Peloponnesian War

What was the structure of Plato's republic?

A non-democratic society with a philosopher as king, with citizens in 3 groups: the ruling class, the warriors, and the farmers/artisans.

Who was a famous student of Plato and what was his most famous legacy?

Aristotle and the scientific method

Why was this war called the Peloponnesian War?

Because the southern part of the Greek peninsula was called Peloponnesus.

Who was leader of Athens during Peloponnesian War?

Pericles

Which philosopher was brought to trial and poisoned to death for "corrupting the youth of Athens" and "neglecting the city's gods"?

Socrates

Which widely admired philosopher encouraged Greeks to question everything and taught that we are responsible for our morals, values and actions?

Socrates

Who declared war?

Sparta

What attitudes led up to the start of the Peloponnesian War?

Sparta and Athens had always been opposites and had an uneasy existence. During the Golden Ages, Athens had grown in power and prestige, making many other city-states resentful, but especially Sparta. Athens was spending tax money from Delian League to beautify and strengthen Athens.

What was the name of Plato's most famous work?

The Republic

Name some of Archimedes inventions

The lever and the pulley (for moving heavy objects), a planetarium (to show planetary movements in space), the catapult

Name the three bodies of water that form the backdrop for the Spartan and Athenian war campaigns.

Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea

Who did Greeks turn to for understanding after the Peloponnesian War?

Philosophers...Aristotle, Plato, Socrates

What disaster killed one-third of the Athenians inside the city walls, including Pericles?

Plague

Which philosopher was a student of Socrates and wrote about his vision of a perfectly governed society, following Sparta's conquest of Athens?

Plato

Which radical philosopher questioned existence of Greek gods and also said there is no universal truth?

Protagoras, a Sophist

What was Spartan strategy against Athens?

Sparta was inland and hard to attack from sea. Sparta had the stronger army and marched into Athenian territory taking the Athenian food supply.

Who won the Peloponnesian War and how?

Sparta, by fighting with their new ally, Persia, crushed Athens into surrender in 404 B.C.

What are 2 basic rules for philosophers?

1. Universe is put together in an orderly way, with unchanging rules and laws. 2. People can understand laws of universe through logic and reason.

How long did Athens and Sparta continue to fight before both were worn down and signed a truce?

10 years

Why did so many great philosophic thinkers appear the defeat of Athens?

After their total defeat in the Peloponnesian War, Athenians to had lost confidence in democracy and were questioning all their values. They wanted deeper understanding of the universe.

Who fought against each other in the Peloponnesian War?

Athens and Sparta

Compare positioning of Athens and its allies to that of Sparta and its allies.

Athens and allies were spread out over all 3 seas. Sparta and allies were only along the Ionian Sea.

Between Athens and Sparta, which city-state seemed to have geographical advantage?

Athens because they had the most powerful navy and get food and supplies from allies by boat. They controlled the seas and could also attack and raid Spartas allies on the coast.

What event ended the peace truce between Athens and Sparta?

Athens sent a fleet carrying 20,000 soldiers to the island of Sicily to destroy Syracuse, one of Sparta's wealthiest allies.

What was Pericles strategy against Sparta?

Avoid land battles and use powerful Athenian navy to strike and raid supplies from Spartan allies on the sea.

What happened to Athens after Peloponnesian War?

Complete loss of empire, power and wealth. Decline of Greek city-states and democracy.

Characteristics of Athens

Creative, vibrant, focus on beauty and education, democratic rule

Characteristics of Sparta

Disciplined, focus on strength and military, aristocratic rule

Who was Archimedes?

Great Greek mathematician who figured out how to find volume and the principles of buoyancy.

What was Pericles response to Spartan attacks?

He brought all Athenians to safety inside the city walls. Brought food in on ships in their port.

What does "philosopher" mean?

Lover of wisdom