B. Experiment C. Observation D. Theory

D. Theory

What do biodomes teach students? A. They educate students the importance of oceans and rivers within our world. B. They can teach students how to make recycled homes for themselves. C. They educate students on how things could become extinct when changes are made to an environment. D. They can teach students about the characteristics of ecosystems and how living react with nonliving.

D. They can teach students about the characteristics of ecosystems and how living react with nonliving.

In what way does reading fairy tales help children? A. Children can learn about rule of law B. Children can learn to connect to communities C. They help children to invent their own stories D. They help children understand sequence in story telling

D. They help children understand sequence in story telling

Which of these is NOT true of well written directions? A. They should include clearly defined expectations. B. They must be congruent with learning objectives. C. They will often include rubrics. D. They should leave room for individual interpretation. E. They should include all criteria to be used in evaluation.

D. They should leave room for individual interpretation.

How are transitional sentences important in achieving coherence in body paragraphs? A. They show how the writer may be opposed to the topic sentence. B. They show how the writer may agree to the topic sentence. C. They show how ideas transit from the main point. D. They show how the ideas relate to one another.

D. They show how the ideas relate to one another.

Which of the following accurately describes a difference between Asperger syndrome and autism? A. Those with Asperger syndrome have a harder time learning. B. Those with Asperger's have below average language skills. C. Those with Asperger syndrome are physically graceful. D. Those with Asperger syndrome often seem awkward and unsure in social situations rather than aloof as a person with Autism might be.

D. Those with Asperger syndrome often seem awkward and unsure in social situations rather than aloof as a person with Autism might be.

At what age do children begin performing basic math operations such as addition and subtraction? A. One to two B. Seven to eight C. Five to six D. Three to four

D. Three to four

Most academic language falls into which two tiers of vocabulary? A. Tier four and tier five B. Tier three and tier four C. Tier one and tier two D. Tier two and tier three

D. Tier two and tier three

Why are IEPs evaluated and measured frequently? A. Consistent updates are required for federal funding to be received. B. Children who need special education need consistent reassurance. C. Many people are involved with any given IEP, and these people need constant updates. D. To assess student success and overcome whatever obstacles might arise.

D. To assess student success and overcome whatever obstacles might arise.

Which of the following is an ELL teacher obligation that might be special for a given school? A. To keep ELL students' grades confidential B. To test students per school policies C. To collaborate with grade teachers D. To chaperone ELL students on a school trip

D. To chaperone ELL students on a school trip

Why should you use sentence starters with ELLs? A. To have the ELLs finish the sentence you start (gives them context) B. None of the answers are correct; sentence starters are for fluent English speakers. C. To give examples of sentences before ELLs make up their own D. To make them feel comfortable and encourage questioning

D. To make them feel comfortable and encourage questioning

What transition would you incorporate to indicate to readers they are nearing the end of a written piece? A. On the other hand B. Likewise C. Furthermore D. To summarize

D. To summarize

Why is the 'bridge' used? A. To get the attention of the reader. B. To present the conclusion of the essay. C. To present the main idea of the essay. D. To transition from the attention getter to the thesis.

D. To transition from the attention getter to the thesis.

Which Geography activity will not only help students learn about areas of the world, but also help them learn important research skills? A. Current events activities B. Tests C. Virtual field trips D. Tourism presentations

D. Tourism presentations

Which of the following is TRUE about copyrighted material? A. Copyright laws do not apply to research papers. B, None of these answers are correct. C. Using a small portion of someone else's work without citing does not represent infringement. D. Using a significant portion of someone else's work with citing may still represent infringement.

D. Using a significant portion of someone else's work with citing may still represent infringement.

What parts of speech are often referred to as ''action words''? A. Interjections B. Nouns C. Conjunctions D. Verbs

D. Verbs

What are some basic concepts teachers can introduce to younger children to help them in science? A. Names of shapes, names of fluids, names of construction materials (scissors, tape, etc) B. Molecular structures, atoms, theory of relativity C. Krebs cycle, electricity, quantum mechanics D. Waves, atoms, magnetism

D. Waves, atoms, magnetism

What is the critical period hypothesis for learning language? A. We are born with a language acquisition device that naturally allows us to learn language. B. We learn language through a system of rewards or punishments. C. Adults can learn new languages easier than children. D. We have a time period for learning language. Once that time frame is over, language acquisition becomes very difficult.

D. We have a time period for learning language. Once that time frame is over, language acquisition becomes very difficult.

What language might you use to introduce young children to the concept of an average? A. What is the average and mode in this data set? B. Let's analyze the outliers in relation to the range. C. Let's find the mean and median in this data. D. What is true about most people in this data set?

D. What is true about most people in this data set?

When should a question mark NOT be used in a sentence? A. When you're unsure of something within a sentence B. To turn a statement into a question in informal writing C. To ask a direct question that needs an answer D. When a question turns into a request E. To ask a rhetorical question

D. When a question turns into a request

Muscle memory is: A. When muscles lock up B. When muscles have a lot of flexibility, so much so that they allow the person to bend freely C. When muscles become tight D. When muscles become accustomed to doing something so much so that it takes almost no effort to do it after a while

D. When muscles become accustomed to doing something so much so that it takes almost no effort to do it after a while

Which of the following statements is true? A. Non-political involvement is less important than political involvement. B. Political involvement is less important than non-political involvement. C. Political involvement is less important in a democracy. D. When we are engaged in our communities we make a positive difference.

D. When we are engaged in our communities we make a positive difference.

Which of the following best describes discrete vocabulary assessment? A. Vocabulary terms are taught in context to clarify the correct usage. B. Content-specific word use is tracked during a learning experience. C. Vocabulary terms are chosen from the entire course curriculum. D. Words are taught and tested in isolation.

D. Words are taught and tested in isolation.

Which of the following sentences is NOT grammatically correct? A. You insult my honor; I challenge you to a duel. B. You insult my honor. I challenge you to a duel. C. You insult my honor; therefore, I challenge you to a duel. D. You insult my honor I am challenging you to a duel.

D. You insult my honor I am challenging you to a duel.

If your assessment tells you that most of your students fail, then what? A. You need to revise the assessment B. You will go on teaching probation C. You need to report assessment results to the state D. You need to revise your teaching method

D. You need to revise your teaching method

After students act out what to do in the case of a fire drill, you have a handful of students who struggle with what to do after lining up. How could you help this group of students? A. You should teach all of the students the procedure again. B. You should show them pictures from a book on how to line up during a fire drill. C. You should move on to another topic since most of your students understand what to do. D. You should allow time for this small group to practice the drill during center time.

D. You should allow time for this small group to practice the drill during center time.

Students can make important connections to other history topics and subjects through _____. A. scaffolding B. brainstorming C. activating prior knowledge D. all are correct

D. all are correct

Why do some children sometimes need more thorough early literacy screenings? A. they don't progress, even with interventions B. initial screenings indicate a more complex issue C. not enough information was gathered from the initial screening D. all of the above

D. all of the above

What might a teacher use to help teach science concepts to very young students? A. inquiry based teaching B. projects like building a motor C. trade books D. all of these answers are correct

D. all of these answers are correct

Paraprofessionals are also sometimes called: A. volunteers B. student teachers C. special education teachers D. assistant teachers

D. assistant teachers

In relation to letter knowledge, during the first year of life, children _____. A. can usually combine a couple of letters to form a word B. associate an alphabet letter with the first letter in their name C. None of the answers are correct; basic letter knowledge does not begin until preschool. D. associate sounds and pictures with meaning

D. associate sounds and pictures with meaning

Which of the following may be a sign of a phonological disorder in a three-year-old? A. fronting B. deaffrication C. affrication D. backing

D. backing

Noam Chomsky argues that babies acquire language A. when caregivers speak softly to infants. B. by watching adults interact. C. by repeated exposure to sounds that have meaning. D. because humans are born with the ability to learn language.

D. because humans are born with the ability to learn language.

The theory of multiple intelligences incorporates the eight following areas: spatial, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and _____ A. logical-mathematical, tactile, and psychological B. logical-mathematical, naturalist, and sociological C. bodily-kinesthetic, emotional, and naturalist D. bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, and naturalist

D. bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, and naturalist

Shape, color, movement, and sound are the fundamental _____ of the Arts and Humanities. A. alternatives B. problems C. links D. building blocks

D. building blocks

When practicing letter formation, students typically master _____ first. A. vowels B. lowercase letters C. consonants D. capital letters

D. capital letters

A semicolon can be used for all of the following EXCEPT to _____. A. connect two independent clauses that are closely related to each other. B. connect two independent clauses to strengthen the relationship between them C. clarify items in a list that have their own internal punctuation D. connect two independent clauses that are widely dissimilar from each other

D. connect two independent clauses that are widely dissimilar from each other

In regards to main characters and the setting of a story, teachers should instruct students to make a _____ to the text. A. character and place B. title or subject C. picture or illustration D. connection or relation

D. connection or relation

Patricia is a first grade teacher. Which of the following is an important thing for her to do when collaborating with a special education teacher, who works with one of Patricia's students? A. taking into consideration the career goals of the special education teacher B. deciding on the role of the special education teacher C. telling the special education teacher which students to work with D. coordinating plans with the special education teacher

D. coordinating plans with the special education teacher

Evaluating students before, during, and after instruction is part of applying this principle: A. collaborative work B. ELL learning C. differentiated instruction D. differentiated assessment

D. differentiated assessment

Mario is having trouble recognizing sequences and is unable to recall math facts. Based on these symptoms, what type of learning disability might Mario be experiencing? A. dyslexia B. dysphagia C. dysgraphia D. dyscalculia

D. dyscalculia

Which of the following topics might be good for a graph to teach young children about data analysis? A. sharing toys B. weather changes C. economics D. favorite pets

D. favorite pets

Three areas in which students may experience difficulties with reading include _____. A. speaking, listening, and writing B. spelling, comprehension, and fluency C. decoding, articulation, and vocabulary D. fluency, decoding, and comprehension

D. fluency, decoding, and comprehension

Which of the following correctly lists the coordinating conjunctions? A. for, after, not, but, or, yet, so. B. for, and, nor, both, or, yet, so. C. from, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. D. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

D. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

This type of learner would prefer to have concepts explained to them in a conversational way on information that has relevance to their lives. A. visual B. analytic C. auditory D. global

D. global

A well-developed body paragraph is one that _____. A. presents a thesis statement at the end B. explains your conclusion C. features several types of logical appeals D. has sufficient supporting details and examples

D. has sufficient supporting details and examples

Bryan has autism, and often seems aloof and standoffish. According to experts, this is because _____. A. he finds other people's conversation stupid B. his hearing is impaired C. he doesn't care about other people D. he doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy

D. he doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy

Indicating the author's purpose and theme in a selection shows which reading skill? A. connecting B. predicting C. visualization D. identifying

D. identifying

A person with a heightened self-awareness has a high level of _____. A. naturalistic intelligence B. bodily intelligence C. intrapersonal intelligence D. interpersonal intelligence

D. interpersonal intelligence

Which is a free morpheme? A. s B. re C. ous D. joy

D. joy

How can you be sure to create an appropriate tone for your essay? A. always have an informal tone B. choose a tone you like, regardless of audience and purpose C. don't think about tone until after you have written the essay D. keep the audience and purpose in mind while you write E. always have a formal tone

D. keep the audience and purpose in mind while you write

Esteban is a ninth grade student in Pennsylvania. Today, his Language Arts teacher groups Esteban with other students so that they discuss the key details of a non-fiction text, as this is one of the skills expected by the standards. The teacher should: A. ask Esteban questions to see if he will be able to do the work B. tell Esteban to call her if he needs help C. ask Esteban's peers to help him D. make sure Esteban uses the specific skills for this work

D. make sure Esteban uses the specific skills for this work

One of the most appealing graphs for visual learners to work with is a _____. A. regression analysis B. line plot C. histogram D. picture graph

D. picture graph

In all communication with families, it is important to keep the conversation as _____ as possible. A. ambiguous B. short C. long D. positive

D. positive

Turning the pages of a book is an example of _____. A. arts integration B. dramatic play C. discovery learning D. pre-reading skills

D. pre-reading skills

Which is an affix? A. synonym B. root C. word map D. prefix E. flashcards

D. prefix

Early reading interventions can begin as early as _____. A. high school B. kindergarten C. second grade D. preschool

D. preschool

Which of these is a reason a student might need an IEP? A. identified as having average academic abilities B. home-schooled during the previous year C. previously expelled from school D. previously identified as having learning disabilities

D. previously identified as having learning disabilities

In differentiated instruction, the in-class and hands-on activities that are designed to enhance students' learning are called _____. A. procedure B. product C. content D. process

D. process

Joe is an ELL teacher who joins the school in February. He heard annual funding is available for professional development. However, his supervisor informs him that this funding is over for the year. Joe has the right to _____. A. demand the school use any leftover funding for ELL materials B. request the school reimburse his professional development with next year's money C. demand the school pay for his professional development D. request the school pay his professional development next year

D. request the school pay his professional development next year

Brainstorming sessions should be _____. A. acrimonious B. used sparingly C. fodder for a later test D. safe environments for everyone to share their ideas

D. safe environments for everyone to share their ideas

One should focus on _____ during the outlining process. A. brainstorming possible discussion points B. the content of the opening and closing paragraphs C. creating a thesis statement clearly presenting one's position on the topic D. sentence structure, quality of ideas and logical order

D. sentence structure, quality of ideas and logical order

An assessment that uses the same or similar questions and is evaluated using the same criteria for all test-takers is referred to as a _____ assessment. A. formative B. proctored C. summative D. standardized

D. standardized

Kai just finished a big unit on bugs with his class, and now his students have to do a big project to show him how much they learned. Kai's end-of-unit project is an example of a _____ assessment. A. diagnostic B. screening C. formative D. summative

D. summative

For educators, learning how to successfully interact with _____ is important in the 21st century. A. grade books B. None of the answers is correct. C. cell phones D. technology

D. technology

After what grade do early literacy interventions seem to not have the same impact? A. kindergarten B. fifth C. first D. third

D. third

Joe sees his student Ahmed is being discriminated against by his classroom teacher because he has a visual impairment. Joe's right and obligation is _____. A. to stay out of it because Joe must respect his colleagues B. to tell Ahmed's parents about the issue C. to talk to Ahmed to make him feel better D. to advocate for Ahmed because it is Joe's right to advocate

D. to advocate for Ahmed because it is Joe's right to advocate

Which of the following is a reason to use benchmarking in education? A. to limit learning B. to increase inequality C. to increase pressure D. to improve performance

D. to improve performance

Which is an example of purpose in an essay? A. informal B. a teacher C. formal D. to inform E. serious

D. to inform

Why should teachers assess purpose in writing? A. to work on spelling conventions B. to give a grade C. to create a flash draft D. to learn more about students and their writing

D. to learn more about students and their writing

Which word contains three different morphemes? A. firehouse B. rerun C. Michigan D. unsightly

D. unsightly

One strategy that may help English learners is to _____. A. talk slowly B. ignore cognates C. translate every single word D. use realia to explain vocabulary words

D. use realia to explain vocabulary words

Arts integration combines content areas with: A. drawing, painting and sketching B. physical education C. none of the answers are correct D. visual art, drama, music and movement

D. visual art, drama, music and movement

Which of the following is NOT related to the practice of benchmarking in education? A. ranking schools in terms of achievement B. comparing students to one another in terms of achievement C. establishing best practices for teaching and learning D. weeding out worst practices for teaching

D. weeding out worst practices for teaching

Joe has an ELL student who is way behind his peers. Joe begins to pay more attention to Joe compared to the other students. Joe's intentions are good and this attitude is _____. A. right because Joe is accommodating the student B. wrong because it makes Joe look racist C. right because Joe's obligation is to help students in need D. wrong because it is discriminatory toward other students

D. wrong because it is discriminatory toward other students

A single assertion, a proposed explanation of something based on available knowledge, for something yet to be explained, one that is subject to further experimentation is called: A. A theory B. Scientific research C. Peer review D. Statistical significance E. A hypothesis

E. A hypothesis

What is the Family Life Cycle? A. The back and forth of good and bad times in families B. The mental hoops parent go through when they try to control their teens C. The cycle of communication that grows from infancy to adulthood D. The unconscious patterns that rule family behavior E. A series of stages families go through during their lifespan

E. A series of stages families go through during their lifespan

Exercise can _____. A. increase bone strength B. boost mood C. aid weight loss D. reduce stress E. All of the answers are correct

E. All of the answers are correct

What type of response always requires a student to supply a response or a product of their own making? A. Traditional B. Summative C. Formative D. Selected response E. Alternative

E. Alternative

'People won't have time for you if you are always angry or complaining.' - Stephen Hawking What type of sentence is this famous quote? A. Dependent clause B. Simple sentence C. Independent clause D. Compound sentence E. Complex sentence

E. Complex sentence

'Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that.' - Martin Luther King Jr. Which of the following choices best describes this famous quote? A. Simple sentence B. Complex sentence C. Dependent clause D. Independent clause E. Compound sentence

E. Compound sentence

Jaelle is having difficulty learning a specific math concept. What cooperative instructional strategy might Jaelle benefit from the most? A. Divide the class into cooperative work groups and give the work groups the task of individually memorizing the multiplication table. B. Divide the class into cooperative work groups and have the students continue to work individually then check with the student in charge to determine if they have obtained the correct answers. C. Divide the class into work groups and give each work group different numbers of the multiplication table to individually memorize. D. Divide the class into cooperative learning groups and have one student in the group do the work for the students who are struggling with the multiplication table. E. Divide the class into cooperative learning groups and assign specific roles of collaboration for each member of the group.

E. Divide the class into cooperative learning groups and assign specific roles of collaboration for each member of the group.

A key difference between science and religion, astrology, and pseudoscience is that scientific statements are: A. Untestable B. Always true C. Unverifiable D. Always untrue E. Falsifiable

E. Falsifiable

It is a new class year, and you now have 15 new Kindergarten students. Thinking about what you read, what would your plan of action most likely resemble? A. Take the students on field trips and have them learn through play. B. Assessments will not be needed until 3rd grade C. All of these answers are correct D. Get out the book of standards and check them off one by one as they are taught. Take tests to see what they know. It's okay if they don't know the information. They will go over it next year E. Get to know the students first. Give them assessments one on one to get an idea of their level of development in math. Some students may have never seen a test before, so it is time to get creative and help them to connect to what the test means. Teach them with strategies, such as scaffolding, and then continue to assess and reflect on what they learned to drive new instruction

E. Get to know the students first. Give them assessments one on one to get an idea of their level of development in math. Some students may have never seen a test before, so it is time to get creative and help them to connect to what the test means. Teach them with strategies, such as scaffolding, and then continue to assess and reflect on what they learned to drive new instruction

'Life is what happens while you are busy making other plans.' - John Lennon In this famous quote, which choice best describes the first part of the sentence, 'Life is what happens'? A. Compound sentence B. Simple sentence C. Complex sentence D. Dependent clause E. Independent clause

E. Independent clause

When creating a teacher-made resource, what should you NOT do? A. Provide choices and options B. Provide many different types of questions C. Verify it accurately assesses your learning objective D. Modify for students with special needs E. Make a rigid final exam with one type of question and no choices for students

E. Make a rigid final exam with one type of question and no choices for students

This is a state of excess fat accumulation in the body that predisposes a person to, or exacerbates, negative health states. A. Heart disease B. Diabetes C. Depression D. Arthritis E. Obesity

E. Obesity

Which of the following is an example of an indirect question? A. Will you be going to the prom? B. You will clean your room by dinner? C. What's it going to take to convince you? D. How are you? E. She asked if I was going to drive to the movies.

E. She asked if I was going to drive to the movies.

Which of the following is an injury to a ligament? A. Edema B. Shin Splints C. Strain D. Tendonitis E. Sprain

E. Sprain

A rubric is a tool used A. Only in summative assessments B. Only in traditional assessments C. Only in formative assessments D. Before instruction to rank student aptitude E. To clearly state the expectations for an assignment

E. To clearly state the expectations for an assignment

Which game involves finding words that other students might not know? A. replacing vocabulary with synonyms B. weekly challenge C. making up words and defining using context clues D. paraphrase using vocabulary E. stump the class

E. stump the class

Jose is in a casino. He sees his friends Amy and Sandra win money at a nearby slot machine. Amy and Sandra cheer and clap. Jose wants to feel the same excitement, so he sits down at a slot machine and begins to gamble. This is an example of _____. A. self-efficacy B. performance phobia C. environmental interaction D. positive behavior E. vicarious reinforcement

E. vicarious reinforcement