Period 5

True/False: Lincoln wanted to punish the south

false; he thought that that would serve no use and delay the healing of the nation

First battle of the civil war

fort sumnter

California entered the Union as a ____________state

free

Law which turned the North into a policing state for runaway slaves for the south

fugitive slave law

Explain Johnson restoration

had most southerners granted amnesty once they swore an oath of loyalty to the Union. High ranking confederate officials could be pardoned by applying personally to the president. This provision was johnson's attack on the wealthy leaders who he believed had tricked the people of the south into seceding. Only white who had sworn their loyalty and been pardoned would be allowed to vote. Before a state could reenter the Union, its constitutional convention had to denounce secession and abolish slavery. States had to ratify the thirteenth amendment on the constitution.

The freedmen's bureau

helped African Americans freed fro slavery. COngress and the president established a new government agency to help former enslaved persons. Was part of the war department that helped make the transition to freedom. The agency distributed food and clothing and provided medical services that lowered the death rate among freed men and women. It established schools and gave aid to new African American institutions of higher learning. This also helped Southerners who had supported the Union

Explain the Mexican-American war

immediate cause was a border dispute - Mexico and the U.S> disagreed over the southern border of the new US territory of Texas - Texas had recently been annexed by the U.S. - Mexico said that the border was at the Nueces River - The U.S. insisted it was at the Rio Grande - war ensued

After the Mexican-American war, what did texas support in regards to slaves

it because a slave state

What type of state (free or slave) does california become when it enters the union - Utah and New Mexico?

it becomes a free state - It would be decided later by popular sovereignty (the people)

What did the outcome of the Civil War say about the u.S

it stated that the nation was indivisible, larger than the sum of its parts

America has a God-given obligation to conquer land from coast to coast

manifest destiny

The Fugitive Slave Act

people were payed to bring slaves back to the south if they had successfully fled

Border ruffiers

people who came from the boarder (Missouri) (response with bleeding kansas

The idea that the people of a territory would get to decide the status of slavery

popular sovereignty

tenure of office act

prohibited the president fro mremoving government officials, including members of johnson's own cabinet, without the senate's approval

Importance of 'negro troops' of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment

- 1st regiment - helped the war effort and earned their freedom

Explain phase 3 of reconstruction

radical Republicans longest phase harsher in punishing south civil rights act of 1766 overturned the black codes (granted full citizenship to african americans and gave the federal government the power to intervene in state affairs to protect their rights; contradicted the 1857 dred scott decision of the supreme court) 14th amendment giving citizenship strengthening of the freedmen's burreau military reconstruction act of 1867 use wiith the marshall law to that federal military can oversee the local government (called the creation of new governments in the 10 southern states that had not ratified thefourteenth amendment. divided the 10 southern staes into 5 military districts; guaranteed african american males the right to vote in state elections and prevented formed confederate leaders from holding political office) carpet baggers: northerners traveling to south to profit from reconstruction scalawags: southerners who were simpathetic to the union The southern government was controlled by african americans ends as radicals loose power because society think the blacks were lacking in the progress that should have been doing

manifest destiny

referred to the movement of individuals to the west and alluding to the political extension of the U.S. territory - captured the fervor of the westward expansion movement, implying that it was God's plan that the u.S. take over and settler the entire continent

Battle which split the confederacy into two

siege of vixburg

What was the most divisive regional issue in the first half of the nineteenth century was _______________

slavery

What did the Mexican-American War result in

the U.S. gained a large part of northern Mexico

The Wilmot Proviso

the controversy of slavery came to the fore again as the U.S. gained additional territory following the Mexican-American war - Northern politicians tried unsuccessfully to ban slavery in territories that might be gained in the war by putting forth the Wilmot Proviso

During which presidential election was the annexation of texas a major issue

the election of 1844

what things did johnson veto

the freedmen's bureau and civil rights acts, arguing that the federal government was overstepping its proper authority - republicans in congress had enough votes to override both vetoes and the bills became law

reconstruction

the time when the devastated southern economy needed rebeilding

Importance of Lincoln's assasination

the u.s. reconstruction might have been very different

The house of representatives voted to impeach the president, so why wasn't he impeached

the vote was one short of the two thirds majority. several republicans voted not guilty because they did not believe a president should be removed from office for political differences

What was the Republican party position on slavery

they adopted the position that slavery should not be allowed to spread to the new territories

What, governmentally, did the tejanos hope for

they wanted a democratic government that gave less power to the central government; this was dashed when Texans declared independence frm Mexico and created the Republic of Texas

the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago

this formally ended the Mexican-American war - Mexico recognized the annexation of texas and ceded a vast territory - New territory= texas + New Mexico + california

a novel that told the slave experience through the victim's eyes

uncle tom's cabin by Harriet Beacher Stowe

List the four candidates, and their views, of the 1860 election

- Abe lincoln- republican. Says slavery should not be allowed in the new territories. He is not saying to get rid of it all together. - Douglas- wants popular sovereinty - Bell- thinks the federal government should support slavery and defend the Union Breckinridge- thinks the government must protect slavery * The election of 1860 demonstrated the fractured nature of the American political system on the eve of the civil war - Northern democrats: rallyed around the idea of popular sovereignty and nominated Stephen Douglas (carried only Missouri and part of New Jersey) - deep south: southern democrats who strongly endorsed slavery - Upper south: the consitutional Union which endorsed maintaining the Union and avoideing the slavery issue

Describe the view of Texans in response to the Mexican-American war

- Americans living in Texas were angry at Mexico - Texans had been fighting a war for independence against Mexico in 1836 and although texas won, the people that were in the alamo were all murdered, except for a few, and ten years later, many texans were happy to fight the mexicans again

What was the significance of Gettysburg

- Bloodiest battle - major union victory - last time confederate forces lead an attack into the North

What did Lincoln and Douglas argue in the Lincoln-Douglas debates? What was the importance of these debates?

- Douglas argued for popular sovereignty - lincoln argued that a house divided cannot stand - battled each other in face to face debates around the state of Illinois - huge crowds came to witness the debate - Douglas argued for popular sovereignty - made Lincoln a national star

The Dred Scott Decision

- Dred Scott v. sanford case involved the fate of a slave named Dred Scott - scott and his wife moved along with their owner into areas where slavery had been banned by the Northwest Ordinance - Scott sued for his and his wife's freedom on the grounds that they had lived for a time in free areas and that made them free - the court ruled that Scott was still a slave and did not even have the right to initiate a lawsuit - the court also ruled that congress had oversteped its bounds in declaring the northern portion of the Louisiana Purchase territory off-limits to slavery - it invalidated the Missouri compromise and declared that no African Americans, free or not, were entitled to citizenship in the U.S. because they were "beings of an inferior order" - stated that people had legal right to their property and that laws against slavery are unconstitutional

Convention of 1818 - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- Great Britain and U.S. had previously agreed on joint occupation of Oregon, but then they compromised with the border at the 49th parallel - The U.S. wanted to expand their land and complete the manifest Destiny

Importance of Atlanta

- It was a major railroad center of the South - capturing the railroad weakens the confederacy - helps presidential realection

List the states that were slaved states and fell under the Missouri Compromise

- Missouri, Oklahoma, Arizona, Louisiana

Florida - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- Pinckney's Treaty allowed for American trade along the Mississippi River: This willingness from Spain was apparent with how the U.S. and Great Britain acted after Jay's Treaty - The U.S. wanted the use of the Mississippi River for American shipping

Oregon Treaty - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- Polk negotiated the Oregon Treaty so the U.S. got lands south of the latitude 49ºN - The U.S. was looking to complete the Manifest Destiny ideology

Alaska - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- Purchased for about 7.2 million "THe Treaty with Russia" - Alaska had mines and minerals that greatly influenced trade. It was a good source of reveue

Describe the differences between bullet shapes of the Revolutionary war and the civil war

- Rev War: more circular, had an inaccurate shot, making the shooting range quite close - Civil War: more cylindrical creating a targeted accuracy

Importance of Abraham Lincolns reelection

- Showed the faith that people had in lincoln

Texas - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- The Texans wanted to become part of the U.S. after they became independent from Mexico - Many southern plantations wanted this land for more cotton production. others wanted to complete the manifest destiny

Gadsden Purchase

- The final land acquisition in what would become the continetal US - acquired from Mexico in 1853, five years after the Mexican War - added an additional area to the vast swath of land obtained by the U.S. following the war - The gadsden Purchase was sought by the uS as a possible southern route for a transcontinental railroad

What was the significance of the war begining

- The first instance of fighting meant that there was no going back. Lincoln made sure that the south attacked first and made the south the agressor

Mexican Cession - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo - The U.S. gained more land, including California, nevada, utah and parts of arizona new mexico, colorado and wyoming

Gadsden Purchase - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for a narrow strip of present day arizona and new mexico - it was sought out by the U.S> as a possible southern route for a transcontinental railroad

Describe the view of American Writers in response to the Mexican-American war

- Usually transcendentalists - many spoke out vehemently against the mexican-american war - Henry David Thoreau refused to pay his taxes and eventually went to jail. he didn't want his tax money to support a war that he believed was to extend slavery - most thought that it was not right for america to grow at the expense of fighting Mexico

What was the significance of the First battle of bull run

- before this there was romanticism for the war - all the romance of the CW is diminished after this - stonewall Jackson makes a name for himself

Describe the view of Abolitionists in response to the Mexican-American war

- believed taht the government just wanted to fight the war with mexico so that the south would have more territory to expand slavery - some believed that the only reason the U.S. wanted to fight the war was so that the South, and slavery, would be more powerful

Hawaii - How was it acquired? - Why did settlers want this territory?

- citizens voted to e annexed into the U.S. - Hawaii could be used as a good naval base as well as additional land to represent the U.S>

Describe the Missouri Compromise

- created a temporary, uneasy truce over slavery in new territories - Controversy arose between the slave-holding states and the free states in 1820 when Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state - At the time, there were 11 slave states and 11 free states - the admission of Missouri would have upset that balance - Compromise maintained the balance for free and slave states by allowing for the admission of two new states (missouri as a slave state and maine as a free state) - it also divided the remaining area of the Louisiana Territory at 36º30' north latitude. Above thatl ine, slavery was not permitted (except for in Missouri) below the line, it was permitted

What was the significance of draft riots

- created anger - shows that the south is unified and the north isnt

Describe the issue of Texas annexation during the election of 1844

- democratic candidate James K. Polk promised to push for Texas annexation as well as for a resolution to a border dispute with Great Britain over Oregon, offering something to both southern and norther votes - Democrats became more expansionistic and more proslavery than the whigs - John Tyler saw Polk's victory as a mandate for Texas annexation and pushed it through Congress

Importance of the burning of Atlanta

- destroys infrastructure, agriculture and southern moral - brings total war to the civilians and destroys livestock, etc to stop moral

Describe some strengths of the Union side

- far greater population - far greater military capacity - more diverse economy - extensive railroad network - had the capability to resupply its troops and to recruit reinforcements for fallen soldiers

Describe the before the turning point of the war and after

- first, the confederacy demonsytrated initiative and military skill, but the Union eventually found skilled military leadership and developed effective battlefield strategies - material advantages of the north began to play a more important role as the war progresses

How did the US government fund the war

- issued currency - borrowed money - levying new taxes * was the first time the government appealed to the public to purchase bonds in order to fund the war

Describe the emancipation proclamation

- lincoln waiting until he had achieved victory in the battle of Antietam - edict ordered the freeing of all slaves in REBEL-held territory - significantly exempted slaves in the loyal border states and in Union held ares of confederate states - the order clearly changed the goals and tenor of the war and made clear that this was as much a war for the liberation of the slaves as it was a war to preserve the union - Kept Robert E. Lee from directly threatening Northern industry and financial institutions - Great Britain and France abandon plans to recognize the Confederacy - Provided Lincoln with the big win he needed to announce the abolition of slavery

Describe the Gettysburg address

- major turning point in the civil war - lincol came to dedicate a military cemetery at the site - here lincoln asserted to ensure that there be a new birth of freedom

Describe the view of the Congressional opposition in response to the Mexican-American war

- many government officials staunchly opposed the idea of going to war in order to gain new territory - henry clay is an example - abraham lincoln stood up and attacked polk for starting an unnecessary war - the house of representatives passed a resolution condemning polk

Confiscation acts (1861)

- military measures that declared that any slaves pressed into working for the Confederacy could be taken as contraband of war/considered confiscated property. second acts allows for the seizure of the slaves owned by confederate officials

Importance of Vicksburg

- mississippi river was captured by the union

Describe the three-part strategy of the Union

- navy would blockade southern ports (the anaconda plan) to prevent supplies from reaching the south and southern products from being shipped abroad - divide the confederate territory in half by taking control of the Mississippi River - troops would march on the confederate capital of richmond, virginia and achieve victory

effects of the emancipation proclamation

- opened up the possibility of large-scale enlistment of African Americans - contributed to the Confederacy remaining isolated diplomatically on the international scene

effects on the south after the civil war

- region is completely devastates - south loses 1/4 of its white male population, 2/5 of livestock 50% of farm machinery - wealth of the south declines by 60% between 1860-1870 - fatherless children, women who never married - Mississippi spends 1/5 of its budget on artificial limbs in 1866

stricter fugitive law of 1850

- required officials to help retrieve runaways - perks for federal officials - required citizens to help catch and return slaves - fines for helping escaped slaves in any way - forms slave catchers and kidnappings

New York City Draft Riots

- resistance to war within the borders of loyal states - protests in new York city initially began against government draft offices where they were particularly angry about a law that allowed those who were drafted to pay $300 to avoid serving - protests turned violent

the beating of senator charles sumner

- senator Charles sumner from Massachusetts had given a pointed antislavery speech in which he singled out Senator Andrew Butler - butler's nephew, a south Carolina representative (preston Brooks) heard about the speech and attacked sumner at his desk in the senate chamber, beating him viciously with a heavy cane

What are the 3 elements of the anaconda plan

- take out coast - separate the south through the mississippi - invade richmond (capital)

List three proposals and plans for resolving the issue of slavery in the territories

- the compromise of 1850 - the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) - The Dred Scott decision (1857)

What were some factors as to why the union won the civil war

- the states that stayed in the union comprised a larger population and a larger industrial capacity than the secessionist states - the decision to shift the focus of the war from maintaining national unity to eradicating slavery also played a part in the Union victory in the Civil war

Describe the confederacy's strength

- they could fight a defensive war - did not have to invade and conquer the north in order to declare victory - south had a rich military tradition with able generals and a cohort of military men to draw from

How did the British decide to aid the Confederacy

- to ensure the steady flow of southern cotton, later they started receiving their cotton from India and withdrew their support

Bleeding Kansas

- violence erupted in Kansas as pro-slavery and anti-slavery men fought for control of the state - elections were held for a territorial legislature - each side wrote up a constitution

caning of charles sumner

- violence in Kansas over slavery spilled over into Congress - senator charles sumner had delivered an inflammatory and insulting speech about he crime against kansas - sumner was beaten on the head with a stick by South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks

Importance of the Gettysburg Address

- was very motivational - commended the efforts and arguing continuation until completion of the war. - Boasted the north's moral

Describe the view of Southern Plantation Owners in response to the Mexican-American war

- were worried about the growing differences between the North and South - concerned that as the population of the north kept growing, they would eventually vote to ban slavery everywhere and so they thought it was essential that more territory be acquired where Southerners could exercise their constitutional right to bring their slaves and farm the land

13th amendment + loopholes

13th amendment: slavery abolished loophole: blacks convicted of petty crimes vagrancy laws: allowed authorities to arrest black in "idleness" sharecropping: farmer receives land, seed, clothes and credit but he must pay it back with income sale and many were illiterate so they could never repay the money back

Columbus found the Americas date

1492

14th amendment + loopholes

14th amendment: gives citizenship to those born in the U.S. loopholes: separate but equal plessy vs. ferguson (1896)

15th Amendment + loopholes

15th Amendment: blacks right to vote loopholes: poll tax: need to pay it to vote pass a literacy test grandfather clause: allowed to vote if father or grandfather voted

establishment of Jamestown Virginia date

1607

First record of beginning of slavery date

1619

Proclamation Line and treaty of Paris date

1763

American Revolution dates

1765-1783

Articles of Confederation dates

1777-1781

Treaty of Paris date

1783

Era of Good Feelings dates

1815-1825

Missouri Compromise (year and description)

1820 - In the U.S. there was currently equal power betweeen free states and slave states. - When Missouri applied for statehood, this balance was to change - to balance it, the u.s. compromised and made Maine its own state (it was part of mass. at the time) - Maine: free - Missouri: slave

When did Mexico become independent?

1821

Corrupt Bargain Election date

1824

Jackson's presidency

1829-1837

When was Texas annexed by the U.S.

1844

Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo

1848, the Mexican government gave up its claims to the disputed territory in Texas and agreeing to sell the provinces of California and New Mexico, known as the Mexican Cession, to the U.S. for $15 million - territory includes present-day California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Arizona, new Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming

Explain phase 1 of reconstruction

1863-1865 Lincoln (keeps a neutral voice) 10% plan (amnesty for south) Freedman's Bureau 13th amendment (abolishing slavery) Wade-Davis Bill is bushed, but Lincoln vetoes it ends with Lincoln's assassination

How long was Texas independent for

9-10 years (1836-1846)

siege

An attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort

Why did cotton growers seek new land in the new Southwest

As cotton became increasingly profitable, gorowers often depleted the soil through over-cultivation

Why did Presidents Andrew Jackson and Van Buren refuse to support annexation

Because both of them feared that adding a slave state might spark a huge political fight that could split the Union

Describe the negotiation of the Oregon Border

Both Great Britain and the U.S. laid claim to the lands of the Pacific Northwest - in 1818, they have agreed on a joint occupation of the oregon country but in 1844 politicians pushed for sole U.S. ownership of the entire oregon country, the northern boundary of which was the north latitude line at 54º40' - 1846, Polk administration compromised and established the border at the 49th parallel, the current boundary between the western U.S. and Canada

The compromise of 1850

Calfifornians wrote up a constitution to submit to congress in which slavery would be illegal - southern senators objected to the admission of an additional free sate compromise admitted california as a free state, pleasing northern politicions, and a more stringent Fugitive slave law, pleasing southern politicians - allowed New Mexico and Utah to decide the question of slavery based on popular sovereignty Stephen Douglas, a democratic senator from Illinois, proposed unbundling the legislative package and voting each measure separately - this showed that compromise was not a good solution to the sectional conflicts as it pushed many moderates toward more radical positions

What was the significance of Robert E. Lee

Commander General of Confederacy because the south is his birthplace. He is a great general

California enters union as free state; texas gets paid $10 million for disputed territory with New Mexico

Compromise of 1850

Plan of war for the South

Defend their land until the northerners are tired of fighting. Used help from European countries

Supreme Court decision that essentially allowed for the legalization of slavery in the US by stating that laws could not deprive individuals of their property

Dred. Scott case

Passed as a war measure by lincoln

Emancipation proclamation

True/False: The Wilmot Proviso became law

False

True/False: The moment Lincoln writes the Emancipation Proclamation he publishes it

False, he waits until antietam to use the momentum of this win to bring forth the change

True/False: Lincoln knew this war was going to be long and tiresome

False; he thought it would be quick

True/False: John Brown was pro-slavery

False; he was anti-slavery

True/False: The annexation of texas eased tensions with Mexico

False; it increased them because Mexico had nevy formally recognized Texan independence. The Mexican government claimed that the souther boundary of texas was the Nueces River. - Because Mexico had very little military presence in California, all of southern california was also unde American control

Give weakness, leadership wise, of the confederacy

George McClellon

This battle was the last time Robert E. Lee's forces led an offensive in the North

Gettysburg

A document that states the states the reason for a person's imprisonment.

Hableas Corpus

Why did the Democratic President Andrew Jackson blocked the annexation of texas when they first sent the delegate to offer

He did not want to add to sectional tensions by admitting a large slave state - he also did not want to open the contentious debate that would accompany teas annexation

What did William Lloyd Garrison believe about the constitution

He insisted that the constitution protected slavery and should be condemned

Which party was Abraham Lincoln a part of

He was a republican

What helped the West grow rapidly

Improvements in transportation such as roads, canals, and railroads

What was the significance of South Carolina seceding

It breaks the Union, formation of confederacy and domino effect with other southern states

What was the significance of Abraham Lincoln elected

It was the tipping point for secession of many S> states

Explain Uncle Tom's Cabin in relation to slavery

It was written by Harriet Beecher Stove who wrote about the evils of slavery. - This made slavery more of a real issue - fredrick Douglas becomes more well known

Describe the opinions of the candidates of the 1844 election, in response to the annexation of texas and what happened after

John Tyler favored the annexation, but he was unpopular - the Whigs nominated Henry Clay who hoped to avoid the issue - Polk, the democratic candidate, called for the annexation of Texas and Oregon (which was held partly by Britain) - Polk won the election and Tyler asked Congress to annex Texas - president polk negotiated a treaty with Britain to divide Oregon

Who shoots Abraham Lincoln

John Wilkes Booth

What is the importance of Edwin stanton

Johnson suspended him. when the senate met and refused to approve the suspension, Johnson removed stanton from office, deliberately violating the tenure of office act

overturned the missouri compromise

Kansas- Nebraska act

Radical Republican's plan of reconstruction

Leader Thaddeus Stevens declared that Southern institutions must be broken up and relaid or the war will have been in vain. Congress voted to deny seats to representatives from any state reconstructed under Lincoln's plan

Explain phase 2 of reconstruction

Led by andrew Johnson who is more lenient towards the south pardoned all south minus the really wealthy he wanted to accept the 13th amendment introduction of black codes end when congress comes back into session

Describe the outcome of the 1860 election

Lincoln won 40% of the popular vote, but carried the electoral vote, winning virtually all the states of the North, as well as California and Oregon

Give some causes for the drive for the westward expansion

Many americans came to believe that the economic growth and security of the U.S. depended on expansion - the drive expanded was fueled by a set of beliefs around race and culture that saw nonwhites in an inferior light

The 4 slaves states that did not break away from the union

Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri

The inept general of Union forces

McClellan

What directions did the North and the South go economically?

North- developed banking, manufacturing, and shipping industries South- focused on increasings its cotton production

wade davis bill

Passed by congress which offered a plan much harsher than Lincoln's. The majority of white males in the state had to swear loyalty to the Union and a state constitution convention could be held, but only white males who swore they had never taken up arms agains the Union could vote for delegates to this convention. The convention had to adopt a new state constitution that abolished slavery and only then could the state be readmitted to the Union (was vetoed)

Which groups were most eager to go to war (mexican-american war)

Pro-manifest destiny, Southern plantation owners, texans

explain phase 4 of reconstruction

Redeemers 1872-77 ku klux klan forms freedmen's bureau closed in 1872 southern wing of democratic party amnesty act gave the rights to hold office and the south government returned to white democratic rule where blacks vote in smaller groups race hatred and violence used to prevent the legal and social equality of blacks lunching used democratic party because the white man's party compromise of 1877: if Hayes wins, he will take northern troops out of the south

What was the cry of texan independence

Remember the Alamo

Why was the South becoming increasingly isolated from the north and the Midwest, despite Henry Clay's attempt to foster unity

Roads and railroads connected the North and the Midwest but tended to bypass the South - patterns of migration connected the North and the Midwest culturally - Farmers, artisans, and laborers living in New England, New York or Pennsylvania were far more likely to venture toward Ohio or Illinois than they were to go to Souther Carolina or Mississippi

What religion did austin and his colonists agree to have when thee became mexican citizens

Roman Catholic

Who was the president of the new Republic of Texas

Sam Houston, who hoped that the U.S. would annex (add on) to the U.S.

Who supported the annexation of texas/why?

Southerners; they wanted texas as a slave state

Tejanos

Texans of mexican descent

Why did American settlers come into conflict with the Mexican government and what did Mexico do to try to combat this

The American south wanted to grow cotton in Texas, but Mexico had abolished slavery. In 1830, Mexico banned further American settlement but that didn't stop the Americans. Mexico tried to enforce the laws by banning slavery and requiring settlers to worship in the catholic church. They also began to levy heavy taxes on american imports

While the south was trying to secede, what did they call themselves

The Confederate States of America

The name of the negro regiment under colonel saw

The Massacusetts 54th regiment

What party started to form as the Whigs collapsed

The Republican party

Gadsden Purchase of 1853

The U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for a narrow strip of present day Arizona and new mexico

What was an important catalyst for the Mexican-American war (1846-1848)

The annexation of texas

What was the significance of Antietam

The bloodiest DAY of fighting - Great Britain and France decide that they will not recognize the confederacy - it is the first important victory of the union - firing of MCClellan

What was an element in the development of regional pride inthe South

The defense of slavery

Name one major draw to westward migration

The discoveries of mineral resources in the West - THe various discoveries of gold and silver from 1848-188s led to a repeated pattern of rushes, boomtowns, and economic consolidation, as lone prospectors and crowds of fortune seekers gave way to industrial-mining operation - reinforced contemporary notions of race

What expanded the focus of the civil war from preserving the union to emancipating the slaves?

The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation

Who was opposed to the annexation of texas

The northerners, but they still hoped for western expansion

What was the spark that ignited the Civil War

The presence of U.S. troops at Fort Sumter

Describe the view of pro-territorial manifest destinyin response to the Mexican-American war

The settling of texas and other western areas played a major role in the war between America and Mexico - history showed how america had constantly expanded westward - the idealistic concept of manifest destiny convinced many americans to move wests - this belief and the desire to spread the light of democracy and progress to the pacific ocean, was embraced by many citizens of the period - some U.S. settlers wanted the opportunity to sell the newly acquired land at high prices when it became part of the u.S. especially because there were plentiful trade opportunities as well as a lack of established local government out Est.

During the antebellum period, who did the Senate tend to be friendlier to

The slave system. The southern states had more poweri nthe senate than they did in the population-based house

`What did the Know-Nothing Party divide over

The slavery issue

Why did tensions between the Mexicans in Texas and American settlers develop

The texas settlers routinely flouted Mexican law Wars were fought and Texans won independence from Mexico, establishing the independent Lone Star Republic in 1836

What was the significance of Lincoln's Emancipation

The war to preserve the Union now becomes a revolutionary struggle for the abolition of slavery

What did the Liberty Party believe about the Constitution

There was the idea that the Constitution was an antislavery document and that the U.S. should live up to the ideas contained in it

What was South Carolina's argument to secede?

They argued that the Union had broken constitutional laws so it was their right to secede if they deemed necessary

What did the north think of johnson's restoration plan

They thought it was robbing the union of its hard-won victory

Why did Americans first begin moving into the Mexican territory of Texas in the 1820s?

They were mostly southern whites who hoped to dupicate the plantation model from the Old South - Texas was an abundance of affordable land that could be used for cotton cultivation

Describe John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry

This was a failed attempt to start a slave revolt. He hoped to inspire local slaves to join a revolution that would destroy slavery in the south - He was executed, but he became a martyr

Allows U.S. to acquire Texas, New Mexico, and Utah territories

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

True/False: Frederick Douglass was an important figure before, during and after the Civil War

True

True/False: democratic party was proslavery

True

True/False: Lincoln never recognizes the confederacy

True; he refers to them as the states in rebellion

explain the presidential election of 1868

Ulysses S. Grant was the presidential candidate against the democratic horatio seymour. Grant won the election, receiving ost of the votes of African Americans in the South

Lincoln's 10% plan

When 10% of the votes of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the state could form a new government and adopt a new constitution which banned slavery

What is the official end of the civil war

When Lee surrenders his Confederate Army to Grant at the village of Appomattox Court house in Virginia.

popular soverignty

When Senator Lewis Cass proposed a compromise measure on the question of slavery in the newly acquired territories - idea of the question of slavery would be left to the people of a particular territory - congress failed to act on his idea, but popular sovereignty became an important issue in the 1850s

Wilmot Proviso

a bill from the North to stop the expansion of slavery - it did not get passed

Give the three arguments lincoln made in his first inaugural address

a. If one state can get out that means the system is even worse than before the articles of confederation. This dissolves the perpetually of the Union b. the union is a contract and if one wants to secede, everyone needs to agree c. more unites us then divides us (revolutionary war, etc)

Which groups were least eager to go to war (mexican-american war)

abolitionists, american writers, congressional opposition

When did the president see that this would not be an easy victory

after the first battle of bull run

Who did Lincoln offer amnesty to

all white southerners, except confederate leaders, who were willing to swear loyalty to the Union

word meaning to join or to include

annex

the bloodiest single day of fighting in the war

antietam

pro-slavery ruffians battling with northern abolitionists to determine the fate of slavery in Kansas

boarder ruffians

The Kansas-Nebraska act

divided the northern section of the louisiana purchase territory into two organized territories (Nebraska and Kansas) - allowed for the possibilty of slavery in the territories of K and N, areas that had been closed to slavery by the Missouri COmpromise - mandated that the question of slavery in these territories be decided by popular sovereignty * Many northerners were angry at the act and at Douglas - creation of the Republican party