Perio Practice Exam Final

The older population tends to present other comorbidities along with periodontitis. Which of the following are examples of these types of comorbidities that occur with age? Rapid gene formation Cardiovascular disease Growth of brain cells Skin cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Which of the following is a common habit of patients who have gingivitis and gingival enlargement? Drinking coffee Bike riding Mouth breathing Running

Mouth breathing

Which of the following is an example of a condition that affects the cardiovascular system and could possibly influence periodontal infection? Renal insufficiency Myocardial infarction Metabolic syndrome Ankylosing spondylitis

Myocardial infarction

Staging describes the complexity of each case and incorporates which of the following elements? Severity of disease Association of gum recession Diagnosis of the problem Grading of the periodontitis

Severity of disease

Which of the following types of evidence is the highest/strongest level? Cross-sectional study Intervention trial Longitudinal study Systematic review

Systematic review

Which type of lesion roughly corresponds to what clinicians would refer to as "chronic gingivitis?" The initial lesion The early lesion The established lesion The advanced lesion

The advanced lesion

Which of the following key types of inflammatory mediators in periodontitis binds to cell surface receptors to trigger production of protein by the cell? Cytokines Prostaglandins Matrix metalloproteinases Chemokines

Cytokines

Which of the following medications can modify gingival diseases (i.e., gingival overgrowth)? Calcium channel blockers and anticonvulsants Antidepressants and NSAIDs Diuretics and alpha blockers Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors

Calcium channel blockers and anticonvulsants

What is the most common cause of abnormal gingival bleeding on probing (BOP)? Chronic inflammation Plaque biofilm buildup Fever and malaise Advanced age

Chronic inflammation

Which of the following is a probable mechanism of the cleansing function of saliva? Coating similar to gastric mucin Clearance of debris and bacteria Remineralization Mechanical protection

Clearance of debris and bacteria

What is true of how gingivitis progresses into periodontitis? Gingivitis will always progress to periodontitis. Gingivitis will progress to periodontitis only in individuals who are susceptible. Age and gender definitely play a role if gingivitis progresses into periodontitis. Periodontitis and gingivitis are synonymous terms so one always occurs with the other.

Gingivitis will progress to periodontitis only in individuals who are susceptible.

Which of the following is the term for the type of gingivitis that involves more than 30% of teeth? Marginal gingivitis Localized gingivitis Chronic gingivitis Generalized gingivitis

Generalized gingivitis

Which of the following is a dimension to the new classification system that enables clinicians to incorporate individual characteristics into the diagnosis and related treatment plans? Staging Grading Diagnosing Prioritizing

Grading

Periodontitis is defined as one or more sites with clinical attachment loss of ____ mm or greater and a pocket depth of ____ mm or greater. 4;4 4;2 2;2 2;4

4;4

The early lesion evolves from the initial lesion within about ______ after the beginning of plaque accumulation. 24 hours 7 days 2 weeks 1 month

7 days

Which of the following is the definition for evidence-based dentistry? The synthesis of all valid research that answers a specific question and that, in most cases, distinguishes it from a single research study. The integration of the best research evidence with our clinical expertise and our patient's unique values and circumstances. An approach to oral health care that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinically relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient's oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences. A structured process that incorporates a formal set of rules for interpreting the results of clinical research and places a lower value on authority or custom.

An approach to oral health care that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinically relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient's oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences.

Which of the following is a salivary component related to the buffering function of saliva? Bicarbonate Glycoproteins Lysozyme Immunoglobin A

Bicarbonate

Which of the following is part of the initial periodontal evaluation? Comprehensive periodontal examination Inquiry of new concerns or problems Extraction of hopeless teeth Assessment of outcome of nonsurgical therapy

Comprehensive periodontal examination

Which of the following is an example of a condition that affects cognitive function and could possibly influence periodontal infection? Dementia Myocardial infarction Pancreatic cancer Coronary heart disease

Dementia

Bleeding upon probing may be evident with what stage of gingivitis? Initial Beginning Early Middle

Early

Which of the following is an effect of smoking on periodontitis? Decreased gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing Decreased rate of tooth loss Increased prevalence of severity of periodontal destruction Increased prevalence of periodontitis with decreased number of cigarettes smoked per day

Increased prevalence of severity of periodontal destruction

Which of the following is true of chronic destructive periodontal disease? Marginal gingiva is unaffected. It is painful even when uncomplicated. It is associated with a chronic history. It is typically found in children.

It is associated with a chronic history.

Which of the following is a unique epithelial structure that has surface cells specialized for the purpose of the attachment to the tooth? Gingival epithelium Sulcular epithelium Junctional epithelium Dentogingival junction

Junctional epithelium

Which of the following is the term used to describe a microbial disease of the gingiva that most often occurs in an impaired host and has characteristic clinical signs of necrosis and sloughing of the gingival tissues? Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis Pericoronitis Localized gingivitis Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Which of the following 2018 periodontal classifications now encompasses the 1999 diagnostic category of "Abscesses of the Periodontium"? Periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions Periodontitis Peri-implant diseases and conditions Other conditions affecting the periodontium

Other conditions affecting the periodontium

Which of the following is not a cellular element found in sulcular fluid? Plaque Bacteria Leukocytes Desquamated epithelial cells

Plaque

Which of the following statements is true when discussing the correlation of pregnancy to gingivitis? The hormonal changes of pregnancy accentuate the gingival response Pregnancy makes women less susceptible to gingivitis because of altered immune responses The hormonal changes of pregnancy cause more bacterial plaque to form Pregnancy itself can cause gingivitis

The hormonal changes of pregnancy accentuate the gingival response

Rapid localized periodontitis usually results in attachment and bone loss around the _______ and ________, particularly in cases where the disease is observed in teenagers. incisors; first molars incisors; premolars cuspids; first molars premolars; cuspids

incisors; first molars

As gingivitis progresses, the amount of collagen destruction _________. decreases stays the same increases accelerates

increases