Pharm ch 21

Class IA anti-arrhythmic agents are effective in treating

atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

Which of the following agents is a parasympatholytic used in cardiac resuscitation for asystole?

atropine

You are treating a patient who has severe asthma. Which classification of drugs may pose some risk of bronchoconstriction and should be used carefully in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

b blockers

According to the Vaughan Williams classification system, which class of agents blocks fast sodium channels in the myocardium, specifically in the atrium?

class 1

According to the Vaughan Williams classification system, which class of antiarrhythmic agents consists of the only two calcium channel blockers (CCBs) used in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular rate control for atrial fibrillation?

class 4

Your patient is experiencing heart failure secondary to decreased contractility and has a confirmed severe allergy to sulfites. Which of the following inotropic medications would you not recommend?

dobutamine

Which of the following is considered the mainstay for improving hypotensive episodes?

fluids

Cardiac glycosides

increase myocardial contractility

The most important factor in the management of sudden cardiac death is

timely and efficient cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation

Your patient is a 67-year-old homeless man with malnutrition. Laboratory test results show that he has hypomagnesemia. What arrhythmia should you monitor for until a dose of magnesium sulfate can be administered?

torsades de pointes

Atropine is given to

treat ventricular arrhythmias?

Class IB antiarrhythmics are limited to treating

ventricular arrhythmias

Lidocaine is used to treat

ventricular arrhythmias.

Your patient requires a dose of adenosine for confirmed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). His only line is a peripheral intravenous line in the right arm. How should you proceed? -Slowly administer the dose over 30 seconds -Administer the dose quickly and immediately follow with a saline flush. -Hold the patient's right arm in an upright position while administering the dose

2,3

Magnesium toxicity may include which of the following manifestations? 1. Hyperkalemia 2. Sweating 3. Hypothermia 4. Depression of reflexes 5. Abdominal pain

2,3,4

Your patient is experiencing heart failure and is in need of an inotropic agent. Which of the following would you recommend, barring any other cardiac issues? 1. Lidocaine 2. Digoxin 3. Milrinone 4. Dobutamine

2,3,4

Cardiac output depends on which of the following factors? 1. Venous return 2. Heart rate 3. Systemic vascular resistance 4. Pulmonary vascular resistance 5. Stroke volume

2,5

According to the Vaughan Williams classification system, which class of antiarrhythmic agents consists mainly of b blockers?

?

Digoxin toxicity may include which of the following manifestations? 1. Hyperkalemia 2. Premature ventricular contractions 3. Bigeminal rhythm 4. Nausea 5. Abdominal pain

?

Ablation with radiofrequency current is effective in the treatment of

AF caused by single primary circuit

Which cardiac agent may be administered endotracheally? -atropine -epinephrine -lidocaine

1,2,3

Which of the following are considered inotropic agents? 1. Dobutamine 2. Milrinone 3. Digoxin 4. Lidocaine

1,2,3

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are indicated for the following conditions: 1. Cardiac arrest caused by pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) 2. Spontaneous sustained VT 3. Asystole 4. Pulseless electrical activity 5. Electrophysiologically inducible VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF) not suppressed by class I antiarrhythmics

1,2,5

Complications of pulmonary artery catheterization include which of the following? 1. Pneumothorax 2. Fluid overload 3. Dehydration 4. Infection 5. Thrombus formation

1,4,5

Place the five phases of a myocardial action potential in correct order. 1. Fast sodium channels are inactivated 2. Cell returns to its "resting" state 3. "Plateau" phase 4. Initial rapid depolarization of myocardial tissues 5. Calcium channels close

4,1,3,5,2

When should intravenous access and medication be considered during pulseless ventricular tachycardia?

After beginning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and attempting defibrillation

How does digoxin exert an inotropic effect on the myocardium?

By reversibly inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase pump

Your patient is experiencing torsades de pointes. What is the proper medication, dose, and route to treat her arrhythmias?

Magnesium sulfate, 1 to 2 g, IV

Your patient is experiencing bronchospasm secondary to asthma and is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy. Her current medications include propafenone, lidocaine, and albuterol. Which of these medications could be contributing to her unresponsiveness to therapy?

Propafenone

The innate pacemaker of the heart is known as the

SA node