pH & Water

Which of the following is NOT involved in triggering the thirst mechanism?

increase in blood pressure

The role of ADH is to __________.

increase water reabsorption

Which age group most commonly has fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance issues?

infants

The fluid that bathes the cells found in tissues is called __________.

interstitial fluid

Where is the majority of water stored in the human body? http://goo.gl/OS1SU

intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.

is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces

What receptors does the brain use to detect changes in osmolality?

osmoreceptors

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

potassium

Solutes, regardless of size, are able to move freely between compartments because water carries them along the osmotic gradients.

False

The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is sodium.

False

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.

respiratory acidosis

The most common cause of acid-base imbalance is __________.

respiratory acidosis

What is the effect of hyperventilation on pH?

respiratory alkalosis

Under normal circumstances, most water is lost in __________.

urine

A patient's anxiety caused her to develop respiratory alkalosis. What breathing technique did the nurse recommend, and why?

The nurse instructed the patient to breathe slower and deeper, and to breathe into a paper bag. This will increase the patient's blood level of carbon dioxide by eliminating less carbon dioxide from the lungs, and by breathing in the expired air which has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. As a result, the blood pH will decrease.

As ventilation increases and more carbon dioxide is removed from the blood, the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood decreases.

True

One of the most powerful and plentiful sources of buffers is the protein buffer system.

True

Weak acids are able to act as chemical buffering systems for the body because they partially dissociate.

True

Select the person in the following list who would have the highest percentage of water in his or her body. http://goo.gl/vepA5

a 6-month-old baby boy

The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________.

a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water

Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes?

amount of body fat

The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.

bicarbonate

Which chemical buffer system is the only important system in the extracellular fluid (ECF) that resists short-term changes in pH?

bicarbonate buffer system

Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?

diet

How much water is generated per day from cellular metabolism? http://goo.gl/IujGD

250 ml