pharm ch 40: Antiviral Medications

During the assessment of a pregnant patient, a nurse finds that the patient has active genital herpes lesions. What is the best strategy to prevent the spread of infection to the newborn? 1 Administering folic acid supplements to the patient 2 Performing a cesarean section for the patient during labor 3 Delivering the child during the eighth month of pregnancy 4 Administering intravenous antiviral medications to the patient

Performing a cesarean section for the patient during labor

A patient is prescribed zidovudine. The nurse understands that the drug may cause esophageal ulceration if not taken properly. What instruction will the nurse give to the patient to prevent this adverse effect? 1 "Lie down after taking the drug." 2 "Avoid taking the drug with milk." 3 "Avoid taking the drug with food." 4 "Sit upright when taking the drug."

"Sit upright when taking the drug."

To be effective for treating chickenpox, acyclovir should be initiated within how many hours of the appearance of the rash? 1 8 2 16 3 24 4 56

24

Which nurse should not be assigned to treat a patient who is receiving ribavirin in an aerosol formulation? 1 A nurse who is pregnant 2 A nurse who has a low-grade fever 3 A nurse who has not had chickenpox 4 A nurse on light duty because of a back injury

A nurse who is pregnant

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with genital herpes. Which medication is the drug of choice for this patient? 1 Ribavirin 2 Acyclovir 3 Zidovudine 4 Amantadine

Acyclovir

Which agent is used to treat most infections caused by herpes simplex viruses and varicella-zoster virus? 1 Acyclovir 2 Zanamivir 3 Ganciclovir 4 Amantadine

Acyclovir

A patient has been diagnosed with genital herpes. What drug will be used to treat and manage this infection? 1 Ribavirin 2 Acyclovir 3 Zidovudine 4 Amantadine

Acyclovir - Acyclovir is indicated for the treatment of genital herpes.

Which patient group should receive the Zostavax vaccine? 1 Children 2 Newborns 3 Pregnant patients 4 Patient 50 years of age and older

Patient 50 years of age and older

What are the common adverse effects of the antiviral drug ribavirin? Select all that apply. 1 Anemia 2 Conjunctivitis 3 Peripheral neuropathy 4 Orthostatic hypotension 5 Bone marrow suppression

Anemia Conjunctivitis

The nurse is caring for a patient taking foscarnet. What will the nurse monitor to identify potential side effects of this medication? 1 Platelets 2 Stool guaiac 3 Hemoglobin and hematocrit 4 Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

What is the dose-limiting toxicity of ganciclovir treatment? 1 Pancreatitis 2 Renal toxicity 3 Peripheral neuropathy 4 Bone marrow suppression

Bone marrow suppression

A patient is diagnosed with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Which drug should the nurse expect to administer to this patient? 1 Ribavirin 2 Cidofovir 3 Acyclovir 4 Amantadine

Cidofovir - Cidofovir is an antiviral drug that is used to treat CMV infection. It is effective against CMV retinitis.

What is the primary assessment the nurse should make for a patient who is taking ganciclovir sodium? 1 Input and output 2 Bowel elimination 3 Blood urea nitrogen 4 Complete blood count

Complete blood count - Bone marrow suppression is a dose-limiting toxicity of ganciclovir, and a complete blood count should be monitored.

Which antiviral drug causes lipodystrophy as a major adverse effect? 1 Darunavir 2 Zalcitabine 3 Zidovudine 4 Didanosine

Darunavir - Protease inhibitors such as darunavir cause lipodystrophy, or redistribution of fat stores under the skin, resulting in cosmetically undesirable outcomes.

Which microorganism is directly affected by acyclovir? 1 Herpes zoster 2 Proteus vulgaris 3 Pneumocystis carinii 4 Staphylococcus aureus

Herpes zoster

A patient who is treated with zidovudine develops blistering rashes, fever, and myalgia. What should the nurse do first? 1 Ask the patient to take bed rest. 2 Administer antipyretic medications. 3 Administer antihistamine medications. 4 Inform the primary health care provider.

Inform the primary health care provider.

A patient has been prescribed acyclovir. What precautionary measure should the nurse implement to minimize kidney damage associated with this drug? 1 Use the solution within 24 hours 2 Infuse acyclovir over at least 1 hour 3 Provide ice chips during the infusion 4 Assess the intravenous site frequently for redness

Infuse acyclovir over at least 1 hour - As a means of reducing the risk of crystalluria and renal tubule damage, the nurse infuses acyclovir over at least 1 hour, because renal damage is associated with too rapid infusion of this drug.

A patient has been prescribed tenofovir. After taking the drug for 3 days, the patient contacts the nurse to report experiencing muscle pain and weakness. What is the nurse's highest priority action? 1 Reassure the patient that the symptom is time limited and will resolve. 2 Instruct the patient to hold doses of the medication until further notice. 3 Reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect of the medication. 4 Instruct the patient to self-medicate with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication.

Instruct the patient to hold doses of the medication until further notice. - The patient should not take any more doses of the medication until the health care provider can evaluate the patient. Muscle pain and weakness may be related to lactic acidosis, a serious adverse effect of the medication.

The health care provider is considering prescribing a patient ritonavir. The patient tells the nurse about recently being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. What is the nurse's highest priority action? 1 Instruct the patient to keep an accurate glucose log. 2 Notify the health care provider of the new information. 3 Instruct the patient to monitor blood sugars more often. 4 Notify the pharmacist that a larger dose will be needed.

Notify the health care provider of the new information. - The health care provider should be notified of this new information. Patients with diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia may experience an exacerbation of their condition during ritonavir treatment.

A patient who is resistant to several antiretroviral therapies is prescribed maraviroc. What substance in the patient's history would decrease the therapeutic effect of the drug? 1 Ginger 2 St. John's wort 3 Acetaminophen 4 Oral contraceptives

St. John's wort

A nurse is preparing to administer a non-human immunodeficiency virus antiviral drug to an infant. Before administering the drug, the nurse asks the family if any close family members are pregnant. What is the patient's diagnosis? 1 Herpes virus infection 2 Influenza virus infection 3 Cytomegalovirus infection 4 Respiratory syncytial virus infection

Respiratory syncytial virus infection - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a viral infection that is treated with ribavirin. RSV is not usually treated in adults, and the drug is strictly contraindicated in pregnant woman and their male partners, because the drug has teratogenic effects.

Which drug is used to manage viral pneumonia in a patient with respiratory syncytial virus? 1 Ribavirin 2 Flucytosine 3 Amantadine 4 Griseofulvin

Ribavirin

The stool reports of a patient confirm gastroenteritis. Which viral infection should the nurse suspect the patient to have? Select all that apply. 1 Rotaviruses 2 Adenoviruses 3 Papovaviruses 4 Hepadnaviruses 5 Norwalk-like viruses

Rotaviruses Norwalk-like viruses

A child has contracted chickenpox and is treated successfully. Which infection is the child prone to develop as an adult? 1 Shingles 2 Retinitis 3 Gastroenteritis 4 Kaposi sarcoma

Shingles

A patient taking amantadine is experiencing anxiety and dizziness. What intervention should the nurse perform first? 1 Call the health care provider. 2 Request a consultation for counseling. 3 Take the patient's blood pressure sitting and standing. 4 Evaluate the patient for other central nervous system effects from the medication.

Take the patient's blood pressure sitting and standing. - The side effects and adverse reactions to amantadine include insomnia, nervousness, lightheadedness, anorexia, nausea, anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension, and blurred vision. The nurse should evaluate the patient for orthostatic hypotension first to address safety issues. Nervousness is a known side effect of amantadine and is not necessarily an indication that the patient requires counseling. Additionally, the safety concern of orthostatic hypotension would be the first priority before other interventions.

The nurse is assessing a pregnant patient who has active herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). What precautions should the nurse suggest to the patient to ensure the newborn's safety? 1 To receive a vaccination 2 To take antiviral therapy in first trimester 3 To increase the intake of iron supplements 4 To give birth via cesarean section (C-section)

To give birth via cesarean section (C-section) - Patients infected with HSV-2 are usually recommended to give birth via C-section to prevent the baby from contracting the infection.

What will the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral agents administered to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection? 1 Viral load 2 Lymphocyte counts 3 Red blood cell counts 4 Megakaryocyte counts

Viral load