Peds (quiz #3)

coactivation

What is the term for the degree of contractility and elasticity in muscle tissue? a. Resistance b. co-contraction c. Coactivation d. muscle tone

through repetition of movement, children develop improved neural pathways to help them move

What statement most closely describes the principle of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)? a. through repetition of movement, children develop improved neural pathways to help them move b. repetition of movements improves muscle tones so that the child is able to sustain correct movements c. repetition of movement improves range of motion and muscle strength d. sensory feedback provided by handling techniques motivates the child to move

compensatory

What technique is the OT using by providing the child with a shower chair, nonslip mat, and safety bars when showering? a. remediation b. adaptation c. grading d. compensatory

backward chaining

What technique is used when the caregiver takes the child's clothes off, washes the child in a tub, and dries the child off, but the child dresses self and empties the tub water? a. adapting the activity b. backward chaining c. forward chaining d. grading the activity

co-occupation

What term is used to describe a parent calming his or her child or two siblings working to clean their room? a. family-centered care b. co-occupation c. multidisciplinary d. behavior modification

constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)

What type of intervention is based on the theory of learned nonuse and requires children try to use the affected hand? a. complementary and alternative medicine b. constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) c. kinesiology taping d. orthosis and casting

kinesthetic or tactile

What type of learner benefits from role playing and feeling the letters? a. auditory b. perceptual c. kinesthetic or tactile d. visual

the OT should obtain consent from the adolescent's parent or guardian

When discussing sexuality with an adolescent is a school setting, what must the OT practitioner first do? a. The OT should discuss the topic with the school principal and nurse b. It is not appropriate for the OT to address sexuality c. The OT should get verbal consent from the adolescent d. The OT should obtain consent from the adolescent's parent or guardian

provide direct intervention in the state of the art kitchen at the clinic

When working on IADL's with a child who has physical limitations, which approach is not recommended? a. adapt the environment to remove physical obstacles b. recommend home modifications when possible c. organize the home environment so that tools for particular jobs are located close to the job d. provide direct intervention in the state of the art kitchen at the clinic

a and c

0-year-old Matt falls when he tries to get on his bicycle. With what is he having difficulty? a. equilibrium b. protective c. righting d. a and c e. all of the above

picture exchange communication system (PECS)

A child with autism uses a series of pictures to communicate with you. What type of system is this? a. voice output communication aids b. picture exchange communication system (PECS) c. assistive technology d. point and speak

asking the adolescent about sexual activity

An adolescent with limited judgment and cognitive skills makes a sexual comment to the COTA. The proper responses do not include which of the following? a. asking the adolescent about sexual activity b. asking the adolescent to use words that are more polite c. reporting the incident to the registered OT d. reporting the incident to the adolescent's counselor

positioning her on the lap and bouncing her up and down

Anitra is a two year old with low muscle tone, flat emotions, and frequent lethargic. The C0TA who treats her has difficulty gaining Anitra's attention when trying to engage her in movement activities. What handling technique can facilitate increased tone, alertness, and activity level? a. slowly rocking with her position sideways in an adult-sized rocking chair b. wrapping her feet with a light flannel blanket c. tickling her feet d. positioning her on the lap and bouncing her up and down

seated in a chair with good support to the trunk

Arthur is a four-year-old with down syndrome who is beginning to work on bilateral midline hand skills. His low muscle tone causes him to fatigue quickly when working against gravity. What is a good positioning choice to help Arthur's fine motor play? a. long-sitting on the floor b. placement in a supine stander, reclined 30-40 degrees c. seated in a chair with good support to the trunk d. sitting independently on a bench

tight grasp

Brigit is an 8y/o girl who presses hard on the paper and frequently smears her letters and rips the paper. What do you expect to observe with her grasp pattern? a. dynamic tripod grasp b. grasp by the eraser c. tight grasp d. loose grasp

static balance

Charlie is a 10 month old with cerebral palsy who has difficulty sitting. With what is he having difficulty? a. equilibrium b. protective c. righting d. static balance

provide thorough written directions outlining all steps

When working on IADL's with children who have cognitive limitations, the OT practitioner will not do which of the following? a. divide tasks into smaller components b. provide visual to communicate each step c. provide positive reinforcement d. provide thorough written directions outlining all steps

simple snacks that require no heating

When working on meal preparation, what should you begin with? a. desserts that require no heating b. family favorites that require time in the kitchen c. simple snacks that require no heating d. comfort-type foods that require multiple steps

keep the session enjoyable and playful, encourage the child

When working with picky eaters, how should the OT practitioner introduce new foods? a. Be firm and demand the child to try something new each week b. Keep the session enjoyable and playful, encourage the child c. Provide only new items so the child has to eat them d. Ensure the child is hungry and then introduce only new items

play catch in a small group

Which activity is most suitable to use in OT intervention to help 3y/o's share? a. lecture on sharing b. play catch in a small group c. have only one toy available d. take toys away from the children

rigidity with rules

Which characteristic does not promote play and playfulness in children? a. positive reinforcement b. patience c. rigidity with rules d. sense of humor

try out silly things and have fun

Which characteristic of an OT practitioner promotes play in children? a. be serious b. keep activities the same for session to session c. insist that children use toys only in standard ways d. try out silly things and have fun

provide a list of homework assignments

Which classroom strategy is most helpful to a child with handwriting difficulties? a. allow the child to spend recess time writing homework assignments b. provide a list of homework assignments c. do not require a child to write at all d. require the child to write in neat, full paragraphs.

limits the child's movement

Which description is not a purpose of positioning? a. improve functioning b. eliminates skin breakdown c. limits the child's movement d. enhances socialization

sensory integration (SI)

Which frame of reference is the COTA using by engaging the child in a variety of motor activities to improve postural control, strength, and processing (e.g., obstacle course, rope swing, and net swing), followed by finding objects hidden in rice or sand? a. sensory integration (SI) b. educational c. biomechanical d. developmental

The child will share toys with another child at least twice during a 15-minute play session.

Which objective addresses playfulness as the intended outcome? a. the child will put on and button a shirt independently b. the child will share toys with another child at least twice during a 15-minute play session c. the child will ride a bike at least 20 yards in a straight line without falling d. the child will reach above his head 5x's during play

protective

Frank is unable to extend his hand quickly enough to prevent him from falling. With what reaction is he having difficulty? a. equilibrium b. protective c. righting d. static balance

righting

George is unable to sit in a regular chair because when he writes, he falls off the edge as soon as his hand moves past midline. With what is he having difficulty? a. equilibrum b. protective c. righting d. static balance

provides tactile sensation cut to stop

How does using raised-lined paper help children in their handwriting? a. provides tactile sensation cue to stop b. provides v/c to stay within the lines c. allows child to write larger d. keeps child's hand stabilized

placed on the strong hand

How is a single walking device positioned? a. placed on the weak hand b. always placed on the right c. placed on the preferred hand d. placed on the strong hand

form constancy

Kayla, a 7y/o 1st grader, is having trouble in school because her teacher says she does not try to write well. The COTA observed that Kayla had trouble with letter identification, especially when the letters were smaller than those on her desk. What type of visual perceptual skill does this describe? a. figure ground b. visual closure c. form constancy d. visual memory

visual perception

Marty is unable to distinguish a dime from a nickel. With what client factor is he most likely having difficulty? a. figure ground b. depth perception c. visual perception d. mathematical computation

Initiative

Mary is a 12y/o girl who is unable to begin her homework each evening. Her mother notices that once the child begins, she can continue. With what executive functioning is she experiencing difficulty? a. emotional control b. inhibition c. initiative d. shift

rough and tumble

Mike and Scott are wrestling in the water. Mike flips Scott, who goes under water. Scott gets up laughing and pushes Mike. In which type of play are they engaged? a. symbolic b. game and rules c. rough and tumblr d. sensorimotor e. both a and d

mega-cognitive training

The OT practitioner works closely with a teen, and they set realistic goals for an upcoming project. The practitioner helps the teen manage her time and asks the teen to assess how she is progressing at each session. What intervention strategy is the practitioner using? a. deficit specific training b. mega-cognitive training c. social skills training d. task-specific training

prevention

The OTA suggests that the school install a gate at the top of the stairs so the child can be safe. What type of effort is this? a. reasonable accommodation b. least restrictive learning environment c. prevention d. compensation

personal hygiene and grooming

The activity of obtaining and using supplies and washing, drying, combing, and trimming one's hair fall into what category? a. grooming b. personal device care c. personal hygiene and grooming d. toileting hygiene

yuki has her head upright

Yuki is a nine-year-old with spastic quadriplegia. Yuki's parents would like her to be able to participate in their weekly family game time. What is the most important point to consider when developing a positioning plan for Yuki? a. yuki has her head upright b. yuki is able to participate from her wheelchair c. yuki can easily move her wheelchair if she wants to leave the room d. yuki is safely secured with a lap belt

poor motor control

Raysor has difficulty writing. He hesitates when trying to continuously form letters. He does not understand where to begin writing on his paper. He sometimes begins at the bottom of the letter and sometimes at the top, despite frequent repletions of the letter. What type of problem does Raysor show? a. poor midline crossing b. poor motor control c. poor visual acuity d. tactile definsiveness

Diplegia

Stacey has increased muscle tone affecting only the lower half of her body. What type of cerebral palsy describes this pattern? a. diplegia b. hemiplegia c. monoplegia d. quadriplegia

ataxia

Stan has a type of cerebral palsy in which balance and fine motor functions such as coordination are impaired. What type of cerebral palsy is this? a. ataxia b. choreoathetosis c. hypotonia d. spasticity

smiling and frowning

Suck-swallow-breathe synchrony is not necessary for which of the following? a. eating without gasping b. smiling and frowning c. sleeping without drooling d. talking and singing

organization of material

Terry is a 14y/o girl who can never find her papers and does not know where to put her school supplies. She loses assignments in her backpack. With what executive function is she experiencing difficulty? a. emotional control b. organization of material c. self-monitoring d. working memory

increasing ROM in the UE

Terry, the COTA, plays "Simon Says" with Julie and asks her to raise her hands high above her head and to the sides. On which motor goal is she working on? a. increasing endurance b. increasing UE strength c. increasing FM skills d. increasing ROM in the UE

handling

The COTA positions her palm on the child's abdomen and back in an effort to help the child move from upright sitting to quadruped. What is the term used for what the practitioner is doing? a. handling b. intervention c. positioning d. weight-bearing

spontaneously scribble

The COTA, Marvin, is working with 3y/o Harvey on his pre-writing skills. Which skill would be the easiest for Harvey to accomplish? a. imitate a straight line b. copy a square c. spontaneously scribble d. draw a face

he is using a compensatory position to establish stability

The Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) observes a six-year-old child with cerebral palsy and high muscle tone using a W-sitting position on the floor at all times. What does this observation suggest about the child? a. he is developing normally b. he is using a compensatory position to establish stability c. he is using a position considered normal for an older child d. he is using compensatory position to establish mobility

play as the tool

The OT practitioner played a dress-up game in therapy to work on the child's goal to put on a shirt independently. What does this session illustrate? a. play as the goal b. play as tool c. backward chaining d. playfulness as the goal

biomechanical

The OT practitioner provided John with a variety of drawing activities that were fun and promoted hand skills, especially hand strengthening. These activities required that John manipulate a variety of materials (e.g., Play-Doh, clay, and sand sculptures). Which frame of reference was the practitioner using? a. sensory b. developmental c. educational d. biomechanical

developmental

The OT practitioner provided Trey with a variety of drawing activities that were fun and promoted hand skill. These activities were slightly challenging for Trey, based on his current level of functioning. What frame of reference was the practitioner using? a. developmental b. biomechanical c. educational d. sensory

absent or impaired righting and equilibrium responses

What is one of the problems seem most frequently in children with cerebral palsy? a. early integration of the primitive reflexes b. absent or impaired righting and equilibrium responses c. wide range of movement patterns d. excessive muscle strength

volition, intention, and intake neurologic system

What is required for a successful B&B management program? a. volition, intention, and intake neurologic system b. scheduling, planning, and follow through c. consistency, timing, and luck d. cognitive, visual-perceptual skills, and sensory awareness

hypertonic

What is the best way to describe muscle tone that is associated with atypical postural alignment and limited joint range of motion? a. flaccid b. hypotonic c. hypertonic d. weak

weight shift

What is the first event that must happen for a child to move? a. flexion b. extension c. rotation d. weight shift

remediation

The occupational therapy (OT) practitioner decides to help Molly feed herself by working on strengthening Molly's UE functioning. What type of approach is this? a. remediation b. adaptation c. compensatory d. strength based

auditory

Tiffany is a 10y/o girl who got in trouble in class for talking during free writing time. When confronted, she told the teacher she did not intentionally speak out loud, but it made the writing easier. What kind of learner is Tiffany. a. kinesthetic or tactile b. visual c. perceptual d. auditory

initiating forward movement while prone on scooter board

Tyrell is an eight-year-old with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy who has made great gains in head control and use of his arms and hands while positioned prone on a wedge. The COTA decides to have Tyrell try to use his skills at a more advanced level. Which activity is most likely to integrate his success with prone posture? a. self-feeding while seated on a bolster chair b. initiating forward movement while prone on a scooter board c. reading a story while prone on a wedge d. swimming with his classmate at school

establishing a sleep routine with family

Useful techniques to help special children develop sleep patterns include which of the following? a. allowing children to go to bed when they wish b. establishing a sleep routine with family c. having family ignoring the behaviors d. this is not the domain of OT

Hypotonia

What are children with cerebral palsy whose muscles appear very weak and soft and who have trouble sitting up independently exhibiting? a. Co-contraction b. Hypertonia c. Fixation d. Hypotonia

it improves legibility and reduces spelling errors

What are the benefits of keyboarding? a. it reduces eye strain and improves visual skills b. it strengthens UE strength and timing c. it improves legibility and reduces spelling errors d. it requires less memorization and little bilateral coordination

righting

What are the reactions called that bring the body back to midline position in the head into vertical position (such as, when an infant is tilted to the side and brings his head back to the middle)? a. equilibrium b. protective extension c. righting d. balance

design a sensory diet

What can an OT practitioner do to encourage sleep and rest patterns in children? a. design a sensory diet b. dictate a sleep schedule c. nothing can be done, this is not an OT issue d. prescribe herbal supplements

Following an exact sequence of motor skills

What component is not essential for the acquisition of motor skills? a. Inborn reflexive movement patterns b. Opportunities to practice and repeat movement c. Following an exact sequence of motor skills d. Feedback regarding the effectiveness of our actions

hand strength and neck and trunk extension

What does prone position facilitate an infants? a. hand strength and neck and trunk extension b. elbow extension and neck flexion c. trunk flexion, leg strength, and abdominal strength d. trunk extension and leg and hand strength

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

What guidelines must the OT practitioner follow when securing a wheelchair to a vehicle (e.g., school bus)? a. National highway traffic safety administration (PECS) b. American national standards institute (ANSI) c. Car seat manufactures d. AOTA

hips flexed forward

What is considered the optimal sitting position for children with cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia)? a. chair reclined for comfort b. hips extended back into chair c. needs extended into long sitting d. hips flexed forward

grading

What is the practitioner doing by moving the objects higher so that the child has to reach above his head to get them? a. remediation b. adaptation c. grading d. compensatory

sara will participate in a turn taking game with playmate for 5 minutes within 4 weeks

Which objective best reflects playfulness as the goal of the therapy session? a. Sara will participate in a turn taking game with playmate for 5 minutes within 4 weeks b. Sara will demonstrate increase FM skills as evidenced by her ability to dress and undress a barbie doll during play c. Sara will follow one-step verbal direction during play session d. Sara will show pleasure in activity as evidenced by completing her homework without getting out of her seat

model and facilitator

Which of the following best describes the role of the OT practitioner in promoting play in children with special needs? a. boss and facilitator b. coach and boss c. model and boss d. model and facilitator

use a strategy of practice, repetition, and simple directions

Which of the following is a remediation strategy that would help a child with motor planning deficit dress? a. let the child make mistakes and figure it out herself b. use a strategy of practice, repetition, and simple directions c. provide the child with clothes that require no buttons, zipper, or snaps d. talk to the child and remind her how to dress

eating and feeding

Which of the following is not considered an instrumental activity of daily living (IADL)? a. Care of pets b. Community mobility c. Eating and feeding d. Shopping

dynamic tripod

Which pencil grip is considered the most mature? a. crossed-thumb grasp b. dynamic tripod c. palmer grasps d. static tripod

slightly tilted forward

Which position benefits a child with increased trunk muscle extensor tone while standing in a Freedom stander? a. neutrally positioned b. slightly tilted backwards c. tilted back into supine position d. slightly tilted forward

watch children at all times

Which rule is the most important to ensure safety in a therapy session? a. cover electrical outlets b. watch children at all times c. cut out all hanging cords d. inspect toys and equipment regularly

Knox Preschool Play Scale

Which standardized assessment provides practitioners with an age-equivalent core of play skills? a. Test of playfullness (ToP) b. Knox preschool play scale c. Takata's Play Hx d. Transdiscplinary Play-Based Assessment

a team will decide if the child is able to manage the medications

Which statement best reflects the role of the OT when working with medication management and children? a. children should never be in charge of their medication b. children should bring all medications to school so the OT can look at them c. a team will decide if the child is able to manage the medications d. the OT can decide on his or her own to help the child manage medications

movement will improve through use of controlled sensory input only

Which statement is not emphasized in the dynamic motor control systems theories? a. movement will improve through use of controlled sensory input only b. movement will improve through use of sensory input and practice c. movement will improve if the individual is able to use feedforward when planning movements d. movement will improve when an individual has to move in many different types of situations

Spontaneity is an essential feature of play and should be fostered in the tx session

Which statement is true about the role of spontaneity on OT session? a. OT practitioners should provide structure so that spontaneity is limited in a tx session b. Children do not want flexibility and spontaneity. They enjoy when the therapist tells them what to do. c. Spontaneity is an essential feature of play and should be fostered in the tx session d. Spontaneity indicates the OT practitioner has not planned for the session well

this does not improve the child's knowledge

Which statement is true of repetition rote writing of spelling words for children with handwriting difficulties? a. this does not improve the child's knowledge b. this will help the child learn words c. this will help the child learn handwriting d. this is an excellent OT intervention

OT practitioners examine the role of play and expectations of the child

Which statement reflects the description of play as the occupation of the child? a. OT practitioners are interested in the individual abilities and disabilities with regard to particular tasks b. OT practitioners are interested in the psychological, not the physical aspects of play c. OT practitioners are interested in improving motor skills for occupation of play d. OT practitioners examine the role of play and expectations of the child

use detergent with a strong fragrance

Which strategy to help with dressing is not appropriate for a child with sensory processing issues? a. allow the child to pick his clothing b. cut out tags completely c. use detergent with a strong fragrance d. wash new clothing before child wears it

work quickly with the child

Which technique is not used to promote swallowing in children? a. position the child in a semi-reclined position b. provide a calm setting c. use vibration and quick stroking about lips d. work quickly with the child

extrinsically motivated

Which trait is not a characteristic of play? a. active involvement of the player b. child centered activity c. extrinsically motivated d. spontaneous

national highway traffic safety administration

Who provides the guidelines for safe transport of infants, toddlers, and young children who have special needs? a. National highway traffic safety administration b. AOTA c. Car seat manufacturers d. Health and human services

all of the above

Why do occupational therapy practitioners use positioning and handling techniques for children with cerebral palsy? a. maintain postural alignment b. facilitate improved movement patterns c. facilitate performance of activities of daily living d. both a and c e. all of the above

play is the method of intervention to work on hand skills

You are treating a 12-month-old-girl for delayed FM skills. During the treatment session, you pick out toys that encourage hand use. Your goal is for her to use a neat pincer grasp to pick up the small toys. Which statement best describes the role of play in the treatment of this child? a. play is the goal of the session b. play is the method of intervention to work on gross motor skills c. play is the method of intervention to work on hand skills d. play is being used to divert child's attention

improve overall function

what is the role of orthosis for children who have cerebral palsy? a. improve range of motion b. improve overall function c. decreased muscle tone d. decrease pain

feet on floor, desk slightly above elbow

which sitting position is most helpful for writing? a. feet on floor, desk on resting lap b. feet on floor, desk under armpits c. feet off floor, desk slightly above elbow d. feet on floor, desk slightly above elbow

children should assume a variety of positions

which statement correctly describes positioning? a. children should assume a variety of positions b. the ideal functional position is sitting c. positioning does not improve social interactions d. only children younger than one year sit on the floor