Pharm Chapter 42: Drugs Used to Treat Glaucoma and Other Eye Disorders
Diagnostic agents
Fluorescein Used in finding hard contact lenses and aid in identifying foreign bodies in the eye and cornea abrasions
Anti-inflammatory agents
Flurbiprofen sodiume Ketorolac tromethamine Bromfenac Nepafenac Diclofenac Sodium Fenac & Ketorlac
wet macular degeneration
New blood vessels growing beneath the retina leak blood and fluid, damaging the retinal cells. These small hemorrhages usually result in rapid and severe vision loss.
Mydriatic and cycloplegics therapeutic class
Red
IOP build up and is not treated can cause what?
Loss of vision
Antifungal agents
Natacyn (natamycin) is used to treat fungal infections of the eye, such as blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis. Yeast Sensitivity to bright light
Alpha Adrenergic agent
Action- pupil dilation increase outflow of aqueous humor, basal construction, relaxation of ciliary muscle (open up pupils) Used- to lower IOP in open angle glaucoma
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Actions Used in ophthalmology to reduce elevated IOP, exact mechanism unknown Used- to reduce IOP in pt with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular HTN
antiviral agents
Acyclovir- Avaclyr Ganciclovir- Zirgan Clovir- anti viral Action- inhibiting viral replication Used- herpetic keratitis chlamydia Don't use more 7 to 14 days, if used 21 days of cont treatment potential toxicity
dry macular degeneration
Age and thinning of the tissue caused by the slow deterioration of the cells of the macula
Antihistamines
Alcaftadine Azelastine Bepotastine Cetirzine Emedastine Epinastine Ketotifen Olopatadine Ine and en- antihistamine
Anticholinergics agents
Antropine sulfate - Isopto-Atropine( don't use on infants) Cyclopentolate- Cyclogyl Homatropine hydrobromide- homatropaire Topicamide- Mydriacyl ( CNS disturbance hallucinations, LOC
Alpha Adrenergic agent
Apraclonidine -Lopidine Brimonidine- Alphagan P Phyenylephrine- Altafrin ( dilation in uveitis, open angle glaucoma) Tetrahydrozline- Visine ( reduce redness)
antibiotics
Azithromycin- AzaSite Bacitracin Ciprofloxacin- ciloxan Erythromycin Ofloxacin- Ocuflox Tobramycin- Tobrex Used to treat superficial eye infection or prophylaxis against gonarrhea in newborns
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Gray
Miotics therapeutic class
Green
The nurse is preparing a patient for an ophthalmic examination. Which action occurs when the nurse instills eyedrops to produce mydriasis?
Extreme dilation of the pupil
Acute closed-angle glaucoma requires
Immediate treatment to refuce IOP
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Macular degeneration Pegaptanib- Macugen Aflibercept - eylea Broblucizumab-Beovu
Rho kinase inhibitors
Netarsudil (Rhopressa) Action - decrease IOP by increasing trabecular mesh work overflow
The nurse is educating a patient about a newly prescribed cholinergic agent. When relaying common adverse effects of this type of medication, the nurse will include information about (Select all that apply.)
a. conjunctival irritation. b. headache. ANS: A, B
Beta-adrenergic blocking agent
Timolol maleate (Timoptic) Onset- 30mins up to 24 hr duration
anti-infective therapeutic class
Brown or tan
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents therapeutic class
Yellow, blue or both
Acute closed-angle glaucoma occurs when
A sudden increase in IOP caused by mechanical obstruction of the trabecular in the iridocorneal angle It occur on pt who have narrow anterior chamber angle
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide (diamox), brinzolamide (azopt), dorzolamide (trusopt) Lamide- opt
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Action- inhibits of enzyme, result in a decreasing in the production of aqueous humor decreasing IOP Used- in conjunction with other control IOP in intracular HTN, closed angle and open angle glaucoma
Bets adrenergic blocking agents
Betaxolol - Betoptics ( weeks of treatment to get effects of dose) Timolol- Timoptic ( onset with in 30 mins)
Prostaglandins Agonist
Bimatoprost- Lumigan Latanoprost- Xalatan ( do not exceed dosage decrease IOP) Tafluprost - Zoltan Prost- Tans
Corticosteroids
Dexamethasone -Maxidex Loteprednol- lotemax Prednisone - Pre Mild Used for allergic reaction of the eye and non- infectious inflammatory conditions; conjunctiva, sclera, cornea and anterior uveal tract
Phenylephrine (altafrin)
Dilation in uveitis open angle glaucoma and diagnostic procedures
Anticholinergics agents
Producing mydriasis (extreme dilation of pupils) and cycloplegia( paralysis Medication safety alert- can cause increase IOP with pt with narrow anterior chamber angle: in infants, children & older adults and in pt with HTN, hyperthyroidism and DM. Sensitivity to light
7. What information will the nurse include when teaching the patient and family about postoperative care for a trabeculectomy? (Select all that apply.)
a. Use aseptic technique for all dressing changes and medication administration. c. Avoid heavy lifting. d. Redness in the eye, pain, and swelling are common occurrences after surgery. e. Avoid straining on defecation. ANS: A- use aseptic technique for all dressing changes and medication administrations C- avoid heavy lifting D- redness in the eye, pain and swelling are common occurrences after surgery E- avoid straining on deification
Prostaglandin agonist
action- lowers IOP by dilating blood vessels in the trabecular mesh use- allow more fluid to leave eye Adverse effects- darkens eye color, lengthens eye lashes
alpha-adrenergic agents
phenylephrine (Altafrin) Brimonidine (AlphaganP)
