Pediatric Disorders evolve

Henry is on strict 1 & O and wears a diaper. How does the nurse determine the output

-Weigh the soiled diapers and convert the gram weight using 1 gram = 1 mL -Zero the scale with a clean, dry diaper prior to measuring the soiled diaper to obtain the weight.

After abdominal surgery, a 12-year-old child is receiving morphine (Avinza) for pain control via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) infusion. What statement indicates to the nurse that the patient understands the instructions about the PCA pump?

"I can push the button to take a dose of the medicine whenever I feel pain."

what causes cerebral palsy?

injury or anomaly of the brain

what are 3 associated conditions of cerebral palsy?

learning impairment seizures vision/hearing loss

how is cerebral palsy diagnosed?

neurological exam and history

The nurse caring for a child admitted with acute diarrhea and dehydration. What is the accurate step the nurse should take?

continue breastfeeding. *Breastfeeding can continue along with oral rehydration solution to replace the ongoing fluid loss caused by the diarrhea. **Breast milk should not be diluted.

if the urine specific gravity is elevated, what does that mean

dehydration

A patient was admitted with burning pain in mouth, swollen mucous membrane, edema of lips, and violent vomiting. When the parents were asked, they said, "Our child was playing with a flashlight, I caught him chewing one of the batteries, so I took him here." What should be the treatment procedure followed by the nurse?

diluted with milk or water

The nurse caring for a child admitted with acute diarrhea and dehydration. What is the accurate step the nurse should take?

monitor IVF

The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception. He had diarrhea before admission; but, while waiting for administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception, he passes a normal brown stool. What is the most appropriate nursing action? what does this indicate?

notify HCP because it indicates that the intussusception has resolved

Acids can be corrosive and cause harm to internal organs; if ingested accidentally what should intervention should be done?

they should be diluted with milk or water (4 ounces)

The nurse is educating parents about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). What instructions should the nurse give to the parents for preventing SIDS? Select all that apply.

-"Adults should not share their bed with the infant." -"Smoking should be prohibited around the infant." -"Preterm infants can be placed in the supine position." *** -Soft bedding can cause suffocation because infants cannot yet move their heads to the side. -A side-lying position is not suitable for the infant because it also increases the chances of suffocation.

The parents of a child with cerebral palsy (CP) ask the nurse how to prevent injuries to their child at home. What are the most appropriate responses of the nurse? Select all that apply.

-"Avoid throw rugs and thick carpeting, and use padded furniture." -"Use padded furniture and gates on stairs, and include side rails on lowered beds." **Throw rugs and thick carpeting are tripping hazards and may cause the child to fall. It is advisable to use padded furniture and gates on stairs and to include side rails on lowered beds to prevent injurie

What steps should the nurse perform to maintain integrity of the capillary blood gas sample and results prior to taking the sample to the lab?

-Deliver to the laboratory immediately after collecting the blood sample -Use heparized tubes for collecting the sample. -Pack the blood samples in ice prior to transporting them to the lab. -On the specimen label, document the client's temperature at the time the specimen is collected.

What are the correct actions to ensure the integrity of the lab specimen and results for this client?

-Ensure the specimens are labeled as soon as obtained prior to leaving the procedure room. -Verify the label of the specimen with the client's identification bracelet -Verify with the parent that the information on the identification bracelet is correct

The nurse is planning therapeutic management for optimal development of a child with cerebral palsy (CP). What key areas of prevention and normalization should the nurse focus on during the therapy? Select all that apply.

-Establish optimal mobility, communication, and self-help skills. -Provide educational opportunities tailored to the child's needs and abilities. -Promote socialization experiences with other affected and unaffected children.

Based on the Henry's presenting signs and symptoms, what does the nurse anticipate the HCP will prescribe?

-Initiation of intravenous fluid -Place the infant NPO. -Anticipate that the HCP may consider surgery for the infant

A 5-year-old child is prescribed an opioid analgesic after surgery. Which side effects should the nurse monitor the child for? Select all that apply.

-Nausea -sedation -constipation -resp depression

What are appropriate nursing diagnoses based on the client's presenting signs, symptoms, and history?

-Parental anxiety related to the infants health -potential for alteration in electrolytes related to history of vomiting after feeding -At risk for aspiration related to vomiting episodes after feeding -At risk for malnutrition related to vomiting after each feeding

What nursing interventions and considerations are necessary regarding the placement of the intravenous catheter in a scalp vein?

-Place the bore of the needle in the direction of the feet of the infant -ensure the constricting band is placed near the brow of the scalp, avoiding the eye sockets. -Palpate the vessels for a pulse, prior to insertion of the intravenous catheter.

A child has been recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP), and the nurse is explaining how to care for the child to the child's parents. What major areas should the nurse focus on when speaking with the parents? Select all that apply.

-Reinforce the therapeutic plan and activities necessary for the child. -Provide guidance on devising and modifying equipment and activities. -Reinforce correct handling, home care, and role change from parent to caregiver.

What nursing interventions and considerations are important regarding IV fluid administration with this infant?

-The IV infusion should be set up with an infusion pump and infusion tubing -Inspect the insertion site for patency and/or infiltration hourly -If an IV board is placed to stabilize the catheter, unsure the tape is not too tight.

Based on history provided by the parents, what is the most significant data relevant to the signs and symptoms described and/or observed?

-The infant was treated with an antibiotic at 2 weeks of age -Father has history of surgery for spitting up at 2 months of age

What additional questions should the nurse ask the parents?

-When did the episodes of vomiting after feedings start? -Does the father smoke in rooms where the baby is present? -what type of work did the mother perform while pregnant?

1000 g = _______ kg

0.001 kg

After Henry arrives to the unit, what are the priority nursing interventions

1. Check the heart rate and circulatory status 2. ensure the infant/s airway is clear and breathing appropriately 3. Inspect the intravenous site and IV fluid solution and rate of infusion 4. Inspect the incision site and listen for bowel sounds. 5 Inspect the buttocks for skin breakdown and backside of infant

List the steps obtaining capillary blood serum in order from first step to last step

1. The heel is warmed with a warm, moist compress for 5 to 10 minutes. 2. the nurse determines the appropriate site for puncturing the warmed heel. 3. The area of the heel to be punctured is cleansed with an alcohol pad. 4. The first drop of blood should be wiped away with sterile cotton gauze. 5. The heel is gently squeezed and released in a milking fashion to obtain the specimen 6.Pressure is applied to the puncture site until bleeding has stopped. 7. A bandied is placed over the puncture site.

The parents express concern to the nurse that they are not using the proper feeding techniques for their child with cerebral palsy (CP). After further discussion the nurse notes that the parents are using the appropriate diet and positioning during and after feedings and are performing suitable jaw control techniques. Which outcome confirms the parents are using adequate oral feeding efficiency for their child?

Gain of child's overall weight

Which statement is true about the signs and symptoms of projectile vomiting?

This condition may cause dehydration.

what are two of the most common disturbances that occur with cerebral palsy?

abnormal muscle tone and lack of coordination

______________ is a neurological disorder caused by brain injury or malformation and occurs while the brain is still developing

cerebral palsy

A child is admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. The nurse observes that the child is screaming and drawing the knees toward the chest. During assessment, the nurse detects a palpable, sausage-shaped mass in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. What can the nurse deduce from these symptoms and findings? The child has:

intussusception

The nurse needs to place an intravenous catheter for IV fluids. What are the potential sites on an infant for the IV catheter to be placed?

-Feet -Head -Arms -Legs

Acid should NEVER be NEUTRALIZED with alkali since neutralization can cause an exothermic reaction. what is an exothermic reaction?

Exothermic reaction produces heat and causes increased symptoms or a thermal and a chemical burn.

What is the recommended position for the infant while awaiting surgery?

Flat and supine with head of the crib slightly elevated

Which statement best describes Hirschsprung's disease?

The colon has an aganglionic segment.

A parent brings her 8-month-old infant to the clinic for a well-child visit. The parent reports that the infant has not yet rolled over, has poor head control, and is using only one side of the body when trying to crawl. During the assessment, the nurse notes the infant also has stiff arms and scissoring of the legs. What diagnosis does the nurse expect the health care provider to give to the parents?

Cerebral palsy

hirschsprungs disease associated with the inability to do what?

It is associated with an inability to pass meconium or feces if the child is older