Period 5 Review perry
Minor v. Happersett
A Supreme Court decision in 1875 that ruled that suffrage rights were not inherent in citizenship and had not been granted by the Fourteenth Amendment, as some women's rights advocates argued.
Wade-Davis Bill
A bill proposed by Congress in July 1864 that required an oath of allegiance by a majority of each state's adult white men, new governments formed only by those who had never taken up arms against the Union, and permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders.
U.S. v. Cruikshank
A decision in which the Supreme Court ruled that voting rights remained a state matter unless the state itself violated those rights.
carpetbaggers
A derisive name given by ex-Confederates to northerners who, motivated by idealism or the search for personal opportunity or profit, moved to the South during Reconstruction.
Slaughter-House Cases
A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
A law that required "full and equal" access to jury service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race.
Andrew Johnson
A man from Tennessee who was added as Lincoln's running-mate in 1864 to sew up the election by attracting War Democrats and the Border States.
Ten Percent Plan
A plan proposed by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, but never implemented, that would have granted amnesty to most ex-Confederates and allowed each rebellious state to return to the Union as soon as 10 percent of its voters had taken a loyalty oath and the state had approved the Thirteenth Amendment.
Freedman's Savings and Trust Company
A private bank founded in 1865 that had worked closely with Freedmen's Bureau and Union army across the South.
Union League
A secret fraternal order in which black and white Republicans joined forces in the late 1860s.
Civil Rights Cases
A series of 1883 Supreme Court decisions that struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875, rolling back key Reconstruction laws and paving the way for later decisions that sanctioned segregation.
Credit Mobilier
A sham corporation set up by shareholders in the Union Pacific Railroad to secure government grants at an enormous profit.
National Woman Suffrage Association
A suffrage group headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony that stressed the need for women to lead organisations on their own behalf.
"Redemption"
A term used by southern Democrats for the overthrow of elected governments that ended Reconstruction in many parts of the South.
The long-range plan of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to: A. Achieve colonial unity in common defense against French threat B. Propose independence of colonies from Britain C. Declare war on the Iroquois tribe D. Prohibit new England in New York from trading with the French West Indies E. Support George Washington's desire to head to colonial militia
A. Achieved colonial unity in common defense against French threat
In 1865 a number of southern state passed Black Codes in order: A. Control movement and provide a stable workforce for the plantations B. Keep the two races segregated in public places C. Limit the educational opportunities recently of freed slaves D. Embarrassed President Johnson's administration E. Convince the north that the cells could solve its own problems
A. Control movement and provide a stable workforce for the plantations
A political effects of fighting Kansas in 1855 and 1856 was to: A. Further divide the Democratic Party B. Cause the founding of the Republican Party C. Gain increased congressional support for proslavery forces in Kansas D. Unite Northern and Southern Democrats against Republicans E. Elect a Republican president in 1856
A. Further divide the Democratic Party
Which of the following is a correct statement about the Wilmont Proviso? A. It forbade the introduction of slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico B. It denied President Polk additional funds to conduct the war with Mexico C. It compromise differences between the north and the south D. It passed both houses of Congress but was vetoed by the president E. It was proposed by the Whigs to embarrass the Democrats
A. It forbade the introduction of slavery into territory acquired from Mexico
The Republican Party originate in the mid 1850s as a sectional party committed to which of the following? A. Opposition to the further expansion of slavery into the territories B. Immediate emancipation of slaves C. Repeal of whig economic policies D. Restriction of immigration E. Acknowledgment of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories
A. Opposition to the further expansion of slavery into the territories
Of the following, the most threatening problem for the union from 1861 to 1863 was: A. Possible British recognition of the Confederacy B. Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo C. French objections to the Union blockade D. British insistence of the abolition of slavery E. British objections to the union position of "continuous voyage"
A. Possible British recognition of the Confederacy
"Forty acres and a mule" refers to: A. The proposal to make freed slaves small scale farmers B. The terms of Homestead act of 1862 C. The allotment given to the Native Americans under the Dawes Severalty act D. The inducement given recent immigrants if they would settle outside of urban centers E. A typical homestead on the great plains in the 1870s
A. The proposal to make freed slaves small scale farmers
Early years of reconstruction, an important function of the Freedmen's bureau was: A. The protection of the economic rights of former slaves B. Register former slaves to vote C. Establish schools for free blacks in the north D. To encourage freed slaves to migrate to the north E. The prosecution of plantation owners who had abused their slaves
A. The protection of economic rights of former slaves
Which of the following was NOT a major consequence of the US war with Mexico? A. US annexation of Texas B. Long term Mexican resentment against the United States C. Securing Texas' southern border on the Rio Grande D. Increased sectional tensions over slavery E. Cession of California and New Mexico in the United States
A. US annexation of Texas
Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel which brought home the evils of slavery to many in the north was: A. Uncle Tom's Cabin B. The Impending Crisis C. Twelve Years a Slave D. Below the Mason-Dixon Line E. The Yellow Rose of Texas
A. Uncle Tom's Cabin
Enforcement Laws
Acts passed in Congress in 1870 and signed by President U.S. Grant that were designed to protect Freedmen's rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.
Ulysses S. Grant
An American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
An act that divided the conquered South into five military districts, each under the command of a U.S. general.
American Woman Suffrage Association
An organisation led by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party, despite its failure to include women's rights in the Reconstruction Amendments.
During the Civil War, African-Americans in the North: A. Were not allowed to join the union army B. Fought in segregated regiments C. Were allowed to join the union army but saw no combat D. Were integrated into white regiments E. Were are permitted to select their own officers
B. Fought in segregated regiments
The Confederate government was able to achieve which of the following goals? A. Recognition of a foreign power B. Frequent victories over Union armies C. A stable monetary system D. Strong central government E. Control over the southern River system
B. Frequent victories over Union armies
Which of the following was LEAST important issue in the election of 1844? A. Settlement of the Oregon border B. Acquisition of California C. Re-chartering the Bank of the United States D. Reducing of the Tariff E. Annexation of Texas
C. Re-chartering the Bank of the United States
The results of the Mexican American war included: I. Acquisition of California by the United States II. Important military experience that would be good to use in the Civil War III. Contempt for the abilities of the U.S. Navy IV. Extension of the 36° 30 minute slavery wine to the Pacific Ocean A. I only B. I and II only C. I and IV only D. I, II, and III only E. I, II, and IV only
B. I and II only
The Lincoln-Douglas debate resulted in all of the following EXCEPT: A. Lincoln's emergency as a national political figure B. Increased support for Douglas in the south C. Douglas' reelection to the Senate D. Douglas's attempt to reconcile popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision E. Increase public awareness of slavery as a moral issue
B. Increased support for Douglas in the south
Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas? A. It tried to sell Texas to the United States at the time of the Louisiana purchase. B. It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and early 1830s. C. It governed Texas with stringent regulations in the 1820s. D. It encouraged the establishment of the strong local government in Texas in the mid-1830s. E. If favored the annexation of the republic of Texas by the United States in 1830s and early 1840s.
B. It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and early 1830s.
Which of the following statements about the Dred Scott decision is correct? A. It recognize the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott. B. It stated that black people were not citizens of the United States. C. It upheld the constitutionality of Missouri compromise. D. It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. E. It freed Scott, but not other slaves and circumstances similar to Scott's.
B. It stated that black people were not citizens of the United States.
The republican reconstruction governments in the south accomplished all of the following EXCEPT: A. Developing state supported public schools for whites and blacks B. Reducing waste and corruption in local and state governments C. Founding stay institutions to care for the sick and handicapped D. Building of roads, bridges, harbors, and railroads E. Adopting liberalized state constitutions
B. Reducing waste and corruption in local and state governments
The Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 increased sectional tension because it: A. Enriched Northern railroad investors at the expense of the South B. Reopen the issue of slavery in a territory of North 36, 30 C. Supported proslavery state constitutions in Kansas and Nebraska D. Repealed the Compromise of 1850 E. Persuaded the Whig party to side with the South
B. Reopen the issue of slavery in a territory North of 36,30
All the following were factors in the defeat of the south in 1865 EXCEPT: A. shortages caused by the Union's naval blockade B. Slave uprising against Southern plantations C. Grants war of attrition in Virginia D. Sherman's march through Georgia E. The Confederacy's failure to obtain foreign intervention
B. Slave uprising against southern plantations
In the 1860 election, what was the position of Lincoln and the Republican Party on slavery? A. Slavery was immoral ad should be abolished immediately B. Slavery should not be allowed to expand into the territories C. Popular sovereignty would be allowed in the new territories north of 36,30 D. The Dred Scott decision should be supported in the territories but not in the states E. The federal government should act to bring about the gradual emancipation of slaves in the south
B. Slavery should not be allowed to expand into the territories
The "redeemers" in the south supported: A. Integrated schools and public places B. States' rights and white supremacy C. Increased state spending for internal improvements D. Continued cooperation with the military to protect the freedmen E. Redemption of greenback dollars with gold
B. States' rights and white supremacy
Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" A. Congresshas the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist.term-3 B. The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or term-1not slavery will be permitted there. C. Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. D. The American people shall decide where slavery will exist through national plebiscite. E. Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.
B. The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether not slavery will be permitted there.
All of the following contributed to the conflict between Mexico's government and settlers in Texas in the early 1830s EXCEPT: A. The collection of import duties B. The support for annexation by John Tyler and James Polk C. Mexico's decision to abolish slavery in its territory D. Mexico's law requiring acceptance of the Catholic faith E. The coming of power of general Santa Anna
B. The support for annexation by John Tyler and James Polk
The most common form of resistance on the part of black American slaves prior to the Civil War was: A. Violent uprisings in which many persons were killed B. Attempts to escape and reach Canada by means of the "Underground Railroad" C. Passive resistance, including breaking tools and slightly slowing the pace of work D. Arson of plantation building and Cotton gins E. Poisoning the food consumed by their white masters
C. Passive resistance, including breaking tools and slightly slowing the pace of work
The Friedmans bureau provided all of the following EXCEPT: A. Food, shelter, and medical aid for the victims of the war B. Resettlement of some freed slaves on confiscated lands C. Protection from sharecropping agreements D. Schools to promote literacy among blacks E. College for blacks
C. Protection from sharecropping agreements
Which of the following best describes an immediate effect of the Emancipation Proclamation? A. Slaves in the border states became free B. Slaves in the Deep South became free C. Abolition of slavery in Confederate territory became one of the North's war goals D. Lincolns reelection was assured E. Draft riots arrested in New York City
C. Abolition of slavery in Confederate territory became one of the North's war goals
Reconstruction legislation passed by Congress included all the following EXCEPT the: A. Tenure of Office Act B. Civil Rights Act of 1856 C. Black Codes D. First Reconstruction Act E. Reconstruction Act of 1866
C. Black Codes
Which of the following was NOT provided for African Americans by congressional reconstruction? A. Guarantee of US citizenship B. Equal protection if the laws C. Distribution of confiscated confederate farmlands D. Protection for voting rights E. Equal access to public accommodations
C. Distribution of confiscated Confederate farmlands
Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to: A. Train lawyers and doctors B. Encourage scientific advances C. Ensure an adequate supply of ministers D. Prepare young men for political leadership E. Preserve the traditions of classical scholarship
C. Ensure adequate supply of ministers
For the period from the end of reconstruction to 1900, the position of the Supreme Court toward civil rights is best characterized as: A. Supporting the integration of African-Americans into society B. Strictly interpreting the construction to broaden the rights of African-Americans C. Establishing the constitutionally of segregation D. Vigorously enforcing the terms of the 14th and 15th amendments E. Willing to end segregation in the south but not in the north
C. Establishingly the constitutionally of segregation
The civil rights act of 1866 was significant because: I. It meant that Congress rather than the president would determine reconstruction policies II. It showed President Andrew Johnson unwillingness to accept the radical Republican approach to reconstruction III. It was the first major legislation that became law over a presidential veto IV. It guaranteed that former slaves would control the state legislators in the south A. I only B. III only C. I and III only D. II and IV only E. I, II, and III only
C. I and III only
The leading Radical Republican Congress included: I. Charles Sumner II. William H. Seward III. Edwin Stanton IV. Thaddeus Stevens A. I B. III C. I and IV D. II and III E. I, III, IV
C. I and IV
In the response of southern intransigence in the face of President Johnson's mild reconstruction plan, Congress did all of the following EXCEPT: A. exclude southern representatives and senators from participating in Congress B. Passed the civil rights act of 1866 C. Order the arrest and imprisonment of former Confederate leaders D. Approve and send on the states the 14th amendment E. Divided the south into five districts to be ruled by military governors with almost dictatorial powers
C. Order the arrest and imprisonment of former Confederate leaders
The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case outraged public opinion in the North chiefly because it: A. Declared the Fugitive Slave law unconstitutional B. Guaranteed citizenship to free blacks C. Remove restrictions against the spread of slavery into Western Territories D. Failed to abolish slavery in the South E. Challenged California's status as a free state
C. Removed restrictions against the spread of slavery into Western Territories
All of the following are parts of Andrew Johnson's plan for reconstruction EXCEPT: A. Recommending to slaves Southern states that the vote be extended to recently freed slaves B. Requiring ratification of the 13th amendment C. Requiring payment of montetary reparations for the damage caused by the war D. Requiring reanunciation of session E. Replying repudiation of Confederate debt
C. Requiring payment of monetary reparations for damage caused by the war
Senator Stephen A. Douglas manage to engineer the Compromise of 1850 by: A. Winning the endorsement of President Zachary Taylor for the Compromise B. Letting the southern Democrats dictate the terms of the Compromise C. Securing passage of the different parts of the Compromise as separate laws D. Threatening to remove political opponents from important Congressional committees E. A policy conciliation for all factions
C. Securing passage of the different parts of the Compromise as separate laws
What happened to southern interest in slavery after Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831? A. It grew gradually due to the influence of abolitionism B. Southern ministers became more militant in the sermons denouncing the evils of slavery C. Southern states made it increasingly difficult for masters to free their slaves D. Because new slaves continue to be imported from Africa, it did not matter if summer freedom or who were already in America E. Southern plantations ceased to exist and slavery became eradicated
C. Southern states made it increasingly difficult for masters to free their slaves
John Brown's primary purpose in attacking Harpers Ferry was to: A. Gain contribution from northern abolitionists B. Take revenge for the death of anti-slavery settlers in Kansas C. Start a slave rebellion in Virginia D. Open up a new path for underground railroad E. Destroy the federal arsenal in Virginia
C. Start a slave rebellion in Virginia
Which of the following is LEAST useful in arguing that territorial expansion was motivated by a desire to spread slavery? A. William Walker's campaign in Nicaragua B. The Ostend manifesto C. The slogan "Fifty-four Forty of Fight" D. The annexation of Texas E. Opposition to Wilmot proviso
C. The slogan "Fifty-four Forty of Fight"
The Dred Scott decision held that a slave: A. Could sue for his freedom in the courts B. Became free when transported to free territory C. Was a private property even in a free territory D. Was a citizen when in a free territory E. Could not be transported out of a slave state
C. Was a private property even in a free territory
When President Andrew Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton without the approval of the Senate, contrary to the terms of his recently passed Tenure of Office Act, he: A. Was impeached and removed from office B. Came within one vote of being impeached C. Was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office D. Resigned to avoid impeachment and was subsequently pardoned by his successor E. Was impeached, refuse to resign, and has term ended before a vote could be taken on his removal from office
C. Was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office
The disputed boundary between Maine and Canada was settled by the: A. Transcontinental treaty B. Clayton-Bulwer treaty C. Webster-Ashburton Treaty D. Gadsen Purchase E. Treaty of Ghent
C. Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Which of the following would most likely have expressed opposition to the idea of Manifest Destiny? A. Advocates of the foreign policy of the Secretary of State William H Seward B. Voters for James K Polk in 1844 C. Supporters of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 D. Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican war E. Supporters of the Ostend Manifesto
D. Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican war
The slave states that remained in the union included: A. Missouri, Kentucky and Virginia B. Delaware, Kentucky and Tennessee C. North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas D. Missouri, Kentucky and Delaware E. South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama
D. Missouri, Kentucky and Delaware
The main reason for US delay in annexing Texas was the: A. Controversy over the boundary of Texas and Mexico B. Opposition of Great Britain and France C. Independent spirit of the settlers in Texas D. Opposition in Congress to adding slave states E. Opposition in the Mexican government
D. Opposition in Congress to adding slave states
Fourteenth Amendment
Constitutional amendment ratified in 1868 that made all native-born or naturalised persons U.S. citizens and prohibited states from abridging the rights of national citizens, thus giving primacy to national rather than state citizenship.
Fifteenth Amendment
Constitutional amendment ratified in 1869 that forbade states to deny citizens the right to vote on grounds of race, colour, or "previous condition of servitude."
The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following? A. Admitted Texas to the union as a slave state B. Admitted California to the union under the principles of popular sovereignty C. Prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia D. Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law E. Adjusted the Texas-Mexico boundary
D. Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law
In the 1850s, the South differed from the North in: A. A better-developed transportation system B. A better-educated White population C. Less interest in evangelical religion D. Fewer European immigrants E. More cities
D. Fewer European immigrants
Northern advantages in the Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT: A. A superior navy B. A political party system that could marshal support for the war C. A superior railroad network D. General agreement over was aims E. Greater capacity to produce military equipment
D. General agreement over was aims
President Lincoln was reluctant to emancipate slaves in the first year of the Civil War because: A. He feared that freeing the slaves would bring England and France into the war B. Congress was opposed to Emancipation C. He knew that the a proclamation about slavery would only further alienate the south D. He feared that emancipation would drive the border states out of the union E. He had always been opposed to the abolitionists in his party
D. He feared that emancipation would drive the border states out of the union
Which of the following was a major factor in the decline of the Whig party in the 1850s? A. Death of John Calhoun B. Election of Zachary Taylor C. Lincoln-Douglas debates D. Know-Nothing movement E. "Bleeding Kansas"
D. Know-Nothing movement
All of the following statements about the election of 1860 was accurate EXCEPT: A. The Republicans won control of the presidency but not Congress B. No candidate received a majority of the popular vote C. The popular and electoral votes were divided among four candidates D. Lincoln won election because of the split in the Democratic Party E. A major consequence of the luncheon with the central something stay seceded from the union
D. Lincoln one election because of the split in the Democratic Party
The black codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to: A. Close public schools to the children of former slaves B. Promote the return of former slaves to Africa C. Enable black citizens to vote in federal elections D. Place limits on socioeconomic opportunities open to black people E. Further the integration of southern society
D. Place limits on socioeconomic opportunities open to black people
The Economic impact of the Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT: A. And increased number of women in the labor force B. Widespread destruction of property in the south C. Creation of a national banking system in the north D. Reduced rate of industrial production in the north E. Runaway inflation in the south
D. Reduced rate of industrial production in the south
President Andrew Johnson was impeached for: A. Vetoing the civil rights act of 1866 B. Refusing to support the 13th Amendment C. Taking a controversial position on states' rights D. Removing a radical Republican from his cabinet E. Attempting to break up the Republican
D. Removing a radical Republican from his cabinet
The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following? A. Introduced a tax on tea B. Prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market C. Forbade all colonial trade with French West Indies D. Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle E. Announced the wrecking mission of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the king-in-Council
D. Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle
Why did the congressional reconstruction end in 1877? A. The freed slaves had been successfully integrated into Southern society. B. The treaty ending the Civil War had set such a time limit. C. Most of the politically active black people had left the South for Northern Cities. D. The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election. E. The United States needed the troops stationed in the south to confront the French in Mexico.
D. The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise agreement after the 1876 presidential election.
Which of the following BEST reflected the idea of manifest destiny? A. The signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty B. Henry Clay's position on Texas election of 1844 C. The establishment of Texas as an independent republic D. The campaign platform of James Polk in 1844 E. Northern Whigs during the Mexican War
D. The campaign platform of James Polk in 1844
Which of the following most accurately describes the Stephen Douglas' idea of popular sovereignty? A. A section of western land would be given free to anyone who would homestead it for a certain number of years B. Only citizens of the United States would be permitted to settle territories acquired from Mexico C. Public lands in the new territories would be open on a first -come first -served basis D. The status of slavery in a territory would be determined by the voters in the territory E. New territories would be close to both slaves and free blacks
D. The status of slavery in the territory would be determined by the voters in the territory
By the end of reconstruction, most blacks in the south: A. Had migrated to lands in the west B. Owned small family farms C. Earned wages as factory workers in the new industries D. Worked on farms as renters and sharecroppers E. Operated independent businesses in the black community
D. Worked on farms as renters and sharecroppers
Which of the following was not a factor in the formation of new England Confederation? A. The problem of defending against Indiana attacks B. Complex over colonial boundaries C. Concern about runway servants D. Neglect by the English government E. A desire to suppress religious dissent
E. A desire to suppress religious dissent
Manifest destiny was based on all of the following ideas EXCEPT: A. Angelo-saxon racial superiority justified American absorption of inferior peoples and their lands B. New lands would extend the domain of three government free enterprise C. The will of God D. American had a specially ordained mission in the world E. Conquest of new territory would prove the American military superiority
E. Conquest of new territory would prove American military superiority
All of the following were part of the initial union strategy to win the Civil War EXCEPT: A. A naval blockade of southern ports B. Control of the Mississippi River C. The capture of Richmond D. Keeping the border states in the Union E. Emancipation of slaves in the seceded states
E. Emancipation of slaves in the seceded states
The purpose of Lincoln's and Johnson's reconstruction was to: A. The south for causing the civil war B. Give Congress the final authority in the process of reconstruction C. Give equal voting rights for both white and black males the south D. Provide financial aid to rebuild the south E. Encourage rapid readmission of ex-confederate states into the union
E. Encourage rapid readmission ex-confederates states into the union
All of the following figured prominently in debates over the compromise of 1850 except the: A. Provision for a new Fugitive Slave Law B. Slave trade in the district of Columbia C. Admission of California into the Union as a free state D. Future of slavery in the Mexican Cession territories E. Extension of slavery into Kansas and Nebraska territories
E. Extension of slavery into Kansas and Nebraska territories
Which of the following is true of Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan? A. It stipulated that at least 10% of former slaves must be accorded the right to vote within a given southern state before the state could be readmitted to the union B. It allowed the rights of citizenship only to those Southerners who could take an oath that they had never been disloyal to the union C. It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to regain the right to vote and hold office by simply promising future good behavior D. It was silent on the issue of slavery E. It provided the restoration of the local governments for that erstwhile Confederate states now under union control
E. It provided to restoration of the local governments for that erstwhile confederate states now under union control
And analysis of the election of 1868 best supports to conclusion that: A. The Republicans had given up on gaining the black vote B. The weakened Democrat party had little chance to elect a president C. Northerners overwhelmingly approved the policies of the radical Republicans D. Voters approved the impeachment of Andrew Johnson E. Republican victory depended on the votes of African-Americans
E. Republican victory depended on the votes of African-Americans
The dramatic increase in the south's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to: A. An increase in African trade B. The importation of slaves from the west Indies C. An increase in the severity of fugitive slave laws D. The accusation of Louisiana E. The natural population increase of American-born slaves
E. The natural population increase of American-born slaves
The provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all of the these EXCEPT: A. Pay $15 million to Mexico B. Set the Texas boundary at the Rio grande C. Yield California to the United States D. Yield New Mexico to the United States E. Yield the Mesilla Valley of the Arizona to the United States
E. Yield the Mesilla Valley of the Arizona to the United States
laissez faire
French for "let do" or "leave alone." A doctrine espoused by classical liberals that the less the government does, the better, particularly in reference to the economy.
Freedmen's Bureau
Government organisation created in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees. Active until the early 1870s, it was the first federal agency in history that provided direct payments to assist those in poverty and to foster social welfare.
Black Codes
Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites, punished vague crimes such as "vagrancy" or failing to have a labour contract, and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labour systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Legislation passed by Congress that nullified the Black Codes and affirmed that African Americans should have equal benefit of the law.
convict leasing
Notorious system, begun during Reconstruction, whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labour under brutal conditions in mines and other industries.
Ku Klux Klan
Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews.
scalawags
Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction and were ridiculed by ex-Confederates as worthless traitors.
Charles Sumner
The Republican idealist who pushed for black suffrage during Reconstruction as a principle of black freedom and racial equality.
Thaddeus Stevens
The crusty Pennsylvania congressman who led the radical Republicans during Reconstruction.
sharecropping
The labour system by which landowners and impoverished southern farmworkers, particularly African Americans, divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner's property.
classical liberalism
The political ideology of individual liberty, private property, a competitive market economy, free trade, and limited government.
