Pharm 2 exam 2

A nurse is caring for a client who asks why she is being prescribed aspirin 325 mg daily following a myocardial infarction. The nurse should instruct the client that aspirin is prescribed for clients who have coronary artery disease for which of the following effects?

to prevent blood clotting

The most common type of seizures are called:

tonic-clonic

A back-and-forth movement of the eyeballs on the horizontal plane, particularly when looking laterally, is called:

nystagmus

A brief period of abnormal electrical activity in the nerve cells of the brain is called a:

seizure

A rapidly recurring generalized seizure that does not allow the patient to regain normal function between seizures is called:

status epilepticus

Which drug class acts by elevating the seizure threshold by the depression of cortex nerve transmissions, which reduce the current in the T-type calcium channels found in primary afferent neurons?

succinimides

A nurse at a pediatric hotline receives a call from a mother who plans to administer aspirin to a toddler for a fever and wants to know the dosage. Which of the following statements by the nurse is an appropriate response?

"Give her acetaminophen, not aspirin."

A nurse is caring for a client who reports daily use of acetaminophen to manage mild knee pain. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse investigate further?

"I take over-the-counter cold medicine for my sinus congestion."

A nurse is preparing to administer enteric-coated aspirin to an older adult client who had a cerebrovascular accident and has difficulty swallowing medications. The client asks the nurse if she will crush the medication to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"If I crush it you might experience a stomach ache or indigestion."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to start taking enteric-coated naproxen for rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following client statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

"It's okay to crush a tablet as long as I make sure it dissolves completely in water before swallowing it."

A nurse is caring for a client who is using a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump for postoperative pain management. The nurse enters the room to find the client asleep and his partner pressing the button to dispense a dose of analgesia. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"Your husband should decide when more medication is needed."

The nurse is reviewing lab values for a patient taking gabapentin. She knows that the therapeutic blood levels are:

12 to 20 mg/L

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, patients who were receiving antiepileptic drugs had approximately _______ times the risk of suicidal behavior or ideation as compared to other

2

A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10/mg/kg PO to a preschool child for fever. The child weighs 22 lb. Available is acetaminophen liquid 160 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

3.1 mL

The nurse has an order to administer diazepam IV. The nurse knows that it should be administered at a rate of no more than:

5 mg/minute

Which statement(s) about diuretics is/are true? (Select all that apply.)

A mechanism of action for the antihypertensive effects of diuretics includes volume depletion. They have been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity associated with hypertension. Electrolytes must be evaluated periodically for patients on loop diuretics.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for aspirin 650 mg orally every 6 hr. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of aspirin therapy?

Bleeding

Patients taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for control of seizures must be aware of the risk for which adverse effect(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Blood dyscrasias, Hyperglycemia, Gingival hyperplasia, Sedation

A nurse in an urgent care clinic is assisting with the care of a toddler who ingested 30 tablets of aspirin. Which of the following substances should the nurse administer to the toddler?

Activated charcoal

Which cardiovascular condition(s) is/are related to coronary artery diseases (CADs)? (Select all that apply.)

Angina pectoris, Acute myocardial infarction

Which complication(s) is/are associated with uncontrolled hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

Angina, Stroke, Renal failure, Heart failure

What is the most critical approach to the treatment of metabolic syndrome?

Lifestyle management

The healthcare provider orders diazepam (Valium) 10 mg IV stat for a patient who was admitted with status epilepticus. What important nursing interventions(s) associated with administration of this medication IV should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)

Apply a cardiac monitor to the patient to assess for continuous heart rate, if not already done. Continuously assess the patient's airway. Obtain the correct dose (10 mg) and administer over slow IV push.

The nurse transcribes a new order for Lovaza on a patient in a long-term care facility. When providing education to the patient about this medication, the nurse will include which statement(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Liver function tests should be completed before initiating therapy. Lovaza should be used with caution if the patient has an allergy to fish. Lovaza does not cause myositis.

The nurse is preparing to assess blood pressure on a patient who has had two prior readings of 160/100. Physician's notes from a prior visit indicate that the patient is suspected to have hypertension. When reassessing this patient for hypertension, the nurse will do what? (Select all that apply.)

Choose a cuff encircling at least 80% of the arm. Support patient's arm at heart level. Encourage patient to sit quietly for 5 minutes before assessing blood pressure.

A patient on anticonvulsant therapy confides to the nurse at an outpatient clinic that she suspects she may be pregnant. The nurse should encourage the patient to take which action(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Consult an obstetrician. Carry an identification card. Provide a list of seizure medications.

In addition to type 2 diabetes and heart disease, which condition(s) is/are associated with metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

Dementia, Renal disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Polycystic ovary syndrome,

Drug therapy for initial treatment of metabolic syndrome is targeted at controlling which condition(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia

A client is about to undergo a closed reduction of a fracture. In addition to analgesia, the nurse suggests that the client listen to an audiotape of music. Which of the following nonpharmacologic interventions for pain management is the nurse using?

Distraction

Which statement(s) concerning the use of antihypertensive therapy for the treatment of hypertension would be considered true? (Select all that apply.)

Diuretics are the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive agent. Diuretics are often prescribed in combination therapy with other antihypertensive agents.

Which common adverse effect(s) is/are associated with opiate agonists? (Select all that apply.)

Dizziness, Orthostatic hypotension, Respiratory depression, Confusion.

The nurse is educating a patient about niacin prescribed to treat his hyperlipidemia. Which important teaching point(s) should be included in the educational plan? (Select all that apply.)

Effectiveness of niacin in lowering total cholesterol, Information on high cholesterol foods and food preparation using unsaturated fats, Adverse effects to report (e.g., fatigue, anorexia, nausea, malaise, jaundice, muscle aches)

What lifestyle choice(s) may aggravate metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

Excessive tobacco smoking, Excessive consumption of alcohol

The nurse is finished conducting nutritional education with a patient about the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet. The patient would like to complete the breakfast menu for tomorrow. Which foods offered for breakfast would be most appropriate for the patient to choose? (Select all that apply.)

Grapefruit, Orange juice, Oatmeal

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following knee surgery. In addition to analgesia, the nurse suggests that the client imagine herself relaxing on a beach and enjoying the tropical breezes. Which of the following nonpharmacologic interventions for pain management is the nurse using?

Guided imagery

A teaching plan for a patient with hyperlipidemia would instruct the patient to avoid which food(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Hard cheeses, Liver

A nurse is collecting data from a female client who has osteoarthritis and reports she is thinking about taking aspirin for pain control. Which of the following data in the client's history should the nurse realize might be a contraindication to taking aspirin and should be reported to the provider?

History of vitamin K deficiency

Metabolic syndrome includes which key characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Hyperglycemia, Abdominal obesity, Low high-density lipoproteins, Hypertension

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis and is taking acetaminophen for pain management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Increase your water intake to 2 liters per day."

When performing a baseline neurologic assessment prior to the administration of an NSAID medication, the nurse will assess which patient characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Orientation to date, time, and place, Mental alertness

What is included in the nursing management of the patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizure activity? (Select all that apply.)

Placing padding around or under the patient's head, Positioning the patient on the side once the relaxation stage is entered to allow oral secretions to drain, Requesting additional assistance and/or necessary equipment in case the patient does not begin breathing spontaneously when the seizure is over

The mother of a school-aged child asks the nurse how to help prevent her child from acquiring metabolic syndrome. The nurse informs the child's mother that education for children in primary grades should focus on which action(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Prevention of smoking, Importance of moderate activity, Discouraging use of alcohol

Which additional nursing intervention(s) would be effective with pain management in the pediatric population? (Select all that apply.)

Provide diversional activities such as coloring, puzzles, and games. Allow uninterrupted sleep and rest. Perform hygiene measures. Encourage parental participation with caregiving to diminish the child's anxiety.

The nurse is preparing to administer zonisamide (Zonegran) to a newly admitted patient with the diagnosis of adult partial seizures. The nurse should hold this medication if the patient has which sign(s) or symptom(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Skin rash, Allergy to Bactrim, Pruritus

What will the nurse review when teaching a patient about therapy with statins? (Select all that apply.)

Statins are the most potent antilipemic agents available. Statins should be taken with food. Statins cause mild increases in HDL levels. Statins reduce inflammation, platelet aggregation, and plasma viscosity.

Which condition(s) may be managed by salicylates? (Select all that apply.)

Swollen joints, Fever, Muscle aches, Myocardial infarction

A nurse in an urgent care center is collecting data from a client who reports taking an excessive amount of aspirin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of salicylism?

Tinnitus

A nurse in an urgent care center is collecting data from a client who reports taking an excessive amount of acetaminophen. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of acute acetaminophen toxicity?

Vomiting

When teaching a patient who is starting therapy with NSAIDs, the nurse must be sure to mention drug interactions with which drug(s)? (Select all that apply.)

Warfarin (Coumadin), Lithium (Eskalith), Diuretics

Which nutritional concept(s) is/are necessary to provide to patients receiving colestipol? (Select all that apply.)

Whole grains, raw fruits, and vegetables will minimize constipation. Report signs of vitamin K deficiency, including bleeding gums, dark tarry stools, and coffee-ground emesis. Supplemental fat-soluble vitamins may be necessary.

The seizure disorder that occurs primarily in children and usually disappears at puberty is called:

absence epilepsy

Medications used almost exclusively to treat epilepsy are referred to as:

anticonvulsants

The nurse is preparing to administer niacin for the first time to a patient being treated for dyslipidemia. Before administering this medication, the nurse will assess: (Select all that apply.)

blood glucose levels. blood pressure. heart rate.