PH 161 Final

Which of the following is not an example of a biopesticide ?

DDT

Excessively low intake of copper may be associated with

Dietary deficiency

The advantage of carbamates is that they

Dissipate quickly

By what mechanism exposure to mercury by inhalation can occur?

Exposure to mercury vapors during mercury extraction from cinnabar ores

A chemical can end up in the National priority (NPL) list if the chemical is highly toxic but it's occurance on the hazardous sites is rare

False

Ingestion is the fastest route of exposure to a chemical in terms of adsorption of the chemical in the blood?

False

Pyrethroids are produced synthetically.

False

Table salt is an organic chemical.

False

The toxic effect of Persistent organic pollutants remains only at the local environment .

False

Use of public transportation should be discouraged to conserve energy which is aimed at redution of air pollution.

False

Women have lesser amount of exposure to heavy metals compared to men.

False

Small sized particles can be removed from drinking water by

Gravel filtering Sand filtering Use of activated charcoal

A temperature inversion causes a

Greater concentration of pollutants close to the earth's surface

Improperly vented indoor cooking stoves can

Impair the health of the elderly Expose women to high pollution levels Cause indoor air pollution in developing countries Expose infants to indoor air pollution

For fetuses, infants, and children, the hazards of heavy metals include

Impairment of physical and mental development Damage to internal organs Brain damage Some forms of cancer

Possible methods for exposure to metals include

Inhalation of dusts Inhalation of metal fumes Skin contact with dusts Ingestion

The disease hemachromatosis occurs from excessive exposure to

Iron

The concern about Agent Orange is that...

It contains small amount of Dioxins

Lead exposure can arise from

Lead paint used in homes Certain types of pottery Lead dusts brought home from work Tap water from soldered pipes

DDT were heavily used to control the spread of what disease?

Malaria

What level of metals from essential metals with potential toxicity class are required for routine nutrition purposes?

Medium

Bioaccumulation (biomagnification) of heavy metals is a particular hazard associated with

Mercury

Methylation is a process that involves which of the following metals?

Mercury

Minamata disease occurs from exposure to

Mercury

Sometimes intermediate products are much more dangerous. It is evidenced by what of the following chemicals?

Methyl isocyanate

Which of the following is more toxic among carbamates and methyl isocyanate?

Methyl isocyanate is much more toxic than carbamate

Low levels of exposure for short period of time can result in what?

No disease

The least likely explanation for global warming is that it is due to

Normal variations in the earth's temperature

Low levels of exposure for long period of time can result in what?

Not determined yet, currently under research

What type of pesticides are persistent organic pollutants ?

Organochlorides

Low level contact is likely in what type of environments ?

Outdoor environmental

Diesel Exhaust causes adverse respiratory health effects primarily due to what chemical?

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

Infection with Taenia saginata is associated with eating

Raw beef

In order to decrease man-made carbon monoxide pollution we would need to

Reduce emissions from mobile sources of air pollution

The main difference between the sick building syndrome and building-related illness is that

SBS is temporary and BRI is a diagnosable illness. and BRI can be related to specific pollutants and SBS cannot.

A major contributor to acid rain is

SO2

Which of the following metals is not classified as a major toxic metal with multiple effects?

Silver

Which of the following is untrue? Chemical disease agents are

Solely the product of humankind's actions in the biosphere

The Clean Air Act of 1970 required

The EPA to set up air quality standards

Acid rain is

The precipitation of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air

Which of the following statements about heavy metals is true?

Their specific gravity exceeds that of water by five or more times.

Which statement about dioxins is untrue?

They are never produced in the natural environment.

Organophosphate pesticides conduct the following activity to kill the insects.

They block the activity of cholinesterase enzyme

Children receive high doses of heavy metals because

They consume high proportion of food relative to their body weight and thus may receive high dosage of heavy metals

Heavy metals are heavy because of what?

(1 and 3) Their specific gravity exceeds the specific gravity of water by 5 to 6 times & They have high molar mass (molecular weight)

Persistent Organic Pollutants are not good for the environment because of what?

(1 and 3) They are toxic & They can not be degraded easilty

Exposure to what chemical can occurs from plastics?

(3 and 4) Styrene & Vinyl chloride

Health effects of pesticides are based on:

(ALL OF ABOVE) Concentration of pesticide Duration of pesticide exposure Frequency of pesticide exposure

The health effects of exposure to dioxins include

(ALL OF ABOVE) Chloracne Skin rashes Liver damage Endocrine effects

For fetuses, infants, and children, the hazards of heavy metals include

(ALL OF ABOVE) Impairment of physical and mental development Damage to internal organs Brain damage Some forms of cancer

Possible methods for exposure to metals include

(ALL OF ABOVE) Inhalation of dusts Inhalation of metal fumes Skin contact with dusts Ingestion

Which of the following chemicals bioaccumulate?

(ALL OF ABOVE) Lead Mercury Arsenic

Lead exposure can arise from

(ALL OF ABOVE) Lead paint used in homes Certain types of pottery Lead dusts brought home from work Tap water from soldered pipes

Concerns regarding pesticide use include

(All of the above) Potential harm to agricultural workers Undesirable effects upon cattle Drift into schools and homes Unintentional killing of pets

Which of the following is a heavy metal used for medical therapy

Aluminum

Which of the following is a heavy metal used for medical therapy?

Aluminum

High exposure to aluminum is associated with occurance of what disease?

Alzheimer's Disease

A temperature inversion is

An atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer

Itai-ital disease condition can occur from exposure to

Cadmium

Organic chemicals must have what molecule in it?

Carbon

Carboxyhemoglobin may be formed when a person inhales air that contains

Carbon monoxide

DDT belong to a group of pesticides called

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Erin Brockovich was a successful advocate against groundwater pollution from

Chromium

Which of the following is the essential heavy metal with potential toxic properties ?

Chromium III

The symptoms of long-term exposure to lower levels of toxic metals include

Chronic illness effects

One of the concerns that surrounded the use of Agent Orange was that it

Contained very small amounts of dioxin

One of the common symptom from exposure to Nickel is

contact dermatitis

Rate the routes of exposure by how fast they let the chemicals absorb in the blood starting from slowest to fastest:

dermal absorption, ingestion, inhalation

Elemental mercury becomes toxic by which of the following mechanism?

methylation

Suppose in a pond the mercury is methylated. Rank the fish by their size in order of highest exposure to mercury starting with least exposure and ending with maximum exposure.

smallest, small, medium, big, biggest

Mechanical devices for the control of industrial emissions of particulate matter do not include

CO afterburners

Environmental media provide important information regarding what?

(BOTH) Anticipation of likely contaminant in a particular media based on their high likeyhood of presence & What route of entry in the body the chemical will take based on their dominance in a particular media

Smog is

A mixture of pollutants, principally ground-level ozone

A disadvantage of hazardous chemicals is not that they

Are essential to the functioning of modern society

Acute health effects of air pollution include

Breathlessness and burning eyes Cough and chest pains Nausea and headache Airway resistance and asthma

The U.S. agency tasked generally with providing leadership in control of foodborne illness is the

CDC

Substances on the National Priorities List (United States) have the following characteristics

They have known or suspected toxicity. They have potential for human exposure. They appear frequently in uncontrolled or abandoned waste sites. They are scheduled for possible remediation under Superfund.

Cholinesterase enzyme is required to achieve what?

To break acetylcholine into acetyl and choline

Arsenic standard was tightened since 2006. This was done to achive what

To reduce cancers

Natural gas is an example of hydrocarbons

True

Some pesticide products have potential to cause endocrine disruption.

True

The type of environmental media (air, water, food, soil) significantly affect the degree of exposure to heavy metals.

True

Vinyl chloride is a human carcinogen

True

Naturally occurring sources of air pollution include

Wind storms Salt evaporation Organic materials from plants Volcanic eruptions

One of the most frequent methods of exposure to beryllium is

Workers' inhalation of beryllium in metal processing industries

Nematocide specifically targets what organism?

Worms