Persian Wars, Athens/Sparta, and Golden Age
Lydians
Who won in the first battle of the Lydians vs Greek city- states (mid 6th century bc)
Persians
Who won in the second battle of Cyrus the great and the Persians vs the Lydians (546 bc)
Athens
Who won in the third battle of Athens and Greek city-states vs the Persians (499 bc)
Persians
Who won the 4th battle with Darius 1 and the Persians vs the Greek city-states (494 bc)
Persians
Who won the battle at the 6th battle (BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE) with Xerxes and the Persians vs the Greeks and Spartans
Battle of Plateau and Mycale
479 BC: A Spartan general led the Greeks against the Persians at a place called Plateae, defeating the troops on land. Meanwhile other Greek forces attached and burned the rest of the Persian fleet while they were moored at Mycale. The two battles marked the end of the Persian war
Battle of Thermopylae
480 BC: Darius' son, Xerses, continued to exact revenge. His troops engaged the Greeks at Thermopylae - a narrow pass in the mountains, King Leonidas and 300 men held off the Persians for as long as possible. Eventually the Persians made it to Athens and burned the city, bu the people had all left.
Battle of Salamis
480 BC: With Athens deserted, the Persian boats were lured into a narrow strip of water between Athens and the island of Salamis. The Greek triremes surprised the Persians in the shallow water and gave them no where to move or maneuver. Thus a large part of the Persian fleet was destroyed.
Battle of Marathon
490 BC: King Darius tried to exact revenge by landing his forces at Marathon, just 26 miles NE of Athens. Athens sent soldiers but were still outnumbered 2:1. Due to the hoplites and the phalanx, the Greeks were successful and beat king Darius again. Pheidippides & the story of the marathon: Pheidippides ran to Athens to tell them of the victory in Marathon but then he dropped dead from exhaustion. Today's marathon races are named fro his accomplishment. (marathons are 26.2 miles
Battle of Ionia
499 BC: Persia conquered west into Asia Monor, eventually conquering the Greek city-state of Ionia. Ionia called for help and Athens answered, coming to their aid. Together they defeated the Persians and their leader King Darius.
acropolis
A hilltop in an ancient Greek city on which temples, shrines and statues to their gods were built. It was also fortified and used for defense during attacks from the outside
Parthenon
A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It was built in the 5th century BCE, during the Athenian golden age. Made of marble and limestone, 230 ft tall by 110 feet
The Greek Revolted
Event that started the Persian War
From the Mediterranean Sea to the Western edge of India and from the Black Sea to the Persian Gulf
Extent of Persian Empire circa 500 BC
Wrote the history of the Persian War
Herodotus
They double-timed it back to Athens and got there before the Persians.
How did the Athenian army stop the Persians from conquering Athens after the Battle of Marathon?
Trade and communications were efficient by building the Royal Road
How were the Persians able to control such a large area?
Greece before war
It was divided into hundreds of tiny independent political units known as city states. People had developed their own cultures in isolated regions and identified themselves with their region of origin (Spartans, Ionians, Athenians). they were less organized and had outbreaks of warfare over land and had LIMITED RESOURCES and were VERY POOR
Persia before war
Largest empire in the world(Asia Minor to India and from Caspian sea to Egypt and Arabia). King Darius divided his land into provinces (satrapies) each run by an appointed official. The people paid taxes but had their own language, religion and laws. Darius tried to rule fairly not thru force. The empire was WEALTHY. The warriors were known as "TEN THOUSAND IMMORTALS". The cavalry was made of nobles who rode horses and shot arrows
Athens
Location - Attica peninsula Govmt - democracy Population - large Lifestyle - School/ art Military - Strong navy Economy - Trades Main god - Athena Mens role - soldiers Women role - Less rights Education - schools Slavery - slaves Culture - Art and educations
Sparta
Location - Pelopennsian Govmt - Oligarchy Population - Small Lifestyle - Military Military - Strong army Economy - Farming, trade with city states Main god - Ares Mens role - Normal jobs Women role - More rights Education - Military schools Slavery - Helots Culture - Military
King Croesus
Lydian king _____ conquered Greek city states and minted coins, he was very rich
The Expansion of the Persian Empire
Persian King Darius, wanted more landed power and In 513 he attacked ASIA MINOR to get control of the Greek trade routes
Darius I
Persian emperor who organized and expanded the empire. he regained city states and fought in the bAttle of Marathon and was beaten by a smaller Athenian army and beaten again in Athens
Capital of Persia
Sousa
Persepolis
The capital of the Persian empire built by Darius - known for its great beauty and splendor
King Darius
Who was king of Persia during the first part of the Persian Wars?
King Xerxes
Who was king of Persia during the last part of the Persian Wars?
Athens
Who won at the 5th battle (BATTLE OF MARATHON) with Darius 1 and the Persians vs Athens
Greeks
Who won at the 8th battle (BATTLE OF PLATAE) Persians or Greeks
most glorious defeat in Greek history
Thermopylae
Boys in Athens
They were taught by their mother from age 0 to 6 and from 6-14 went to primary school (basic education, reading, writing, math, music, sports). They were required to do military school for 2 years
Girls in Athens
They were taught household chores by their mother at home
Athens
This was the main educational, intellectual and cultural center of ancient Greece
Xeres
Took over after Darius; Wanted revenge over the Greeks after they defeated Darius in the battle of Marathon. Leonidas and 300 Spartans Battled Persian army at Thermopylae and there Persians were beaten again at Salamis.
True
True or False: Cyrus the Great unified Persia
False
True or False: The Athenians outnumbered the Persians at the Battle of Marathon
False
True or False: The Battle of Salamis was fought on an island
False
True or False: The Persians made gold currency
Patron god, agora and acropolis
What are the 3 components of every Greek city state?
Warships
What are trireme
They were brave
What can you infer about the Spartans fighting at Thermopylae?
They pulled back to fight another day
What happened to the Persians after the Battle of Salamis
Governor
What is a satrap
Croesus
What ruler collected a great fortune?
King Darius and King Cambyses
Which Kings were responsible for the expansion of the Persian Empire
Thermopylae
Which of battle best represents honor over survival?
Greeks
Who at the 7th battle ( BATTLE OF SALAMIS) won Persians or Greeks
The Lydians
Who conquered the Greek city states before the Persians
Leonidas and the 300 Spartans
Who did Xerxes kill
The Greeks attacked and were beaten
Why did Greek city-states revert back to Persian control again in 521 BC
They were mad at the Athenians for burning one of their cities
Why did the Persians first decide to attack Athens?
They wanted the trade routes and to get back at the Athenians
Why did the Persians invade Greece?
a large open market
agora
Cyrus the Great
king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC). He united Persia and defeated the Lydians. he put ruler in city states and had heavy taxes and forced Greeks to serve in the military
King Cyrus the Great
made Persians a powerful nation in western Asia
agora
the large open marketplace in ancient Greece surrounded by government buildings - place where people met
Patron god/goddess
the main person the city state worshipped as their central god and considered the most important to their well being
tragedies and comedies
two types of greek dramas
red and black figure and geometric
what are the 3 types of pottery designed?
Thermopylae
where did Xerxes kill Leonidas and the 300 Spartans
