Pelvis - Testes, epidydimis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles

Lymphatic drainage of the testes?

Lymphatic drainage of the testes follows the testicular arteries to the para-aortic lymph nodes at the level of the L1 vertebra Scrotal skin to superficial inguinal nodes

What is the innervation of the testes?

- Sympathetic - T10-T11 - Parasympathetic - vagus -->Comes along the testicular a. as spermatic plexus Sensory innervation provided by lumbar plexus (L1/L2)

Describe the blood supply/drainage of the vas deferens.

Artery of the ductus deferens from the superior vesical artery from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery Veins of the ductus deferens drain into the pelvic venous plexus

Lymphatic drainage of the vas deferens?

Drains to ipsilateral external iliac lymph nodes

What are the microscopic features of the testes?

From outer to inner Tunica vaginalis - visceral and parietal layer, separated by thin layer of fluid - lined by mesothelial cells Tunica albigunea - dense fibrous tissue - projections of incoplete collagenous septa (dividing into lobules) Seminiferous tubules - lined by sertoli cells - contain spermatogonia/spermatocytes/spermatids - contain a basal layer of undiffernetiated germ cells - interistial cellls of leydig (produce testosterone) Rete testis - ductuli efferentes -> 15-20 small ducts that connect the rete testis to epididymis - lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium

Describe the macroscopic anatomy of the seminal vesciles?

Paired 5cm approx posterior to bladder, anterior to rectum, and superoposterior to the prostate terminal ductus deferens passes medial to the galnd peritoneum lies along most stuperior part closely related at the bladder but diverge superiorly surrounded by fibrous capsule it is a long coiled tube, broader superiorly and narrow inferiorly empty into ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct

Describe the course and macroscopic features of the vas deferens.

Paired mucular tube 45cm long function -> transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct Continuation of the epididymis at its tail runs in the spermatic cord, through the scrotum superiorly into the inguinal canal via the superificial ring, then out via the deep inguinal ring (it is relted to neurovascular structures here closely, as well as cremaster m) it then enters the abdominal cavity but is extra-peritoneal It travells laterally through the pelvis passes over (ANTERIRO TO) the ureter and posteroinferior to the bladder It unites with the the duct of the seminal vescile to form the ejaculatroy duct in the prostate.. The ejaculatory duct empties into the prostatic urethra.

What is the gross anatomy of the epididymis?

Primary funciton is collection, maturation and trasport of sperm via ductus deferens Paired Elongated lies on the posterlateral aspect of the testis Three subregions: head, body and tail total length 6-7 cm BUT tightly coiled and if uncoiled 6m Head is prominent, at superior pole head may have a small projection known as the appendix of epididymis. Tail narrower and found at inferior pole continue at its termination as the ductus deferens (vas deferens)

Describe the function of the seminal vesicles?

Produce seminal fluid 60% of total is produced by seminal vesicles

Microscopic features of seminal vesciles?

Pseudostratified columnar Two layers of smooth muscle (circular and longitudinal) surrounded by connective tissue

What are the microscopic features of the vas deferens?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (thrown into longitudinal folds permitting expansion during ejaculation) Lamina propria Muscularis -Inner longitudinal - Middle circular - Outer longitudinal

List the relations of the seminal vesicles.

Sup - ductus deferesn, peritoneum Ant -> bladder, prostate Post -> rectovesicle facsi, rectum medial -> ductus deferens, contralateral seminal vescile lateral -> prostatic venous prlexus

Describe the macroscopic features of the testes.

paired reproductive organ located within the scrotum approxo 4cm long, smaller in pre-puberty left hangs slightly lower than right function = produce sperm and hormones (testosterone) communciates with the epididymis for sperm transport epididymis intimately related to testes Average volume 12-19ml size decreases with age Internal structure - fibrous septa divide the testes into lobules 200-400 - each lobe contains seminiferous tubules (sperm develop here) - each seminiferous tubule empties into the rete testis, a network of channels within the medistinum testis, these then drain into the epididymis (at the superior pole of the testes) Outer layers - Tunica albuginea (tough fibrous capsule) - tunica vaginalis outside albuginea, doesnt cover the area where epididymis is but DOES cover the epididymis

What is the blood supply/drainage of the testes?

testicular/gonadal arteries -> branches of abdominal aorta, just below the origin of the renal arteries Teste is drained by pampiniform plexus which continues as testicular veins. The right drains direct into IVC The Left drains into left renal vein.

Microscopic features of the epididymis?

tube of smooth muscle lined by pseudostratified epithelium, microvilli tsingle layer of smooth muscle which transitions to three layers by the ductus deferens (inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal)