Pharmacology 2 FInal Review
Spironolactone is prescribed at 1.5 mg/kg q 12 hours for a Labrador Retriever weighing 65 lbs. What is the dose this dog should receive for one dose? 44 mg 22 mg 14 mg 97.5 mg
44mg
Which patient would the DVM recommend Metronidazole (Flagyl) for: A patient that is constipated due to dehydration A patient with excess stomach acid production due to anorexia A patient that is vomiting due to intestinal foreign body A patient with diarrhea due to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
A patient with diarrhea due to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Which patient would the DVM recommend Metoclopramide (Reglan) for: A patient with nausea due to pancreatitis A patient with acid reflux secondary to anorexia A patient with nausea and vomiting due to a gastric foreign body A patient with constipation
A patient with nausea due to pancreatitis
Which of the following drugs is a phenothiazine tranquilizer commonly used to calm patients in the recovery period? Diazepam Acepromazine Morphine Midazolam
Acepromazine
Which of the following drugs is not reversible? Acepromazine Dexmedetomidine Methadone Diazepam
Acepromazine
Which of the following is a neuroactive steroid anesthetic? Telazol Propofol Etomidate Alfaxalone
Alfaxalone
Common sides effects of bronchodilators include: Dizziness Tachycardia All listed answers Nervousness Tremors
All listed answers
Which of the four categories of analgesic medications is used primarily for sedation although they have some mild analgesic effects as well? Opioids NSAIDs Alpha2 agonists Local anesthetics
Alpha2 agonists
Which of the following is an Aminoglycoside? Amikacin Doxycycline Enrofloxacin Ampicillin
Amikacin
Which of the following drugs is a methylxanthine? Terbutaline Enalapril Albuterol Aminophylline
Aminophylline
If the kidneys fail to produce erythropoietin, what clinical sign would the patient develop? Polycythemia Thrombocytopenia Anemia Nephritis
Anemia
Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat dental infections? Clavamox Antirobe Simplecef Baytril
Antirobe
Drugs that are used to block the cough reflex are called: Expectorants Antitussives Mucolytics Antihistamines
Antitussives
Which of the following is a potential side effect of administering propofol too quickly? Apnea Hypothermia Hypertension Tachycardia
Apnea
What NSAID may administered to cats with a dosing interval of 2 days or more? Naproxen Carprofen Aspirin Ibuprofen
Aspirin
The doctor orders a patient to receive a CRI of fentanyl. How often will this drug be administered? Every 4 hr Every 6 hr Every 2 hr At a constant rate
At a constant rate
Patients with decreased renal function are: Not affected by drug therapy At decreased risk for complications from drug therapy At increased risk for complications from drug therapy
At increased risk for complications from drug therapy
Which of the following drugs is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug? Ketamine Banamine Triamcinolone Oxymorphone
Banamine
It is known that if the suffix of a drug ends in "-caine" it will do what? Provide antimicrobial effects. Block a nerve. Provide anti-inflammatory effects. Last for 24 hours.
Block a nerve.
What is considered a normal finding when alpha2 agonists are used? Anemia Tachycardia Bradycardia Hypotension
Bradycardia
What are two common side effects of propranolol and atenolol? (Choose two) Dehydration Hypertension Hypotension Tachycardia Bradycardia
Bradycardia Hypotension
What groups of drugs are most commonly used in the long term treatment of feline asthma. Choose two: Steroids Bronchodilators Antihistamines Antibiotics NSAID's
Bronchodilators NSAID's
Which of the following opioids can be used effectively in the feline patient when administered via the transmucosal route? Morphine Butorphanol Methadone Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine
What drug is used for relief of non-productive coughs, analgesia and preanesthesia in dogs and cats Temaril-P Dopram Butorphanol Hydrocodone
Butorphanol
What is epinephrine clinically used for? Dilated cardiomyopathy Acute heart failure Cardiac resuscitation Congestive heart failure
Cardiac resuscitation
Which of the following drugs is a Cephalosporin? Vibramycin Clavamox Cefazolin Gentocin
Cefazolin
Which of the following drugs is known as Simplicef? Gentamicin Cefpodoxime Doxycycline Cefazolin
Cefpodoxime
Name the target tissue for apomorphine and maropitant: Blocks H2 receptors Cardiac sphincter All of the listed answers Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)
What antiinfective drug is banned from use in food animals because of the risk to human health (causing aplastic anemia)? Lincosamides Chloramphenicol Enrofloxacin Cephalexin
Chloramphenicol
Which of the following is a Penicillin? Baytril Clindamycin Clavamox Cephazolin
Clavamox
Which of the following drugs is known as Antirobe? Ketoconazole Gentamicin Cefazolin Clindamycin
Clindamycin
Chronic administration of high doses of glucocorticoids can cause iatrogenic: Addison disease Cushing's disease Johne disease Renal failure
Cushing's disease
What is a common side effect of loop diuretics? Dehydration Hypernatremia Hyperkalemia Excitabliity
Dehydration
What are two common side effects of loop diuretics? Choose two: Hypernatremia Anxiety Dehydration Excitability Hypokalemia
Dehydration Hypokalemia
Griseofulvin acts on Gram-positive bacteria Dermatophytes Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria
Dermatophytes
Which of these drugs is available over the counter as an antitussive? Temaril-P Dextromethorphan Codeine Butorphanol
Dextromethorphan
Mrs. Stillman's poodle Roxy has been diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy. In the event of a seizure at home, which drug has the doctor decided to dispense, which Mrs. Stillman can administer per rectum? Phenobarbital Pentobarbital Acepromazine Diazepam
Diazepam
Which of the following is not a barbiturate anesthetic drug? Thiopental Diazepam Pentobarbital Phenobarbital
Diazepam
What do ACE-inhibitors do? Dilate bronchioles Increase the rate of cardiac contractions Dilate peripheral blood vessels Increase cardiac contractility
Dilate peripheral blood vessels
Puppies delivered by C-section that aren't breathing on their own may be treated with: Diazepam Doxapram Dobutamine Digoxin
Doxapram
Which of the following drugs is an tetracycline? Clavamox Gentocin Doxycycline Cefazolin
Doxycycline
______________________is an emotional state characterized by anxiety, depression or unease. Dysphonia Dysphonia Dysphoria Dysphagia
Dysphoria
Which of the following drug is known as Enacard? Enalapril Pimobendan Digoxin Epinephrine
Enalapril
Which of the following drugs is an ACE-inhibitor? Epinephrine Enalapril Pimobendan Furosemide
Enalpril
Which of the following drugs is known as Baytril? Marbofloxacin Cefazolin Doxycycline Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Which of the following is contraindicated in young growing animals due to cartilage abnormalities? Cefazolin Gentamicin Ketoconazole Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Hypertension is not a common side effect of renal disease. True False
False
Name the opioid drug commonly administered as a transdermal patch.
Fentanyl
An inotropic agents affect the Rhythm of contraction Rate of contraction Rate of relaxation Force of contraction
Force of contraction
Which of the following drugs is a loop diuretic that is used for cardiogenic (pulmonary) edema? Digoxin Furosemide Pimobendon Enalapril
Furosemide
Which of the following drugs is a loop diuretic that is used for cardiogenic/pulmonary edema? Furosemide Digoxin Enalapril Pimobendan
Furosemide
Which of the following drugs is known as Lasix? Furosemide Enalapril Digoxin Pimobendan
Furosemide
Which drug is often administered to cats before undergoing limb amputation or declaw surgery to help prevent neuropathic pain and to lessen the chance of chronic pain developing? Gabapentin Cefazolin Carprofen Glucose
Gabapentin
Name the target tissue for Famotidine: Gastric tissue, H2 receptors Brain, CRTZ Duodenum, intestinal cells Cardiac sphincter
Gastric tissue, H2 receptors
Which of the following may produce nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity? Enrofloxacin Ketoconazole Cefazolin Gentamicin
Gentamicin
Glucocorticoids have different durations of activity, a fact that plays an important role in their risk of side effects with long-term use. Which of the following glucocorticoids has the shortest duration of activity? Hydrocortisone Predisone Triamcinolone Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone
Which of the following drug combinations is considered neuroleptanalgesia? Atropine and morphine Hydromorphone and acepromazine Midazolam and etomidate Butorphanol and oxymorphone
Hydromorphone and acepromazine
Which of the following is not a characteristic of alpha-2 agonists? Analgesia Muscle relaxation Increased heart rate Sedation
Increased heart rate
Glucocorticoids are often used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of all of the following conditions except: Musculoskeletal problems Infections Allergies Immune-mediated disease
Infections
Which drug is a dissociative anesthetic? Alfaxalone Ketamine Etomidate Propofol
Ketamine
You were assigned to work the front office at the hospital today. When you walk back to the treatment area, you notice a cat has been pre-anesthetized. The cat has eyes wide-open, lack of blinking, the limbs are stiffly distended, and is salivating profusely. Your highly educated guess is that this cat was anesthetized using which of the following drugs? Ketamine Medetomidine Propofol Xylazine
Ketamine
Which of the following drugs is used to treat ringworm? Convenia Ketoconazole Baytril Gentocin
Ketoconazole
An expectorant drug acts to: Reduce allergic agents in respiratory tract Stop inflammation in the respiratory tract Liquefy and dilute mucus secretions Stop a cough
Liquefy and dilute mucus secretions
Which of the four categories of analgesic medications are classified as nerve blocking agents? Alpha2 agonists Opioids Local anesthetics NSAIDs
Local anesthetics
In what organ are most inhalant anesthetic drugs metabolized (biotransformed)? Eyes Lungs Liver Skin
Lungs
Which is an example of an osmotic diuretic that may be used to treat IOP or ICP? Pimobendan Digitalis Diltiazem Mannitol
Mannitol
Which of the following induction methods should be avoided in patients undergoing an ophthalmic procedure? Mask or box inductions Alfaxalone Thiopental Propofol
Mask or box inductions
Beuthanasia solution is back-ordered at the distributor so your employer asks you to order a different euthanasia solution. In researching the available drugs, you are reminded that the active ingredient in most euthanasia solutions is: Phenobarbital Methohexital Thiopental Pentobarbital
Methohexital
Which of the following drugs has an anti-inflammatory effect as well as antibacterial and antiprotozoal? Amikacin Ampicillin Enrofloxacin Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Which of the following opioids is most commonly used for epidural analgesia? Morphine Buprenorphine Lidocaine Bupivicaine
Morphine
Name the primary opioid antagonist medication commonly used in veterinary medicine.
Naloxone
What is Cerenia (Maropitant) clinically used to treat? Stool softner Slows down GI motility Nausea and vomiting Reduces acid production in stomach
Nausea and vomiting
What drug is commonly used for female dogs with urinary incontinence and which two lab parameters must we measure regularly once they are taking it? Amoxicillin; UA and DTM Clavamox; UA and TP Phenylpropanolamine; UA and BP Furosemide; UA and PCV
Phenylpropanolamine; UA and BP
Which of the following drugs is known as Vetmedin? Pimobendan Furosemide Enalapril Epinephrine
Pimobendan
What type of drug improves the strength of cardiac contraction? Beta blockers Positive inotropes Diuretics Vasodilators
Positive inotropes
Controlled substances are classified into five different categories based on what? Level of adverse reaction Potential for abuse Pain management Sedation rate
Potential for abuse
What drug is not an NSAID? Flunixin Phenylbutazone Prednisone Aspirin
Prednisone
Which side effects are common with injectable and inhalant anesthetics? Progressive depression of the cardiovascular and respiratory function as the depth of anesthesia increases Hypothermia-related event Tachycardia followed by bradycardia A period of apnea
Progressive depression of the cardiovascular and respiratory function as the depth of anesthesia increases
Propofol is a/an: Ultra-short-acting barbiturate Short-acting hypnotic agent Ketaminelike dissociative Neuroactive steroid
Short-acting hypnotic agent
One of the adverse side effects of opioid administration is: Systemic hypertension Induction of cardiac arrhythmias Increased seizure activity in epileptic animals Significant respiratory depression
Significant respiratory depression
Name the primary gastromucosal protectant commonly used in veterinary medicine.
Sucralfate
When instructed to administer sucralfate and an acid reducer for your patient, which one would you give first and how much time would you wait in between medications? Acid-reducer; 15-25 minutes Sucralfate; 60 minutes Acid-reducer; 30-60 minutes Sucralfate; 10-15 minutes
Sucralfate; 60 minutes
A very useful group of broad-spectrum drugs whose popularity has more recently declined because of numerous potential side effects including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, polyarthritis (especially in Doberman pinschers), hematuria, photosensitivity, and hypothyroidism, is the Fluoroquinolones Sulfonamides Tetracyclines Macrolides
Sulfonamides
What do we call a collapse episode due to heart disease? Dissociation Syncope Cardiac collapse Seizure
Syncope
If a client calls to report that her dog has started vomiting while taking the NSAID carprofen, what is the best course of action? Do nothing but monitor for further GI problems such as diarrhea. Tell the client to give an antacid to help the pet feel better. Tell the client to stop using the carprofen and have a veterinarian see the pet. Tell the client to give hydrogen peroxide to stimulate more vomiting to ensure all of the carprofen is out of the dog's system.
Tell the client to stop using the carprofen and have a veterinarian see the pet.
When a patient is switching from one NSAID to another, what is the best course of action? The patient should be administered food with the medication to decrease GI upset. The patient should experience a "washout" period of 3-5 days to minimize the risk of concurrent side effects The patient should start both drugs concurrently to minimize the likelihood of breakthrough pain The patient should never switch NSAIDs.
The patient should experience a "washout" period of 3-5 days to minimize the risk of concurrent side effects
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have what mechanism of action (MOA)? They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. They are mu opioid receptor agonists. They are alpha-2 receptor agonists. They block sodium channels.
They inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.
One of the main goals in treating cardiac disease is to maintain or increase cardiac output. True False
True
Cats should never receive __________. Cats lack an enzyme required to metabolize it, resulting in liver toxicity and an inability of the red blood cells to carry oxygen. Onsior (robenicoxib) Tylenol (acetaminophen) Metacam (meloxicam) Rompun (xylazine)
Tylenol (acetaminophen)
What type of drug makes vessels larger and decreasing blood pressure? Beta blockers Positive inotropes Vasodilators Bronchodilators
Vasodilators
Which of the following is/are not a side effect of oral glucocorticoid administration in dogs? Delayed wound healing Polyphagia Vomiting Poluria and polydipsia
Vomiting
What special precautions need to be taken when using this medication? (Nitroglycerin Ointment) Make sure there is not a corneal ulcer Wear gloves Do not use in cats Make sure the ear drum is intact
Wear gloves
A Dachshund with vertebral disc disease that cries out in pain when any part of its body is touched is an example of Allodynia Wind-up Hyperalgesia Dysphoria
Wind-up
Name the primary Methylxanthine agent found in Chocolate to cause toxicity in dogs and cats?
Xylitol
Which of the following blocks a particular opioid receptor? an agonist an antagonist COX-2 inhibition COX-1 inhibition
an antagonist
Opioid antagonists work by blocking opioid action at the receptors. binding with opioids in the vascular space. over powering the opioid activity. increasing metabolism of the opioids.
blocking opioid action at the receptors.
Pain receptors are also called anti-inflammatory receptors. corticoceptors. analgesiaceptors. nociceptors
nociceptors
Signs of pain in animals can be categorized as physiologic or behavioral. behavioral or temporal. psychologic or metabolic. metabolic or physiologic.
physiologic or behavioral.
Preemptive analgesia means the best way to treat pain is to treat immediately upon signs of pain and distress. wait until the animal absolutely needs some relief. supply the maximum allowed dosages of pain medication. prevent it.
prevent it.
Which of the following drugs is not considered an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist? xylazine medetomidine yohimbine dexmedetomidine
yohimbine
