pesacretea exam 2
layers of epidermis
1)Stratum corneum 2.) Stratum lucidum 3.) Stratum granulosum 4.)Stratum spinosum 5.) Stratum basale/germinativum layers of the dermis
What are the Stages of Cell Division? prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase Cytokinesis
Name and Describe what is happening in each stage
What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?
allows selective diffusion of materials to pass through
Identify and name the function of the three cells commonly found in Connective Tissue.
collagen- elastic- regular-
What cells produce connective tissue fibers, collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers?
fibroblases produce connective tissue fibers, collagen, elastin, and ventricular fibers
Which type of exocrine gland is composed of cell that break off their apical tips with the product they are producing?
it is one apocine gland
Which exocrine gland cell types are composed of cells that lose the entire cell with the product they are producing?
it is the holocrine gland
What is the other type of exocrine gland that neatly secretes its product through a non-messy process of exocytosis?
it is the thermocrine gland
where is it found in the body
it lines the air sacks, blood, and lymphatic vessels
Where is it found in the body?
lines blood vessels and body cavities
What layers are found in a typical membrane?
Lipid bilayer
What are the layers the Dermis?
1.)papillary layer 2.)reticular layer
List and describe the three types of burn wounds. How are they different? What is a decubitus ulcer? How are they identified?
1st degree burn- Superficial-Partial Thickness, Only epidermis is involved 2nd degree burn-Deep-Partial Thickness, Epidermis and Dermis are involved 3rd degree burn-Full-Thickness Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis are involved
What happens in the Citric Acid Cycle? What goes into the Cycle. What is the first product produced in the metabolic pathway? What are the final end products of the reaction? Where do the co-enzymes like NAD+ and FAD+ carry their H+ off to?
Acetyl CoA enters the cycle one at a time and the cycle release NADH, FADH2, ATP, GTP, and CO2 as it returns the carbon compound to its original state
Compare and Contrast Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration takes place in presence of oxygen; whereas anaerobic respiration takes place in absence of oxygen.
Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA. How are they alike and how are they different?
DNA is a double-stranded molecule that has a long chain of nucleotides. RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has a shorter chain of nucleotides.
second degree burn
Deep-Partial Thickness, Epidermis and Dermis are involved; Destroys epidermis and some dermis, as in burn from hot liquid May blister, healing varies with severity of burn & stem cell survival Stem cells in hair follicles and glands can help regenerate skin
List and describe the three types of burn. woundsHow are they different?
First-degree (superficial) burns. First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. ... Second-degree (partial thickness) burns. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin. ... Third-degree (full thickness) burns.
third degree burn
Full-Thickness Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis are involved Destroys epidermis, dermis, accessory structures Results from prolonged exposure to heat, flames, hot liquids Some healing from margins Often requires skin graft, skin substitutes
What is a decubitus ulcer?skin and soft tissue injuries that form as a result of constant or prolonged pressure exerted on the skin
How are they identified changes in skin color and swelling, warmth, tenderness, and pain in the affected area
What is the other type of exocrine gland that neatly secretes its product through a non-messy process of exocytosis
Merocrine cells
What is the common diagnostic tool used to identify Melanoma?
Skin biopsy
first degree burn
Superficial burns through only the epidermis.Injures only epidermis, as in sunburn; redness, heat, inflammation
Are Enzymes consumed or used up in a reaction?.....or recycled to take in another reaction?
The enzyme is not destroyed during the reaction and is used over and over
Be able to Compare and Contrast Transcription and Translation
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein
Chromatin = DNA + PROTEINS.
What are the two kinds of chromatin? euchromatin & heterochromatin
What happens if there is no oxygen left in the system? brain death occurs
What default metabolism will the cell go through in low or no oxygen? glycolysis
What is Transcription? the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA
Where does it occur (cytoplasm), and what product is produced? mRNA
What is Translation? (the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA)
Where does it occur (ribosomes), and what product is produced? PROTEINS
What is DNA Replication? the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
Where does it occur, in the nucleus why does it occur?
Which part of Aerobic Respiration is the most ATP generated? electron transport system
Why is this part called an aerobic process it uses oxygen and converts it into water
What are the functions of the skin?
protection, regulation, sensation, absorption, and secretion
Identify and name the function of the five cells of the Epidermis.
stem cell- gives rise to Keratinocytes Keratinocytes- produces keratin Melanocytes- Synthesize Melanin pigment Tactile Merkel Cells- touch receptors Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells-Protect from invasion of microbes, viruses, alerts immune system
what layers are found in a typical membrane
stratified, pseudo stratified, simple
What environmental factors will affect an Enzymes activity
temperature, pH, and concentration
what is the function of the simple squamous epithelium
the simple epithelium is one side if diffusion and filtration