Personal Health -- Ch 11: Infections

Identify the proteins present in the H1N1 virus.

Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase

A bacterial disease called ______, which is associated with cows, is a potential weapon of bioterrorism.

anthrax

Which of the following forms of bioterrorism is a bacterial disease associated with cows?

anthrax

A staph infection of the skin and underlying tissues that results from a wound is

cellulitis

A feature of Gardasil is that it provides protection against human papillomavirus (HPV) that is responsible for the majority of cases of _____.

cervical cancer

White blood cells, the most basic unit of the immune system, are also referred to as

leukocytes.

Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms that are called ______ , germs, or microbes.

pathogens

In the context of the communicable disease process, the stage of response when the infected person begins to experience early symptoms of a disease is referred to as prodrome or the ______ ______

prodromal stage

The infection goes back to the acute stage

relapse

The protein called neuraminidase present in the H1N1 virus is partly responsible for _____.

releasing new viruses from cells

Ringworm is a fungal infection normally confined to the _____.

scalp

A common bacteria found on the skin and the membranes that line the nose and throat is

staph

The most common streptococcal infection is

strep throat

True or false: Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV 2) is the sexually transmitted form of herpes.

true

True or false: There is no cure for smallpox.

true

The best method of prevention for bacterial meningitis is

vaccination

Identify the preventive measures for the Zika virus infection.

- Covering exposed skin - Using insect repellents when traveling to areas where the virus is commonly found

When people are given a ______, they are given a weakened or dead form of a pathogen to develop an immunity to it.

vaccine

Which of the following are effective ways to fight infectious disease?

vaccines antivirals antibiotics

Ebola is a very dangerous disease caused by _____.

viruses

The Ebola virus is transmitted to people from _____.

wild animals

The key to dealing with viral infections is the quality of the individual's ______ response system

immune

The most effective means of fighting infections is the body's ______ system

immune

The key to dealing with viral infections is the quality of the

immune system

Impetigo is a contagious infection that can result when staph bacteria invade the ______ through a crack or broken area.

skin

Identify the true statements about athlete's foot.

- A cure for athlete's foot is topical antifungal medication, which clears up the infection quickly. - The symptoms of athlete's foot are redness, itching, and cracking of skin, usually between the toes.

Identify the true statements about Ebola.

- Ebola is caused by the contact of exposed skin with the body fluids of an infected person. - To contract Ebola, an individual needs to come into contact with the blood of an infected person.

Which of the following are true statements?

- HIV is the cause of AIDS. - It can take six weeks to six months after exposure for a person to test positive for HIV. - HIV is an infection transmitted by means of body fluids.

Which of the following statements are true of gonorrhea?

- Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear two to seven days after exposure. - Untreated gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Which of the following are potentially serious consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease?

ectopic pregnancy infertility

HSV-2

genital herpes

An incurable sexually transmitted viral infection known as ______ causes painful lesions around the point of sexual contact.

herpes 2

The first stage of response to infection, which is defined as the time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms, is

incubation

The first stage of response to infection, which is defined as the time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms, is the ______ period.

incubation

Which is not a typical response after the acute stage of infection?

incubation

A true statement about botulism is that _____.

it is not a serious problem because of strict food preparation standards

A key symptom of hepatitis is yellowing of the skin and eyes, a condition called

jaundice

Which of the following is not a disease of concern in terms of bioterrorism?

chickenpox

The symptoms of gonorrhea are similar to the symptoms of _____.

chlamydia

The two main types of leukocytes are

lymphocytes. phagocytes.

Which of the following are direct modes of transmission?

coughing sneezing

The two most effective ways to prevent the transmission of the common cold are

covering the mouth when coughing. frequent hand washing.

The pathogen wins

death

In the context of the immune system, _____ are considered antigens.

pathogens

A serious, painful condition called ______ is a serious complication of untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea.

pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following statements best describes how a vaccine prevents infection?

A weakened or dead form of a pathogen helps the body develop antibodies and immunity.

Which of the following types of drugs can be effective in treating influenza?

Antivirals

Lymphocytes that originate and stay in the bone marrow and produce antibodies when needed are the

B cells

Stage 2 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

It is sometimes referred to as asymptomatic HIV infection or chronic HIV infection, where the HIV is inactive or dormant.

Stage 1 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

It is the acute HIV infection, which can occur two to four weeks after infection with HIV.

Identify the mode of transmission for the Zika virus.

Mosquitoes

Identify a true statement about phagocytes.

Neutrophils are a type of phagocyte that primarily targets bacteria.

Communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms called

pathogens

______ ______ are those lymphocytes that leave the bone marrow.

T cells/lymphocytes

As symptoms of infection get more intense and the person begins to feel sick, the infection enters the

acute stage

As symptoms of infection get more intense and the person begins to feel sick, the infection enters the ______ stage.

acute/peak

Which of the following are critical to a healthy immune response?

adequate rest proper diet exercise

A bacterial infection that affects the brain and is often transmitted by close contact between persons in such places as college dorms is

meningococcal meningitis. bacterial meningitis.

Which of the following is not a pathogen?

mitochondria

Staph bacteria are typically found on the skin and the membranes that line the ______ and throat.

nose

HSV-1

oral herpes

Which body part is most widely associated with the transmission or spread of the common cold?

the hands

Which of the following can be portals of entry and exit?

the nose the skin reproductive organs the mouth

The most common streptococcal infection is strep ______.

throat

T cells, or T lymphocytes, mature in the _____.

thymus gland

The most widespread type of influenza is type

A

Identify the true statements about a chancre that appears at the point of sexual contact during the first stage of syphilis.

- The disappearance of the chancre indicates that the infected person is moving into the next stage. - The chancre remains on the body for an average of 21 days.

In the context of the communicable disease process, identify the true statements about an individual who is at the prodromal stage of response.

- The individual is most likely to fail to realize that he or she is sick. - The individual is likely to attribute the symptoms to other factors like stress.

A healthy immune response is found in people who

- cope and deal with stress effectively. - have healthy lifestyle behaviors.

One in ______ people carry the bacteria responsible for meningococcal meningitis or bacterial meningitis.

10

Mononucleosis is a common viral infection that as many as ______% of adults in the United States will contract by the age of forty.

95

What percentage of adults in the United States will contract mononucleosis by the time they are forty years old?

95%

Which of the following is true of the primary stage of syphilis?

A painless lesion or sore called a chancre appears at the point of sexual contact.

Identify the symptoms of strep throat.

Fever Swollen neck glands

_____ is the vaccination that provides protection against four types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Gardasil

Stage 3 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

It is the stage in which the affected person experiences fever, weight loss, swollen lymph glands, and white patches in the mouth, as well as deadly opportunistic diseases.

Which of the following diseases are of concern in a bioterrorist context?

anthrax botulism pneumonic plague

Which of the following are proteins given as a drug that disrupts bacterial processes to stop an infection?

antibiotics

_____ can be effective in treating strep throat.

antibiotics

The immune system continually guards human body against foreign substances called

antigens

______ are drugs that block the reproductive ability of viruses.

antivirals

The protein called hemagglutinin present in the H1N1 virus allows the virus to _____.

attach to cells

Botulism is a foodborne disease caused by _____.

bacteria

Chlamydia is a type of _____ found in infected body fluids from the penis or vagina.

bacteria

Which of the following are common pathogens?

bacteria fungi viruses

Antibiotics fight ______ infections.

bacterial

Inflamed, pus-filled lumps on the skin caused by staph bacteria that have infected hair follicles are called

boils

Lymphocytes called B ______ originate and stay in the bone marrow producing antibodies when needed.

cells/lymphocytes

______, a type of leukocytes, surround, engulf, and digest pathogens or other material that is recognized as being foreign to the body.

phagocytes

The nose, mouth, and skin can all become a ______ of entry or exit for pathogens.

portal/point

The immune system wins

recovery

The bacteria that can enter the body and divide in large numbers to produce disease are

single-celled organisms.

Although _____ was once thought to be eradicated, in a bioterrorist context, its virus can be disseminated through the air.

smallpox