PHARM chp. 26

A physical or psychologic state characterized by a compulsion to take a drug is termed: Answers: a. drug dependence. b. enabling. c. psychologic dependence. d. tolerance. e. abstinence syndrome.

a

"Bath salts" are related to: Answers: a. opioid analgesics. b. marijuana. c. amphetamines. d. lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).

c

Drug withdrawal from sedative-hypnotic agents can be more life threatening than withdrawal from opioids. Answers: True False

true

The potential for abuse of a drug is greatly increased by all of the following factors except which one? Answers: a. Long duration of action b. Very potent c. Inexpensive d. Easy to distribute

a

What is the primary reason why treatment can be dangerous with an active methamphetamine user? Answers: a. The use of local anesthetic can intensify the cardiac effects of meth. b. The person may be psychotic. c. The person may become paranoid and bite the operator. d. The sound of the dental drill can cause the patient to become agitated.

a

Which of the following choices is not a symptom of ethyl alcohol intoxication? Answers: a. Constricted pupils b. Ataxia c. Emotional lability d. Impairment of judgment

a

Which of the following are true of nicotine in smoking tobacco and smokeless tobacco? (Select all that apply.) Answers: a. There are many other components of tobacco smoke that are harmful in addition to nicotine. b. Chronic use of tobacco is causally related to many serious diseases, including coronary artery disease and oral and lung cancers. c. About one-half of the adult American population smokes cigarettes. d. Smokeless tobacco is a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.

a and b

Approximately _____% of incarcerated individuals are there because of drug abuse problems. Answers: a. 40 b. 80 c. 60 d. 20

b

At which stage of ethyl alcohol withdrawal are hallucinations most prevalent? Answers: a. Stage 3 b. Stage 2 c. Ethyl alcohol withdrawal is not associated with hallucinations. d. Stage 1

b

Disulfiram is an agent used in the treatment of: Answers: a. barbiturate overdose. b. alcoholism. c. opioid withdrawal. d. ethyl alcohol withdrawal.

b

Nitrous oxide abuse: Answers: a. is primarily seen in food service employees. b. can cause infertility. c. can cause myelocytosis. d. can lead to physical dependence.

b

Signs and symptoms of an acute overdose of amphetamines include: Answers: a. hypothermia. b. diaphoresis. c. excessive salivation. d. pinpoint pupils.

b

Tolerance is characterized by the need to _____ the dose continually to achieve a desired effect or providing the same dose that produces a(n) _____ effect. Answers: a. decrease; diminishing b. increase; diminishing c. increase; increasing d. decrease; increasing

b

What is "spice" or "K-2"? Answers: a. A British female pop group or a brand of snow skis b. A designer drug created by spraying natural herbs with synthetic chemicals that produce psychoactive effects similar to cannabis c. The stems of the hemp plant rather than the leaves d. A version of phencyclidine (PCP) e. A method of smoking oregano to get a hallucinogenic effect

b

Which agent has a withdrawal syndrome characterized by yawning, rhinorrhea, and chills that alternate with excessive sweating? Answers: a. Diazepam b. Heroin c. Nicotine d. Amphetamine

b

Which drug is associated with a deficiency of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X after chronic abuse? Answers: a. Nicotine b. Ethyl alcohol c. Nitrous oxide d. Cocaine

b

Which of the following drugs may be used to reduce alcohol craving? Answers: a. Metronidazole b. Naltrexone c. Chlordiazepoxide d. Vitamin K

b

Abuse of _____ is the number one public health problem in the United States. Answers: a. stimulants b. hallucinogens c. alcohol d. opioids

c

Advanced periodontal disease, jaundice, and palmar erythema are signs of: Answers: a. Wernicke encephalopathy. b. smokeless tobacco use. c. advanced alcoholic liver disease. d. chronic nitrous oxide use.

c

Which agent produces a state described as a complete satiation of all drives? Answers: a. Ethyl alcohol b. Nitrous oxide c. Morphine d. Cocaine e. Methaqualone

c

Which drug syndrome produces symptoms resembling pernicious anemia? Answers: a. Chronic alcoholism b. Chronic tobacco use c. Chronic nitrous oxide use d. Opioid withdrawal

c

Agents capable of changing behavior or inducing a psychosis-like reaction are termed: Answers: a. hallucinogenic. b. psychedelic. c. psychotomimetic. d. psychoactive.

d

All of the following are true of marijuana use except which one? Answers: a. A common adverse reaction is a panic attack. b. Marijuana is effective as an antiemetic. c. The agent can cause xerostomia. d. Physical dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms are common.

d

All of the following statements are descriptive of psychologic dependence except which one? Answers: a. It often involves drug-seeking behavior. b. It is a state in which the person feels unable to maintain optimal performance without the drug. c. It may vary from mild desire to compulsive obsession. d. It is not as strong as physical dependence.

d

Chronic alcohol use increases the risk of cancer of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver, which may occur with tobacco use in a(n) _____ effect. Answers: a. canceling b. additive c. negative d. synergistic

d

Enabling is an inappropriate behavior that requires family therapy because it involves the actions that family or friends take to supply the addict with the drug. Answers: a. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related. b. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. c. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. d. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. e. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

d

For which of the following agents does treatment of withdrawal involve replacement of the abused drug with an equivalent drug, followed by gradual withdrawal of the equivalent drug? Answers: a. Opioid analgesics b. Sedative-hypnotics c. Alcohol d. All of the above e. None of the above

d

Prescribing _____ for analgesia is best when treating a dental patient who abuses opioids. Answers: a. Vicodin. b. Percocet. c. Tylenol #3 with codeine. d. nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

d

The incidence of alcoholism in the United States is approximately: Answers: a. 20%. b. 10%. c. 5%. d. 15%.

d

The triad of narcotic overdose is: Answers: a. hyperactive behavior, dilated pupils, and cardiac arrhythmias. b. elevated blood pressure, blank stare, and rigidity. c. respiratory depression, cardiac depression, and sleep. d. respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and coma.

d

Which of the following statements is true of alcoholism? Answers: a. Penicillin is known to produce a disulfiram-like reaction. b. A patient will vomit if he or she takes naltrexone while consuming alcohol. c. Inpatient detoxification is required for most alcoholics. d. A genetic link for alcoholism exists.

d

Which of the following statements is true regarding addiction, habituation, and dependence? Answers: a. The longer the half-life of the drug is, the quicker the withdrawal will be. b. A barbiturate can be substituted for an opioid, and vice versa. c. When comparing drugs of the same group, the time required to produce physical dependence is longest with a rapidly metabolized drug and shortest with a slowly metabolized drug. d. Cross-tolerance may be either partial or complete and is determined more by the pharmacologic effect of the drug than by its chemical structure.

d

Dental health care workers should have heightened awareness of the issues of drug abuse because: Answers: a. their coworkers may abuse drugs in the workplace. b. "shoppers" may interact with health care workers in an effort to obtain controlled substances. c. patients who abuse drugs intravenously are more likely to contract sexually transmitted or blood-borne diseases that are transmissible to the dental health care worker. d. dentist's offices have prescription pads and abusable substances that need to be safely monitored. e. of all of the above.

e

Physical dependence: Answers: a. is a state of mind in which a person believes that he or she is unable to maintain optimal performance without having taken a drug. b. is established by withdrawal syndrome. c. refers to the altered physiologic state that results from constantly increasing drug concentrations. d. Both a and b are correct. e. Both b and c are correct.

e

Abuse is the use of a drug for a disease state in a way considered inappropriate. Answers: True False

false

Bupropion is an effective treatment for alcoholism. Answers: True False

false

Chewing tobacco will not lead to cancer because the tobacco is not burned nor the smoke inhaled. Answers: True False

false

During drug withdrawal, symptoms appear that are opposite of the symptoms of drug use. Answers: True False

true