PHARM: Ch. 17 practice questions
the patient is born at 28 weeks' gestation and is scheduled to receive caffeine citrate 20 mg IV shortly after birth. the patient's mother asks, "why are you giving my baby stuff that is in coffee?" what is the nurse's best response? - "caffeine can help you baby breathe better" - "it will help your baby gain weight faster" - "the baby's temperature will be warmer with caffeine" - "this isn't the same substance that is in coffee"
"caffeine can help you baby breathe better"
to maintain the half-life of immediate-release methylphenidate, how often should this drug be take? - daily - 2 to 3 times a day - 4 times a day - every other day
2 to 3 times a day
which of the following conditions would meet the medically approved criteria for use of CNS stimulants? (select all that apply) - weight loss in the morbidly obese - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children - promotion of wakefulness in narcolepsy - reversal of respiratory distress - severe depressive states
ADHD in children, promotion of wakefulness in narcolepsy, reversal of respiratory distress - all CNS stimulants are limited to treatment of these three and is not indicated for depression
which medical condition(s) is/are CNS stimulants approved to treat? (select all that apply) - ADHD - anorexia - narcolepsy - obesity - posttraumatic stress disorder
ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity
several children are admitted for diagnosis with possible attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. which is the most important for the nurse to observe? - a girl who is lethargic - a girl who lacks impulsivity - a boy with smooth coordination - a boy with an inability to complete tasks
a boy with an inability to complete tasks - ADHD is more common in boys than girls and an inability to complete tasks is a characteristic behavior of ADHD while the other choices are not
CNS stimulants, also referred to as __________, stimulate respiration
analepics
which drug group acts on the brainstem and medulla to stimulate respiration? - amphetamine - analeptic - anorexiant - triptan
analeptic
a patient taking methylphenidate is nauseous and vomiting. what is the nurse's best action? - monitor the patient's vital signs - ask the patient if he or she has been taking the medication regularly - assess the patient's temperature - administer an antiemetic medication
ask the patient if he or she has been taking the mediation regularly - nausea, vomiting, and headache are symptoms of withdraw so the nurse needs to find out if the patient has been taking the medication regularly
the nurse if caring for a child taking methylphenidate (Ritalin). assessment reveals a heart rate of 110, and the child is complaining of chest pain. what is the nurse's highest priority action? - administer an antianxiety agent - assess for over-the-counter medication use - stay with the child and use reaction techniques - hold the next dose of the medication
assess for over-the-counter medication use - methylphenidate interacts with OTC col medication so the nurse should asses for the use of OTC medication
which is a priority nursing action when assessing for side effects expected in a patient taking analeptics? - assessing heart rate for bradycardia - assessing patient for decreased mental alertness - assessing blood pressure for hypotension - assessing patient for nervousness
assessing patient for nervousness - analeptics are CNS stimulants, which cause nervousness as a side effect and the stimulation could result in increased heart rate, increased mental alertness, and hypertension
the patient has been prescribed methylphenidate for the treatment of narcolepsy. what priority teaching considerations should be included for this patient? (select all that apply) - avoid operating hazardous equipment - caffeine should be avoided - nervousness and tremors may occur - take the medication before meals - report any weight gain
avoid operating hazardous equipment, caffeine should be avoided, nervousness and tremors may occur, take the medication before meals
the nurse expects that a newborn who is experiencing apnea is most likely to be ordered treatment with which medication? - diphenhydramine - caffeine citrate - benzphetamine HCl - diethylpropion HCl
caffeine citrate - caffeine citrate can be used as a respiratory stimulant for newborns experiencing apnea and is a analeptic drug under the subclass of methylxanthines
the patient has been prescribed phentermine hydrochloride for obesity. the patient also has Parkinson's disease and takes selegiline. what should the nurse do before the patient starts the new drug? - contact the patient's primary health care provider to verify the prescription - have baseline lab work drawn to assess the liver function - tell the patient to immediately stop taking the selegiline - tell the patient to increase fluid intake with the next meal
contact the patient's primary health care provider to verify the prescription
the pediatric patient has been started on methylphenidate for ADHD. what information should the nurse include in the health teaching? - constipation is a common side effect - counseling should be combined with drug - this drug will only be used for a few weeks - weight gain is to be expected
counseling should be combined with drug
CNS stimulants are absolutely contraindicated for patients with a history of which conditions? (select all that apply) - coronary artery diseae - diabetes - hypothyroidism - hypertension - glaucoma
diabetes, hypertension, glaucoma
ADHA can be caused by a ____________ of neurotransmitters
dysregulation
the patient is being treated with methylphenidate for ADHD. what common side/adverse effects should the patient and family be informed might occur? (select all that apply) - euphoria - headache - hypertension - irritability - orthostatic hypotension - vomiting
euphoria, headache, hypertension, irritability, vomiting
when a 12-year old is prescribed methylphenidate, which is most important for the nurse to monitor? - temperature - respirations - intake and output - height and weight
height and weight - methylphenidate can cause growth stunt in children
the 18-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department by her roommates. her blood pressure is 220/136 mm Hg, heart rate 142 beats/minute, and respiratory rate 20 breaths/minute. she is responsive only to deep pain. her roommates say she has been trying to lose weight and has been taking "these pills she gets over the Internet." what will the nurse consider as the most likely cause for this patient's symptoms? - cardiac arrest - food poisoning - hemorrhagic stroke - pregnancy-induced hypertension
hemorrhagic stroke
which statements are true of methylphenidate? (select all that apply) - if taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), it may increase a hypertensive crisis - the effects of anticoagulants may increase - hyperglycemia may occur - insulin will be more effective - there may be increased effects if taken with caffeinated beverages
if taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), it may increase a hypertensive crisis, the effects of anticoagulants may increase, there may be increased effects if taken with caffeinated beverages
MP, a 7-year-old child, has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. the physician is considering putting the child on medication. what symptoms does a child with ADHD display?
inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, restlessness (fidgety), hyperactivity (excessive and purposeless activity), inability to complete tasks, and impulsivity
MP, a 7-year-old child, has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. the physician is considering putting the child on medication. what behavioral improvements might be seen after medication administration?
increase a child's attention span and cognitive performance and to decrease impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness
MP, a 7-year-old child, has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. the physician is considering putting the child on medication. what medication might be prescribed? what class of drugs does the medication fall under?
methylphenidate, an amphetamine-like drug, CNS stimulant
the nurse is caring for a patient who describes symptoms indicative of narcolepsy. the nurse recognizes that the physician is most likely to order which medication for the patient? - phentermine-topiramite - diethylpropion HCl - modafinil - benzphetamine HCl
modafinil - modafinil (Provigil) is indicated for treatment of narcolepsy
the nurse is teaching a patient to self-administer medications. the nurse knows that which drug is used to treat narcolepsy? - modafinil - atomoxetine - lisdexamfetamine - phendimestrazein
modafinil - only drug listed that treats narcolepsy
what is a priority nursing action when taking care of a patient who is prescribed a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant? - keep the patient on bed rest - monitor the patient for seizure activity - continuously monitor the patient's pulse rate - obtain a bedside commode for the patient
monitor the patient for seizure activity - CNS stimulation occurs when the amount and duration of action of excitatory neurotransmitters are increase which can lead to the development of seizure activity in the patient who has received a central nervous system stimulant
amphetamines stimulate the release of neurotransmitters _____________ and ________, and can lead to cardiovascular problems
norepinephrine and dopamine
the patient asks the nurse if there is anything that the physician could order that would function as an appetite suppressant. the nurse anticipates that the physician may order which manifestations? (select all that apply) - phentermine-topiramate - caffeine citrate - diethylpropion HCl - benzphetamine HCl - armodafinil
phentermine-topiramate, diethylpropion HCl, benzphetamine HCl - these three are all appetite suppressants
a new nurse is admitting a patient who has received doxapram. the nurse recognizes that this is which type of drug? - inhaled respiratory stimulant - narcotic antagonist - postanesthetic respiratory stimulant - long-acting narcotic
postanesthetic respiratory stimulant
the patient has a history of migraines, depression, and hypertension and has been started on phentermine-topiramate. for which condition is phentermine-topiramate used? - ADHD - asthma - narcolepsy - short-term weight management
short-term weight management
anorexiants have a _________ effect on the brain to ________ ________
stimulant, suppress appetite
which suggestion should the nurse provide to the parents of a child taking methylphenidate for ADHD to offset anticipated side effects? - suck on hard candy - increase vitamin C in the diet - decrease fluid intake prior to bedtime - take the medication with grapefruit juice
suck on hard candy - a side effect of amphetamines is dry mouth so sucking on a hard candy will help eliminate this effect
MP, a 7-year-old child, has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. the physician is considering putting the child on medication. what teaching should the nurse include related to the use of methylphenidate?
take drugs before meals, avoid alcohol and caffeine assumption, use sugarless gum to relieve dry mouth, monitor weight and report weight loss twice a week, avoid hazardous equipment when experience severe side effects, DO NOT ABRUPTLY STOP MEDICINE, seek counseling for child
a newborn patient is in respiratory distress. the nurse anticipates preparation for which medication to be given? - modafinil - armodafinil - theophylline - amphetamine
theophylline - drug helps with bronchiole relaxation for breathing
MP, a 7-year-old child, has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. the physician is considering putting the child on medication. what physical assessment should be completed before medication administration?
vital signs, evaluate the patients height, weight, and growth and assess the mental status
the nurse monitoring a patient for methylphenidate withdrawal should observe the patient for which condition? - tremors - insomnia - weakness - tachycardia
weakness - the other choices are side effects of the drug when being taken
