Penny Ch. 22, 23, & 24

A lemon-shaped skull is related to: a. Spina bifida b. Arnold-Chiari II malformation c. Thanatophoric dysplasia d. Both A and B e. All of the above

D

All of the following are consistent with a hydatidiform mole except: a. Heterogenous mass within the endometrium b. Bilateral theca lutein cysts c. Hyperemesis gravidarum d. Low hCG

D

All of the following would be associated with a lower-than-normal hCG level except; a. Ectopic pregnancy b. Molar pregnancy c. Blighted ovum d. Spontaneous abortion

B

Compared with a normal IUP, the ectopic pregnancy will have a: a. High hCG b. Low hCG c. Markedly elevated hCG d. High AFP

B

The second trimester typically refers to weeks: a. 12 through 26 b. 13 through 26 c. 10 through 28 d. 26 through 42

B

The sonographic finding of a fluid-filled cranium with absence of cerebral tissue is consistent with: a. Hydrocephalus b. Hydranencephaly c. Holoprosencephaly d. Schizencephaly

B

Typically, with a miscarriage, the serum human chorionic gonadotropin value will be: a. Elevated b. Decreased c. This laboratory finding is no helpful d. Unchanged

B

A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnancy patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically, a crescent-shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestational sac. The gestational sac contained a 6-week single live intrauterine pregnancy. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Ectopic pregnancy b. Molar pregnancy c. Subchorionic hemorrhage d. Anembryonic gestation

C

A strawberry-shaped skull is commonly associated with: a. Trisomy 21 b. Trisomy 15 c. Trisomy 18 d. Trisomy 13

C

What structure lies within the extra embryonic coelom? a. Gestational sac b. Embryo c. Yolk sac d. Amnion

C

The "sunburst" of the cerebral sulci is a sonographic finding of: a. Dandy-Walker malformation b. Agenesis of the corpus callosum c. Colpocephaly d. Hydranencephaly

B

The lack of sulci within the fetal cerebrum is a reliable indicator of: a. Agenesis of the corpus callosum b. Lissencephaly c. Schizencephaly d. Porencephaly

B

The most accurate measurement at estimating gestational age from the below list is: a. Biparietal diameter b. Head circumference c. Transcerebellar measurement d. Lateral ventricle

B

The most sever form of holoprosencephaly is: a. Lobar b. Alobar c. Semilobar d. Lobular

B

The condition in which the frontal horns are small and the occipital horns are enlarged is referred to as: a. Ethmocephaly b. Hydrocephalus c. Colpocephaly d. Encephalitis

C

The quadruple screen includes an analysis of all of the following except: a. Human chorionic gonadotropin b. Alpha-fetoprotein c. Inhibin A d. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

D (The triple screen is a blood test performed between 15 and 20 gestational weeks. It includes hCG, maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol. The quadruple screen adds an additional analysis of inhibin A)

A cloverleaf-shaped skull is related to: a. Trisomy 18 b. Meckel-Gruber syndrome c. Trisomy 13 d. Thanatophoric dysplasia

D

All of the following are produced by the placenta except: a. Alpha-fetoprotein b. Human chorionic gonadotropin c. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A d. Inhibin A

A

The anechoic midline brain structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles is the: a. Cavum septum pellucidum b. Cavum vergae c. Corpus callosum d. Fourth ventricle

A

The interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia) passes through the: a. Third ventricle b. Fourth ventricle c. Cisterna magna d. Cavum septum pellucidum

A

The structure located between the two lobes of the cerebellum is the: a. Cerebellar vermis b. Cerebellar tonsils c. Falx cerebri d. Corpus callosum

A

What is the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decimalized endometrium? a. Blastocyst b. Morula c. Zygote d. Ovum

A

What chromosomal aberration is most often associated with holoprosencephaly? a. Anophthalmia b. Trisomy 21 c. Trisomy 13 d. Trisomy 18

C

The most common cause of pelvic pain with pregnancy is: a. Ectopic pregnancy b. Heterotypic pregnancy c. Missed abortion d. Molar pregnancy

A

The most malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease is; a. Choriocarcinoma b. Hydatidiform mole c. Anembryonic d. Hydropic villi

A

The protein that is produced by the yolk sac, fetal gastrointestinal tract, and the fetal liver is: a. Alpha-fetoprotein b. Human chorionic gonadotropin c. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A d. Inhibin A

A

The triple screen typically includes an analysis of: a. Human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol b. Fetal nuchal translucency, alpha-fetoprotein, and inhibin A c. Human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and inhibinA d. Human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

A (The triple screen is a blood test performed between 15 and 20 gestational weeks. It includes hCG, maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol. The quadruple screen adds an additional analysis of inhibin A)

A myelomeningocele is associated with: a. Down syndrome b. Spina bifida c. Edwards syndrome d. Patau syndrome

B

All of the following are associated with an abnormal nuchal translucency except: a. Trisomy 21 b. Trisomy 16 c. Trisomy 18 d. Turner syndrome

B

What hormone, produced by the corpus luteum, maintains the thickened endometrium? a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. hCG d. LH

B

All of the following may be sonographic findings in the presence of an ectopic pregnancy except: a. Pseudogestational sac b. Corpus luteum cyst c. Adnexal ring d. Double sac sign

D (The double sac sign or double decidual sign denotes the typical appearance of the two distinct layers of decidua, the decidua capsularis-inner layer-, and decidua parietals - outer layer -, separated by the anechoic fluid-filled uterine cavity.)

What is the fetal presentation when the fetal buttocks are closest to the cervix referred to? a. Footling breech b. Frank breech c. Complete breech d. Transverse

B

Which of the following would most likely not be associated with an elevation in maternal serum AFP? a. Anencephaly b. Down syndrome c. Meningocele d. Myelomeningocele

B

Which of the following would not typically produce an elevation in human chorionic gonadotropin? a. Down syndrome b. Anembryonic pregnancy c. Triploidy d. Molar pregnancy

B

All of the following are midline brain structures except: a. Interhemispheric fissure b. Cavum septum pellucidum c. Lobes of the thalamus d. Third ventricle

C

All of the following are sonographic features of alobar holoprosencephaly except: a. Cyclopia b. Monoventricle c. Dorsal cyst d. Fused thalamus

C

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with ectopic pregnancy except: a. Decidual thickening b. Complex free fluid within the pelvis c. Bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cysts d. Complex adnexal mass separate from the ipsilateral ovary

C

During a first-trimester ultrasound examination, you note a cystic structure within the fetal head. This most likely represents the: a. Prosencephalon b. Mesencephalon c. Rhombencephalon d. Proencephalon

C

The anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck is the: a. Nuchal fold b. Nuchal cord c. Nuchal translucency d. Rhombencephalon

C

Elevation of the tentorium and an enlarged cisterna magna that communicates with a dilated fourth ventricle is consistent with: a. Arnold-Chiari II malformation b. Schizencephaly c. Mega cisterna magna d. Dandy-Walker malformation

D

Following an intracranial hemorrhage, a cyst is noted within the cerebrum that communicates with the lateral ventricle. This is referred to as: a. Schizencephaly b. Lissencephaly c. Holoprosencephaly d. Porencephaly

D

The choroid plexus cyst could be associated with an increase risk of: a. Trisomy 13 b. Trisomy 4 c. Arnold-Chiara II malformation d. Trisomy 18

D

The cisterna magna should not exceed _____ in the transcerebellar plane. a. 4 mm b. 2 mm c. 8 mm d. 10 mm

D

The double fold of dura mater used to divide the cerebral hemispheres is the: a. Cerebellum b. Cavum septum pellucidum c. Corpus callosum d. Falx cerebri

D

The normal gestational sac will grow: a. 2 mm per day b. 3 mm per day c. 1 cm per day d. 1 mm per day

D

The development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with: a. Holoprosencephaly b. Lissencephaly c. Schizencephaly d. Hydranencephaly

C

The first sonographically identifiable sign of pregnancy is the: a. Amnion b. Yolk sac c. Decidual reaction d. Chorionic cavity

C

The fourth ventricle is located: a. Posterior to the cavum septum pellucidum b. Between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles c. Anterior to the cerebellar vermis d. Medial to the third ventricle

C

The third ventricle is located: a. Anterior to the thalamus b. Anterior to the cerebellar vermis c. Between the two lobes of the thalamus d. Superior to the corpus callosum

C

Agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis results in what cerebral malformation? a. Arnold-Chiari II malformation b. Schizencephaly c. Mega cisterna magna d. Dandy-Walker malformation

D

All of the following are clinical findings consistent with a molar pregnancy except: a. Vaginal bleeding b. Hypertension c. Uterine enlargement d. Small for dates

D

All of the following are observed during a biophysical profile except: a. Fetal tone b. Thoracic movement c. Fetal breathing d. Fetal circulation

D

All of the following are sonographic findings of Arnold-Chiara II malformation except: a. Enlarged massa intermedia b. Hydrocephalus c. Obliteration of the cisterns magna d. Strawberry sign

D

Another name for the chorionic sac is the: a. Chorionic cavity b. Extraembryonic coelom c. Amniotic sac d. Gestational sac

D

Atypical facial features are most commonly associated with what cerebral abnormality listed? a. Dandy-Walker malformation b. Schizencephaly c. Lissencephaly d. Holoprosencephaly

D

The first definitive sonographic sign of an intrauterine pregnancy is the recognition of a/an: a. Yolk sac b. Embryo c. Decidual reaction d. Gestational sac

D

The third ventricle communicates with the fourth ventricle at the: a. Foramen of Magendie b. Foramen of Luschka c. Foramen of Monro d. Aqueduct of Sylvius

D

The trophoblastic cells produce: a. Estrogen b. Progesterone c. Follicle-stimulating hormone d. Human chorionic gonadotropin

D

Which of the following locations is most likely with metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease? a. Rectum b. Brain c. Spleen d. Lungs

D

Which of the following would not be decreased in the presence of Edwards syndrome? a. Estriol b. Human chorionic gonadotropin c. Alpha-fetoprotein d. All would be decreased

D