Peds Ch. 22

Crutches

Ambulatory devices that transfer body weight from lower to upper extremities used whenever weight bearing is contraindicated

True

Is the following statement true or false? The nurse working in the ER knows that trauma or unintentional injury is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the United States.

Fixation

Surgical reduction of a fracture or skeletal deformity with an internal or external pin or fixation device used for Fractures and skeletal deformities

Splinting

Temporary stiff support of injured area used for Temporary fracture reduction, immobilization and support of sprains

Muscle biopsy

The nurse caring for a client with suspected muscular dystrophy would prepare her client for which diagnostic test?

Neural tube defects

What accounts for the majority of congenital abnormalities?

spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele (neural tube defects)

What are the structural disorders related to congenital diseases?

Risk for impaired skin integrity

Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse prepare for the infant who is placed prone to protect the myelomeningocele repair site?

Assuming the usual feeding position will be difficult.

Why will it be necessary for the nurse to be very supportive of parents' attempts to feed the infant with recently repaired myelomeningocele?

hypotonia

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

kyphosis

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

Physical Therapy

focuses on attainment or improvement of gross motor skills.

Occupational Therapy

focuses on refinement of fine motor skills, feeding, and activities of daily living.

hypertonia

increased muscle tone

Spina Bifida Occulta

most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges MRI may be warrented for diagnosis

Skin Traction

pulling mechanisms are attached to skin with adhesive material or elastic bandage

Ossification

the conversion of cartilage to bone, continues throughout childhood and is complete at adolescence

external fixation

used for complicated fractures, especially open fractures with soft tissue damage. A series of pins or wires are inserted into bone and then attached to an external frame.

Speech therapy

warranted for the child with a speech impairment or feeding difficulty related to oral muscular issues.

Orthotics Braces

Adaptive positioning devices specially fitted for each child by the physical or occupational therapist or orthotist. Used to maintain proper body or extremity alignment, improve mobility, and prevent contractures

Casting

Application of plaster or fiberglass material to form a rigid apparatus to immobilize a body part used for racture reduction, dislocations, correction of deformities

"You and your coaches need to understand that you cannot play soccer for at least six weeks."

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old boy who plays on two soccer teams. He practices four days a week and his team travels to tournaments once a month. He has been diagnosed with a stress fracture in one of his vertebrae. Which instruction is most important to emphasize to the boy and his parents? "NSAIDs can help with pain control and inflammation." "You will need to see a physical therapist for stretching and strengthening exercises." "Ice will help reduce the inflammation." "You and your coaches need to understand that you cannot play soccer for at least six weeks."

Notify the health care provider of the findings immediately.

The nurse is caring for a child who had a cast on his lower leg placed two hours ago. When assessing the child's foot, the nurse notes that the toes are cool and the child reports extreme pain. What is the best action by the nurse?

epiphysiolysis of the proximal humerus

The nurse is caring for an 11-year-old presenting with tenderness in the shoulder. He is the pitcher for his baseball team and reports shoulder pain with active internal rotation but is able to continue past the pain with full range of motion. Based on these reported symptoms, the nurse is aware that the disorder is most likely to be: epiphysiolysis of the distal radius. Sever disease. Osgood-Schlatter disease. epiphysiolysis of the proximal humerus.

the lumbosacral area

Where is spina bifida occulta present in children?

Cold therapy

Application of ice bags, commercial cold packs, or cold compresses Most often used in acute injuries to cause vasoconstriction, thereby decreasing pain and swelling

b. Cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is the most common movement disorder of childhood.

The nurse caring for children with neuromuscular disorders knows that which of the following is the most common movement disorder of childhood? a. Spina bifida b. Cerebral palsy c. Muscular dystrophy d. Spinal muscular atrophy

Spica Cast

The nurse is discussing types of treatment used when working with children who have orthopedic disorders. Which form of treatment covers the lower part of the body, usually from the waist down, and either one or both legs while leaving the feet open? Spica cast External fixation device Internal fixation device Stockinette

Color Pulse Capillary refill Sensation

The young boy has fractured his left leg and has had a cast applied. The nurse educates the boy and his parents prior to discharge from the hospital. The parents should call the physician when which incidents occur? Select all that apply. The boy's toes are light blue and very swollen. The outside of the boy's cast got wet and had to be dried using a hair dryer. New drainage is seeping out from under the cast. The boy experiences mild pain when wiggling his toes. The boy has had a fever of greater than 102° F (38.9°C) for the last 36 hours.

Skeletal or cervical traction

Traction is an application of a pulling force on an extremity or body part. used To minimize or prevent trauma to the spinal cord; Fracture reduction, dislocations, correction of deformities

neurovascular compromise, skin integrity impairment, soft tissue injury, compartment syndrome, and, with skeletal traction, pin site infection or osteomyelitis.

What are some complications to casting?

dimpling, abnormal patches of hair, or discoloration of skin at the defect site

What are the major signs of spina bifida occulta?

Greater shock absorption

What is the benefit of having more flexible and porous bones i infants and young children?