pharmacology chapters 20-31

Which of the following is NOT true regarding side effects from oral contraceptives?

Hypertension risk decreases the longer a woman is on oral contraceptives.

Common signs and symptoms of neurological disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

diarrhea or constipation

Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland but is regulated by the parathyroid gland to ensure an adequate supply of calcium for neuromuscular and endocrine function.

true

Central-acting and direct-acting muscle relaxants are the drugs of choice for muscle spasticity.

true

ursodiol

reducing cholesterol in bile

When a local ophthalmic anesthetic is used a patient may lose the blink reflex and pain associated with ophthalmic procedures.

true

When medications are taken over a prolonged period of time, the brain adapts to the medication, which may be either beneficial or detrimental.

true

When smoked, marijuana has its effect in 5 to 15 minutes, peaking in 30 to 90 minutes, and lasting for 3 to 4 hours.

true

Which of the following is NOT true of hypertension and its treatment?

Compliance with antihypertensive therapy is easily accomplished because the patient has headaches and lethargy that are reminders to take medications.

sodium bicarbonate

GERD

Antianxiety medications are also called

minor tranquilizers and anxiolytics

nupercainal

rectal fissures

Which of the following is NOT true of topical hemostatics?

The size and place of a wound have no bearing on which topical hemostatic agent is used.

Upper urinary tract infections are associated with all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

burning and frequency of urination

Which of the following are the most frequently abused drugs?

caffeine

Which of the following are NOT common symptoms of urinary tract disorders?

chest pain and nausea

Major electrolytes that need replacement include all of the following EXCEPT

chlorides

What is NOT a source of inhalants commonly used for euphoria and hallucinations?

cleaning supplies, glue, paints, hairsprays

Occlusive dressings allow antifungals to remain in contact with the skin for a longer period of time, and these dressings increase the efficacy of the drug.

false

Oral contraceptives may be used to treat acne in females after menarche and those who have not responded to topical medications.

false

Patients starting most immunomodulators and TNF inhibitors should have a tuberculin skin test at the end of treatment.

false

The adrenocorticotropic hormone is used primarily for diagnostic testing, is often used therapeutically even though its effects are variable.

false

The half-life of cocaine is fairly long, leading to toxicity and the chance of acute intoxication.

false

Which of the following is NOT true of antiplatelet medications?

(all of the above) They suppress the clumping of platelets. The most frequently used antiplatelet medication is aspirin. They are effective in preventing myocardial infarctions and strokes. Low doses of aspirin are just as effective as high doses

Antihypertensives cure hypertension.

false

Antitussives are especially effective for the productive cough.

false

Colchicine is an analgesic used in gout.

false

DMARDs are used with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis prior to use of NSAIDs, the last line therapy.

false

In the majority of cases one drug will be sufficient for control of emesis related to chemotherapy.

false

Most topical antiviral medications are applied only once a day.

false

Mucolytics increase the viscosity of respiratory secretions.

false

OTC ophthalmic medications are always safe for use by all people because the FDA has approved the use of these drugs.

false

How long should you wait between puffs of a MDI requiring 2 puffs to complete the dose.

1 min

According to the chapter, the usual dose of Plan B is

1 pill within 72 hrs and another 12 hr laterr

Mental health is concerned with which of the following aspects of a person? 1. physical health 2. cognitive health and affective being 3. behavioral and social health 4. the environment

1,2,3, and 4

Which of the following are true of somatropin? 1. It is also known as growth hormone. 2. It is expensive to prescribe. 3. It should be used for any child who is of short stature. 4. It has a drug interaction with insulin. 5. Variations in its secretion may lead to acromegaly in adults and dwarfism in children.

1,2,4, and 5

Which of the following statements are true concerning ophthalmic anti-inflammatory and antiinfective agents? 1. Most ophthalmic antiinfective/anti-inflammatory agents are effective on mucous membranes that have been injured or are inflamed. 2. To discourage drug-resistant strains of antiinfectives, antibiotics for ophthalmologic problems should be administered locally. 3. Any topical medication may be used in the eye. 4. With viral infections, both eyes may need to be treated. 5. In irrigating eyes, the head should be turned toward the affected side to prevent cross-contamination of the unaffected eye.

1,2,4, and 5

Patient teaching regarding gout should include which of the following?

Avoid foods high in purines, such as red meats, cheese, and alcohol. Colchicine is the drug of choice for acute gout. Allopurinol is used as a prophylactic for gout.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Catecholamines are produced and stored in the brain to increase the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system.

Which of the following is NOT true of medications used as antidysrhythmics?

Class I antidysrhythmics are used to block sodium channels to slow the impulse conduction. Class II antidysrhythmics are beta-blockers that decrease the SA automaticity, AV velocity, and myocardial contractility and are similar to calcium channel blockers. Class III antidysrhythmics block potassium channels prolonging ventricular repolarization. Class IV antidysrhythmics are calcium channel blockers that have effects identical to those of beta-blockers.

Which of the following is NOT true of cardiac glycosides?

Digitalis and digitoxin are identical medications and can be interchanged.

Which is NOT true of drugs used with alcoholism?

Disulfiram should be given to a person who abuses alcohol whether the person desires to stop consuming alcohol or not.

Which of the following is NOT true of endorphins and enkephalins?

Endorphins are part of the blood-brain barrier.

Which of the following is NOT true of histamine?

It is not a problem with most upper respiratory inflammatory diseases

Which of the following statements is true about the storage of insulin?

Lantus and regular insulin should be discarded if cloudy. Prefilled syringes of insulin should be stored vertically with the needle up to avoid clogging of the needle. Regular insulin is stable at room temperature for 2 to 4 weeks.

Which of the following is NOT true of medications used on the skin?

Minoxidil is used for baldness, and it should be applied to the hair every 3 days.

Which of the following is NOT true of medications for spasticity?

Most muscle relaxants are effective for spasticity.

Which of the following is NOT true of antiseizure medications?

Patients taking antiseizure medications can adjust their doses as needed to stay seizure free without consulting a physician.

All of the following drugs effects are increased by oral contraceptives except

Phenytoin

Which of the following statements is NOT true of prophylactic agents?

Sunscreens have no effect on premature aging or in precancerous conditions, although these products do prevent cancer.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning infertility and its treatment?

The major cause of infertility treated by pharmaceutical means is anovulation. Medications for infertility promote the maturation of the follicle and ovulation. Treatments include clomiphene, gonadorelin, and menotropin. Medications for infertility must be matched to the cause of infertility, so accurate medical histories are important.

Which of the following is NOT true of local anesthetics?

The onset of most local anesthetics is slow, and they last for prolonged periods of time.

Which of the following is true of medications for migraine headache?

They are used therapeutically and prophylactically. They are given in individualized dosages. Ongoing migraines may be treated with OTC and prescription medications.

Which of the following is NOT true of smoking cessation products?

They come in gums, nasal sprays, injectable medications, and transdermal systems. Nicotine gums are absorbed by the mucous membranes of the mouth. Transdermal patches are worn for 16 to 24 hours per day. Tablets should be used for at least 3 months but no longer than 6 months.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding adrenergic antagonists used in treating BPH?

They increase libido; therefore gaining compliance is easy.

Which of the following is NOT true of topical corticosteroids?

They should be applied thickly so that the medication will stay in contact with the lesion for a longer period of time.

Which of the following is NOT true about taking medications for motion sickness?

They should be taken when symptoms occur.

Which of the following is NOT true of treatment for COPD?

Xanthine derivatives constrict smooth muscle, so sputum may be expectorated.

Which of the following are used in mouthrinses?

anesthetics fluorides oxygenating agents phenols

didrex

anorexiant

Drugs that are used to treat urinary tract infections include

antibacterials, antiseptics, and analgesics

Otic preparations may be which of the following?

antibiotics and ceruminolytics

tigan

antiemetic

phazyme

antiflatulent

Hyperglycemics

are used to increase blood sugars are used to treat diseases with hypersecretion of insulin may cause constipation, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and heart conditions

Groups of drugs that are used to treat seizures include which of the following?

barbiturates and benzodiazepines hydantoins succinimides

To safely store ophthalmic and otic medications, medications with the same name should be stored next to each other or in close proximity so that the allied health professional can be sure to use the correct medication.

false

Personal characteristics of drug misusers and abusers include all of the following EXCEPT

feelings of self worth

All of the following medication interact with Ventolin except.

flouroquinolone

Medications used for arthritis include

gold, NSAIDs, DMARDs

cepacol

halitosis

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

have fewer side effects than MAOIs should be administered in the mornings cause sexual dysfunction (all except d)

All of the following are common signs of ear infections except.

increased cerumen

The ____ effect described the heart's____ force

inotropic, contraction

bentyl

irritable bowel

Which of the following is NOT true of ethyl alcohol?

it has no medicinal indications

Which of the following is NOT true of testosterone?

it has no use in females

Magnesium deficiencies maybe caused by all of following except

lack of sunlight

Common side effects of medications for skin disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

loss of hair

Antipsychotics are also called

major tranquilizers and neuroleptics

Which of the following is NOT a hallucinogen, psychedelic, or psychomimetic?

marijuana

The side effects of miotics include

myopia and blurred vision

The most common side effect of of estrogen preparations is

nausea

Which of the following are NOT common symptoms of respiratory tract disorders?

nausea, vomiting, and anorexia

Topical preparations come in which of the following forms?

ointments and lotions, creams and gels, aerosol sprays

Antipsychotics include

phenothiazines, such as chlorpromazine butyrophenone derivatives, such as haloperidol atypical medications, such as olanzapine

Centrally acting muscle relaxants include all of the following EXCEPT

probenecid (Benemid)

Which of the following medication classes is NOT used to treat premenstrual syndrome?

progesterone and calcium

Common signs and symptoms of mental disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

proper work ethics and work skills

Most drugs that are used to treat ADHD are

related to central nervous system stimulants used to increase the attention span Schedule II medications

Mood disorders, also called affective disorders, include depression. The Monoamine Theory of Depression theorizes that a depressed person is lacking which chemicals?

serotonin and norepinephrine

Nausea, malaise, weakness, headaches and drowsiness are all signs of depletion of which electrolyte.

sodium

The following agent rapidly diffuses through burns and is effective against bacterial wound invasion.

sulfamylon

Which of the following is NOT true of urinary tract antispasmodics?

they are indicated for use in children under the age of 5 to relieve enuresis

Which of the following is NOT true of antispasmodics?

they increase peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract

Insulin preparations vary in

time of onset peak of action duration of action

Antidepressant medications include

tricyclic antidepressants monoamine oxidase inhibitors selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Agents that mimic the sympathetic nervous system bring about pupillary dilation, while cycloplegic agents cause paralysis of the ciliary muscles and prevent accommodation. These medications are used primarily for diagnostic testing.

true

Beta-blockers are the drugs of choice in migraine headache prophylaxis.

true

Bisphosphonates are used to prevent fractures.

true

Corticosteroids may cause increased ocular pressure, while ibuprofen may alter color vision and may cause blurred vision.

true

Cromolyn is for the prophylaxis of asthma.

true

DDAVP is an antidiuretic hormone.

true

Ear analgesics may be warmed mineral oil, sweet oil, or glycerin as well as medications with benzocaine.

true

Glycerin suppositories for children are the most appropriate treatment for constipation in children ages 10 years and younger.

true

Insulin acts as a key to open body cells to glucose.

true

Nicotinic acid reduces LDL and VLDL levels and raises HDL levels but is limited by its side effects.

true

Not all socioeconomic, ethnic, or cultural classes have problems with drug and substance abuse—just those persons at the opposite ends of the cultural spectrum.

true

Sulfonamides suppress the synthesis of folic acid.

true

The use of colchicine is specific for gout.

true

Thyroid replacement therapy is for treatment of hypothyroidism, not for treatment of obesity or for weight loss.

true

Topical antiinfectives are indicated in superficial wound therapy but are not indicated for deep penetrating wounds.

true

Xanthine derivatives such as theophylline are not always the drugs of choice for asthma because of the narrow therapeutic range.

true